Deck 13: Translation of MRNA

Question 1

Select the codon that is not synonymous with CUU.

A)CUC
B)UUG
C)CUA
D)AUU
E)UUA

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How many amino acids would be included in the polypeptide encoded by the following mRNA: 5'GCCACCAUGGGCCAAUUACGAAGGUUUUGCUGACCAGGUCAA3'

A)7
B)8
C)10
D)13

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What site on the ribosome is primarily responsible for holding the growing polypeptide?

A)A
B)E
C)P

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The genetic code is universal in nuclear DNA from bacteria to mammals.

Question 5

Where does mRNA/tRNA codon-anticodon recognition take place?

A) 30S
B) 40S
C) 50S
D) The surface between the two ribosomal subunits

Question 6

61 different tRNAs are required for translation both in vivo and in vitro.

Question 7

Kozak's rules for translation are similar to those for transcription in prokaryotes in that they both contain consensus sequences. In prokaryotes, the promoter consensus sequences are at -35 and -10. Where is the consensus sequence for translational initiation according to Kozak's rules?

A)-6 to +4
B)-12 to -2
C)+1 to +10
D)-9 to +1

Question 8

An anticodon is located on ______.

A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)rRNA
D)tRNA
E)snRNA

Question 9

What is true according to the adaptor hypothesis?

A)The anticodon and amino acid have no relationship.
B)A given tRNA can carry any of the twenty amino acids.
C)The position of an amino acid within a polypeptide is determined by the binding of mRNA with a tRNA carrying a specific amino acid.
D)An amino acid recognizes the codon in mRNA.

Question 10

All mature polypeptides contain a methionine at the N-terminus.

Question 11

A tRNA's anticodon is 5'GGC3'. What amino acid is attached to it?

A) Glycine
B) Proline
C) Alanine
D) Arginine

Question 12

The structure of the ribosome is uniform throughout a eukaryotic cell.

Question 13

The primary structure of a protein is directly associated with ______.

A)regular repeating shapes, such as beta-sheets
B)the three-dimensional shape of the protein
C)the linear sequence of the amino acids
D)the interaction of two or more peptide chains

Question 14

$\alpha$ -helices and $\beta$ -sheets are examples of what level of protein structure?

A)Primary structure
B)Secondary structure
C)Tertiary structure
D)Quanternary structure

Question 15

What is responsible for binding the initiator tRNA in eukaryotes?

A)eIF2
B)EF-Tu
C)eIF3
D)EF-G

Question 16

What typically stops the process of translation?

A)Rho proteins
B)Aminoacyl tRNA synthase
C)rRNA
D)Stop codons
E)Introns

Question 17

Where are the ribosomal subunits assembled in eukaryotes?

A)Nucleus
B)Nucleoid
C)Nucleolus
D)Nuclear envelope

Question 18

A tRNA that has an amino acid attached is called _____.

A)an rRNA
B)a degenerate tRNA
C)a coding tRNA
D)a charged tRNA
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 19

Select the amino acid that has been activated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

A)Amino acid · ATP · aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
B)Amino acid · aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
C)Amino acid + AMP + PPi
D)Amino acid · AMP

Question 20

What site does the initiator tRNA bind to on the ribosome?

A)A
B)E
C)P

Question 21

A polyribosome would be found in which of the following types of cells?

A)Prokaryotic
B)Eukaryotic
C)Both

Question 22

In the digestive system of animals, proteins called amylases and proteases break down large molecules (for example, starches or proteins) into smaller ones so that they can be absorbed by the intestine. What category of protein function do these proteins fall into?
A.Cell shape or organization
B.Transport
C.Movement
D.Cell signaling
E.
Cell surface recognition
F.
Enzymes

Question 23

RF1 and RF2 are active during _______.

A)initiation
B)elongation
C)termination
D)peptidyl transfer

Question 24

A protein called actin consists of 376 amino acids. The mRNA for actin must be longer than

A)125 nucleotides.
B)376 nucleotides.
C)1128 nucleotides.
D)3384 nucleotides.

Question 25

You are studying the DNA of a person who you know has two defective copies of the gene that encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase. You are surprised to find that this person also carries two defective copies of the gene for homogentisic acid oxidase. What disease symptoms will this person exhibit? (Assume pathway intermediates are not available from sources outside the phenylalanine breakdown pathway.)

A)This person will exhibit symptoms of alkaptonuria.
B)This person will exhibit symptoms of tyrosinosis.
C)This person will exhibit symptoms of phenylketonuria.
D)This person will exhibit symptoms of alkaptonuria and phenylketonuria.
E) This person will be phenotypically normal.

Question 26

The anticodon on the mRNA recognizes the codon on the tRNA.

Question 27

The decoding function is conducted by

A)the 16S rRNA.
B)tRNA.
C)mRNA.
D)snRNA.
E) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

Question 28

The C-terminus of a polypeptide always contains

A)a stop codon.
B)a carboxyl group.
C)an amino group.
D)carbon dioxide.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 29

You perform a cell free translation experiment like Nirenberg and Matthaei. You start with 60% C and 40%
A)36%

A)What relative amount of radiolabeled proline do you expect in the translated polypeptides?
B)22%
C)14%
D) 28%

Question 30

Suppose you performed a triplet binding assay with the triplet 5'-UAA-3'. What radiolabeled amino acids do you expect to find bound to the filter?

A)Tyrosine
B)Asparagine
C)Methionine
D)None

Question 31

What is the name of the enzyme that adds CCA to the 3' end of tRNAs?

A)tRNA nucleotidyltransferase
B)Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
C)RNA polymerase
D)Peptidyl transferase

Question 32

Transcription and translation may occur simultaneously in prokaryotic cells.

Question 33

The peptidyl transferase is a component of

A)DNA.
B)tRNA.
C)the ribosome.
D)the protein being translated.
E) mRNA.

Question 34

Consider the following mRNA from a eukaryotic species. Which AUG codon is translation most likely to begin from?
5'-CCUAUGAGCCACCAUGGAUGCCAAAUGCA-3'

A)1st
B)2nd
C)3rd
D)4th

Question 35

You perform a cell free translation experiment like Nirenberg and Matthaei, but you forget to write down what nucleotides you added to make the mRNA. You precipitate the translated polypeptides and measure the relative amount of radiolabeled amino acids incorporated into them. You get 25% proline, 25% threonine, 12.5% glutamine, 12.5% lysine, 12.5% asparagine, and 12.5% histidine. What nucleotides and in what % did you add to make the mRNA?

A)Equal amounts of A, C, U, and G
B)50% C and 50% A
C)70% C and 30% A
D)50% C and 50% U
E) 50% A and 50% G

Question 36

What is the minimal number of tRNAs that can be used to recognize all of the codons for threonine?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 37

During elongation, the polypeptide is removed from the tRNA in the P site and transferred to the amino acid in the A site.