Deck 1: Overview of Genetics

Question 1

If a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species, they are at the _________ level of study.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown?

A)Catabolic enzymes
B)Nucleotides
C)Anabolic enzymes
D)Lipids
E)Chromosomes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A species that contains two copies of each chromosome is called _______.

A) a genetic mutation
B) a morph
C) haploid
D) diploid
E) alleles

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?

A)Nucleic acids
B)Lipids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Enzymes
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 5

_______ is the use of a gene sequence to synthesize a functional protein.

A)Loss-of-function mutation
B)Gene expression
C)The human genome project
D)Proteonomics
E)None of these

Question 6

The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at the _____ level of biological organization.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Question 7

In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are _________.

A) diploid
B) haploid
C) genetic mutations
D) morphs
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 8

In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be _________.

A) morphs
B) alleles
C) haploid
D) homologs
E) physiological traits

Question 9

The basic unit of heredity is the ___________.

A)individual
B)gene
C)macromolecule
D)trait
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 10

A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______.

A)species
B)morph
C)genome
D)allele
E)proteome

Question 11

A characteristic that an organism displays is called __________.

A) a gene
B) a chromosome
C) DNA
D) gene expression
E) a trait

Question 12

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

A)Morphological differences
B)Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA
C)Carbohydrate content of the cell
D)Translation

Question 13

The differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population are called _______.

A)species variation
B)genetic mutations
C)genetic variation
D)natural selection
E)None of these

Question 14

The structure of a cell that contains the genetic information is called a ___________.

A) nucleotide
B) genetic code
C) chromosome
D) nucleic acids
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 15

Variation at the molecular level of a gene is called a(n) _________.

A) nucleotide
B) chromosome
C) allele
D) trait
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is correct regarding natural selection?

A)It is based on competition for resources
B)Beneficial traits are passed on to the next generation
C)It enables a species to become better adapted to its environment
D)It may drastically change a species over time
E)All of the answers are correct

Question 17

RNA is formed by the process of _____________.

A) transcription
B) translation
C) both transcription and translation
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 18

The building blocks of DNA are the _____________.

A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) enzymes
D) nucleotides
E) lipids

Question 19

A cell that makes up the body structure of an organism and is diploid is _______.

A) a gamete
B) a somatic cell
C) an allele
D) rare
E) a sperm cell

Question 20

Three populations of an organism, each with drastically different external markings, but still members of the same species, would be called _______.

A)homologs
B)mutants
C)communities
D)alleles
E)morphs

Question 21

Which of the following studies how the forces of nature have influenced the spread of traits?

A)Population genetics
B)Transmission genetics
C)Molecular genetics

Question 22

The class of macromolecules that are primarily responsible for catabolic and anabolic activities in a cell are the.

A) nucleic acids
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) carbohydrates

Question 23

Science may be conducted using a process called the scientific method.

Question 24

Which of the following began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the 19^th century?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 25

Which of the following studies the effects of loss-of-function mutations?

A)Population genetics
B)Transmission genetics
C)Molecular genetics

Question 26

Both genes and the _______ influence the traits of an organism.

A)genome
B)environment
C)population

Question 27

Genetics is the branch of the biological sciences that deals with both heredity and variation.

Question 28

DNA stores the information needed for the synthesis of cellular _______.

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)lipids

Question 29

Which of the following studies the relationship between genetic variation and the environment?

A)Population genetics
B)Transmission genetics
C)Molecular genetics

Question 30

Which of the following uses a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance?

A)Population genetics
B)Transmission genetics
C)Molecular genetics

Question 31

Change in a population over time is called biological evolution.

Question 32

The changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time is called _______.

A)homologous recombination
B)model organisms studies
C)genetic crosses
D)biological evolution
E)hypothesis testing

Question 33

Gene expression involves the process of transcription and translation.

Question 34

What is the difference between hypothesis testing and discovery-based research?

A) Hypothesis can be validated or invalidated while discovery-based research relies more on collection and analysis of data without a hypothesis
B) Discovery-based science can be validated or invalidated while hypothesis based research relies more on collection and analysis of data
C) There is only one type of experimental approach, both terms describe the same approach.
D) Hypothesis-based research results in believable science while discovery-based research results in unreliable conclusions.

Question 35

Sexual reproduction decreases the genetic variation of a species.

Question 36

_______ influence the physical appearance of an organism.

A)Morphological traits
B)Physiological traits
C)Behavioral traits

Question 37

Which one of the following is NOT one of the general classes of macromolecules that are necessary for cellular function?

A)Nucleic acids
B)Proteins
C)Ions
D)Carbohydrates
E)Lipids