Deck 3: Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

During this phase of the cell cycle the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following would contain genetic material that is 100% identical?

A)Homologous chromosomes
B)Sister chromatids
C)X and Y chromosomes
D)All of the answers are identical

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In animals, somatic cells are ________ and germ cells are __________.

A)diploid ; diploid
B)diploid ; haploid
C)haploid ; diploid
D)haploid ; haploid

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During this phase of the cell cycle the separated sister chromatids are considered independent chromosomes:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 5

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 sets of chromosomes. How many chromosomes will a gamete from this organism have?

A) 7
B) 14
C) 28
D) 56

Question 6

During this phase of the cell cycle the microtubules of the spindle fiber attach to the kinetochore:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 7

Which of the following indicates the correct order of these events?

A) Anaphase - Telophase - Prophase - Prometaphase - Metaphase
B) Telophase - Prometaphase - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase
C) Metaphase - Prometaphase - Prophase - Anaphase - Telophase
D) Prophase - Prometaphase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase

Question 8

During this phase of the cell cycle, the sister chromatids are formed:

A)G₁ phase
B)G₂ phase
C)S phase
D)Prophase
E)Cytokinesis

Question 9

Organelles are __________.

A)structures that contain the genetic material.
B)membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells.
C)the region that contains the DNA in prokaryotic cells.
D)the outer, rigid covering of a prokaryotic cell.

Question 10

During this phase of the cell cycle chromosomes start to condense:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 11

The location of a gene on a chromosome is called its _____________.

A)karyotype
B)allele
C)locus
D)homolog

Question 12

During sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one set of chromosomes. Members of a pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) are called __________.

A)karyotypes
B)sister chromatids
C)homologs
D)sex chromosomes

Question 13

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 sets of chromosomes. How many chromatids will a cell from this organism have in metaphase of meiosis II?

A) 7
B) 14
C) 28
D) 56

Question 14

During this phase of the cell cycle sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 15

A karyotype is a(n) __________.

A)organelle of eukaryotic cells.
B)stage of prophase I in meiosis.
C)division of the cytoplasmic material following mitosis.
D)organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell.
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 16

You are performing a karyotype for the first time and you forget to add the colchicine. How do you predict this will affect your karyotype?

A) No affect - your karyotype will look normal.
B) You will be unable to see any chromosomes under the microscope.
C) You will only be able to see one of each chromosome.
D) The chromosomes in some cells will look normal (highly compacted) but in other cells distinct chromosomes will be hard to identify.

Question 17

During this phase of the cell cycle the nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 18

Cell division in prokaryotic cells is called ________, while in eukaryotic cells it is called ________.

A)binary fission ; binary fission
B)binary fission ; mitosis
C)meiosis ; mitosis
D)mitosis ; binary fission

Question 19

During this phase of the cell cycle the nuclear membrane starts to disassociate:

A)Metaphase
B)Prometaphase
C)Telophase
D)Anaphase
E)Prophase

Question 20

You are studying a diploid organism that has 14 sets of chromosomes. How many chromatids would this cell have in G₂ phase?

A) 7
B) 14
C) 28
D) 56

Question 21

A bivalent contains how many chromatids?

A)2
B)4
C)8
D)Depends on the cell

Question 22

The end result of meiosis in animals is ______.

A)two diploid cells
B)two haploid cells
C)four diploid cells
D)four haploid cells
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 23

In plants, the haploid generation is called the ______ and the diploid generation is called the __________.

A)sporophyte ; spermatogenesis
B)gametophyte ; sporophyte
C)sporophyte ; gametophyte
D)oogenesis ; gametophyte

Question 24

A pollen grain in a plant represents the ________.

A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte

Question 25

In several mammals, including some rat and shrew species, the presence of two X chromosomes means the animal will be a female, whereas having just one X chromosome dictates maleness. This type of sex determination is most similar to:

A) other mammals.
B) insects.
C) bees.
D) birds.

Question 26

If the gametes of an organism are different morphologically, they are said to be __________.

A)isogamous
B)heterogamous
C)diploid
D)haploid

Question 27

Oogeneis is a gametogenic process following ________ that produces _______.

A)binary fission ; sperm cells
B)mitosis ; egg cells
C)meiosis ; egg cells
D)meiosis ; sperm cells
E)mitosis ; sperm cells

Question 28

The process of crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

A)Diakinesis
B)Diplotene
C)Pachytene
D)Zygotene
E)Leptotene

Question 29

The physical structure that is formed when two chromatids cross over is called a(n) _______.

A) synaptonemal complex
B) bivalent
C) karyotype
D) chiasma

Question 30

What occurs during leptotene of prophase I?

A)The homologous chromosomes recognize one another by synapsis.
B)Crossing over occurs.
C)The replicated chromosomes condense.
D)The synaptonemal complex dissociates.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

The general purpose of the synaptonemal complex is to __________.

A) provide a link between homologous chromosomes in meiosis.
B) enable the reformation of the cell wall during cytokinesis.
C) separate the sister chromatids during anaphase.
D) independently assort the chromosomes during metaphase of meiosis.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Which microtubule type is paired to its correct function?

A)Polar microtubules - positioning of the spindle apparatus
B)Aster microtubules - positioning of the spindle apparatus
C)Kinetochore microtubules - separate the poles
D)Polar microtubules - bind kinetochore to centromere

Question 33

In a plant, which of the following is triploid (3n)?

A)Pollen grain
B)Embryo sac
C)Seed
D)Endosperm
E)None of the answers are triploid

Question 34

In a species of turtles you are studying, you find that when eggs are incubated at a low temperature, the hatched turtle will be male. Eggs incubated at a high temperature yield females, and intermediate temperatures lead to both male and female offpsring. This mode of sex determination is most similar to that in

A) insects.
B) birds.
C) bees.
D) alligators.

Question 35

The chromosomal theory of inheritance was first proposed by ___________.

A)Mendel
B)Boveri and Sutton
C)Darwin and Mendel
D)Weismann and Boveri

Question 36

A male produced from an unfertilized haploid egg is an example of what type of sex determination system?

A)X-Y
B)Z-W
C)X-O
D)Haplo-diploid
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 37

What represents the correct order of events during prophase I?

A) Pachytene - diplotene - diakinesis - leptotene - zygotene
B) Leptotene - zygotene - pachytene - diplotene - diakinesis
C) Zygotene - leptotne - pachytene - diakinesis - diplotene
D) Diplotene - pachytene - leptotene - diakinesis - zygotene

Question 38

If an allele is inherited on the X chromosome, but not the Y, it is said to be an example of ________.

A) autosomal inheritance
B) X-linked inheritance
C) chromosome theory of inheritance
D) homogametic sex
E) heterogametic sex

Question 39

If an organism has five pairs of chromosomes, how many chromosomal combinations are possible at metaphase I of meiosis?

A) 5²
B) 10⁵
C) 5¹⁰
D) 2⁵
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 40

In plants, spores are produced by the process of __________.

A)spermatogenesis
B)meiosis
C)mitosis
D)binary fission
E)oogenesis

Question 41

Zip1 is a protein in yeast that is required for synaptonemal complex formation. Assuming synaptonemal complexes are required for meiosis in yeast, where do you predict these cells arrest (stop progressing through meiosis)?

A)Prometaphase of meiosis I
B)Metaphase of meiosis I
C)Metaphase of meiosis II
D)Between the zygotene and pachytene stages
E) Diakinesis

Question 42

You are studying a new species of plant similar to Mendel's pea plants. You are specifically interested in two genes that are located on two different chromosomes. In this plant, the gene for height has two alleles, T (tall) and t (short). The gene for leaf color has two alleles P (purple) and p (pink). What meiotic products do you expect from diploid cells that are homozyous for the tall allele and heterozygous for the purple allele?

A) An equal number of Tp, tP, tp, and TP gametes
B) An equal number of TP and Tp gametes
C) An equal number of TP and tp gametes
D) 2 TP gametes for every 1 Tp gamete

Question 43

Vincristine is a cancer chemotherapy drug. It binds to tubulin dimers, inhibiting assembly of microtubules. Where do you predict that vincristine stops the cell cycle?

A) S phase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 44

The process where two gametes fuse with each other in the process of fertilization to begin the life of a new organism is called

A) sexual reproduction.
B) gametogenesis.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) X-linked inheritance.
E) multicellularity.

Question 45

You are studying a type of cell that you don't know much about. You want to determine what organism the cell comes from. You decide to watch cell division in this plant using the appropriate cell biology tools. After some experimentation, you determine that cytokinesis in this cell is sensitive to myosin inhibitors. You are likely studying

A) a plant cell.
B) an animal cell.
C) a bacterial cell.
D) a cell type that has not been previously studied.

Question 46

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces haploid cells of two mating types, a and $\alpha$ , which are morphologically similar. Cells of opposite mating types can mate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a(n) ___________ species.

A) isogamous
B) heterogamous
C) prokaryotic
D) asexual

Question 47

Based on what you know about the biochemical composition of cells from Chapter 1 in your text book, the primary information containing building blocks of chromosomes are likely

A) amino acids.
B) lipids.
C) nucleotides.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 48

You are performing a fruit fly cross similar to those that Morgan performed. Unfortunately, you forgot to write down the parents of your cross. You count the progeny, and find you have 40 red-eyed males, 80 red-eyed females, and 40 white-eyed males. Assuming that all genotypes from this cross should have equal survival rates, what are the genotypes of the parent flies?

A) X^wY and X^w+X^w+
B) X^wY and X^w+X^w
C) X^w+Y and X^w+X^w
D) X^w+Y and X^wX^w

Question 49

A dipoid organism that you are studying has 17 chromosomes. How many total chromosomes are found in a somatic cell from this organism? A sperm cell? An egg cell?

A) 17; 16; 16
B) 17; 17; 17
C) 34; 17; 34
D) 34; 17; 17