Deck 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Which of the following B-vitamins is found in the widest variety of foods (i.e., different food groups such as vegetables, grains, meat)?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin B-12
C)pantothenic acid
D)All of these choices are accurate

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the U.S., dietary intakes of the major minerals ______ and _______ often fall short of recommendations.

A)sodium; phosphorus
B)calcium; phosphorus
C)sodium; potassium
D)potassium; calcium

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the leading type of cancer in males and females?

A)brain
B)liver
C)lung
D)colon

Answer 3

C

Question 4

People who smoke have an increased need for ________.

A)vitamin B-12
B)vitamin C
C)folate
D)biotin

Question 5

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed.Oxalic acid is found in ________.

A)some leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach
B)milk and dairy products
C)wheat grain fibers
D)liver and other organ meats

Question 6

The best food sources of vitamin B-6 are ________.

A)meats, fish, and poultry
B)milk and dairy products
C)carrots, celery, and squash
D)enriched breads and cereals

Question 7

Supplements of the water-soluble vitamins ______ and _______ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms.

A)thiamin; riboflavin
B)vitamin B-12; pantothenic acid
C)vitamin B-6; vitamin C
D)biotin; vitamin B-12

Question 8

Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed.Phytic acid is found in ________.

A)leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach
B)milk and dairy products
C)wheat grain fibers
D)liver and other organ meats

Question 9

Flushing of the face and skin can result from pharmacological doses of ________.

A)vitamin B-6
B)thiamin
C)folate
D)niacin

Question 10

Which of the following has been associated with a decreased risk of cancer?

A)low intakes of calcium
B)high intakes of nitrates
C)adequate intake of vitamin D
D)low intakes of lycopene

Question 11

Vitamin B-12 is found in which of the following foods?

A)orange juice
B)dark green leafy vegetables
C)seed oils
D)chicken

Question 12

The vitamin that prevents beriberi is ________.

A)vitamin B-12
B)riboflavin
C)niacin
D)thiamin

Question 13

Which of the following contribute to increased risk of cancer?

A)viruses
B)radiation
C)dietary fat
D)All of these factors may increase cancer risk.

Question 14

The nutrients added to enriched grains typically include ________.

A)all of the B vitamins
B)vitamin C, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and zinc
C)thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron
D)vitamin B-6, folic acid, vitamin B-12, and iron

Question 15

Which group of foods provides substantial amounts of vitamin C?

A)Citrus fruits and vegetables
B)Milk and dairy products
C)Beef, poultry, seafood
D)Breads and cereals

Question 16

The most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is ________.

A)leafy green vegetables
B)soybeans
C)milk and dairy products
D)cereal grains
E)meats

Question 17

Chloride is ________.

A)the main anion in extracellular fluid
B)an intracellular fluid ion
C)a positively charged ion
D)converted to chlorine in the intestinal tract

Question 18

The B-vitamin that has significant liver stores is ________.

A)niacin
B)folate
C)biotin
D)vitamin B-12

Question 19

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is ________.

A)phosphorus
B)iron
C)calcium
D)sodium

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT classified as an ultratrace mineral?

A)arsenic
B)boron
C)selenium
D)vanadium

Question 21

People with diseases that result in decreased fat absorption may run the risk of deficiencies of ________.

A)trace minerals
B)major minerals
C)water-soluble vitamins
D)fat-soluble vitamins

Question 22

When consumed in recommended amounts, approximately ________ of fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed.

A)1-5%
B)5-20%
C)10-35%
D)40-90%

Question 23

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the ________.

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)large intestine

Question 24

Beta-carotene ________.

A)can be converted to vitamin A in the body
B)can be converted to vitamin E in the body
C)is classified as a retinoid
D)is toxic when consumed in excess amounts

Question 25

Excess amounts of most fat-soluble vitamins are ________.

A)stored in the liver or adipose tissue
B)excreted via the kidneys
C)stored in the pancreas
D) All of these choices are accurate

Question 26

Nutrients most likely to cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts include ________.

A)vitamin B-12 and vitamin K
B)vitamin D and riboflavin
C)vitamin A and vitamin D
D)vitamin A and vitamin E

Question 27

Grains are good sources of which of the following vitamins?

A)riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin D
B)vitamin A, thiamin, and folic acid
C)riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
D)vitamin B-6, thiamin, and folic acid

Question 28

To help maintain the vitamin C and B-vitamin content of foods, which of the following food preparation methods should be used?

A)boiling
B)frying
C)long, slow simmer
D)stir-frying
Learning Outcome: 12.05 List food groups that are dietary sources of vitamins and minerals.
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Identify factors that influence the vitamin and mineral content of foods.

Question 29

Which of the following does NOT describe a vitamin?

A)They are essential organic substances
B)They are fat- or water-soluble
C)They are needed in relatively small amounts
D)They provide a rich source of energy

Question 30

People with Crohn's disease may have difficulty absorbing which of the following vitamins in particular?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin C
D)niacin
Learning Outcome: 12.04 Describe vitamin and mineral absorption, transport, and storage.

Question 31

After absorption, the fat-soluble vitamins are distributed to body cells by ________.

A)free fatty acids
B)lipases
C)mucopolysaccharides
D)lipoproteins

Question 32

Nutritionally, the difference between brown rice and white rice is ________.

A)the presence of bran and germ layers in the brown rice, which have most of the nutrients
B)negligible.There is a little more thiamin in white rice than brown rice
C)fiber content.White rice has more fiber
D)there is more thiamin and fiber in white rice

Question 33

A leading cause of blindness in the world today (excluding accidents) is a dietary deficiency of ________.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K

Question 34

This group of vitamins was originally thought to have only one chemical form; the different vitamins became distinguished by each having a number added to the name.

A) fat-soluble vitamins
B) water-soluble vitamins
C) B-vitamins
D) all vitamins

Question 35

In children, a severe deficiency of vitamin A often results in ________.

A)scurvy
B)night blindness
C)insufficient blood clotting
D)microcytic anemia

Question 36

Dairy foods are good sources of which of the following vitamins?

A)riboflavin and thiamin
B)vitamin B-12 and riboflavin
C)vitamin D and vitamin E
D)vitamin D and folic acid

Question 37

Excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are ________.

A)stored in the adipose tissue
B)readily excreted
C)stored in the liver
D)often toxic

Question 38

These nutrients exist in foods in the nutrient forms and in the coenzyme forms.

A)trace minerals
B)B-vitamins
C)fat-soluble vitamins
D)ultra-trace minerals

Question 39

In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the ________.

A)kidneys
B)intestine
C)lungs
D)skin

Question 40

Excess intake of zinc supplements can reduce absorption of ________.

A)selenium
B)calcium
C)copper
D)iodine

Question 41

Individuals with lactose intolerance or milk allergies may need calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Question 42

Natural vitamins are usually superior to synthetic vitamins.

Question 43

People who smoke likely need more vitamin C than nonsmokers.

Question 44

Fruits, vegetables, and protein foods are good sources of the mineral ________.

A)calcium
B)phosphorus
C)magnesium
D)potassium

Question 45

Lipoproteins help transport which micronutrients?

A)water-soluble vitamins
B)fat-soluble vitamins
C)trace minerals
D)major minerals

Question 46

Nutrient content is best preserved by storing many fruits and vegetables ________.

A)at room temperature
B) at refrigeration temperature
C)in the sunlight
D)in a brown paper bag

Question 47

The fat-soluble vitamins include:

A)vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and niacin
B)vitamin A, vitamin D, niacin, and folic acid
C)vitamin A, vitamin K, folic acid, and vitamin B 12
D)vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin E

Question 48

Vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, and fluoride are micronutrients important in ________.

A)blood heath
B)antioxidant defenses
C)fluid balance
D)bone health

Question 49

Dairy products are generally good sources of ________.

A)vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium
B)vitamin C, riboflavin, and calcium
C)vitamin D, calcium, and iron
D)vitamin C, vitamin D, and riboflavin

Question 50

Micronutrients that are important in helping the body produce energy are ________.

A)thiamin, niacin, biotin, panthothenic acid, and magnesium
B)thiamin, niacin, vitamin K, vitamin E, and magnesium
C)biotin, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin E, and iron
D)biotin, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin K, and iron

Question 51

Peeling and cutting apples just before eating, rather than too early, helps ________.

A)preserve the alkalinity
B)increase the acidity reaction
C)minimize oxygen exposure
D)increase enzyme action

Question 52

Preparing and cooking vegetables can result in ________.

A)the loss of minerals from the vegetable into the boiling water
B)the loss of the mineral iron from the vegetable into the cooking equipment
C)the destruction of minerals in the vegetable by sanitizing solutions
D)the loss of minerals due to added flavor enhancers

Question 53

Supplements of bee pollen, lecithin, and inositol are often recommended by dietitians for weight loss.

Question 54

Vegans may require supplements of calcium, zinc, iron, and vitamin B-12 to prevent deficiencies.

Question 55

Mineral intake must be closely monitored when there is poor functioning of which body organ?

A)kidneys
B)pancreas
C)gall bladder
D)small intestine

Question 56

To help assure preservation of vitamin content before eating, canned and frozen vegetables should be consumed within ________.

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)12 months
D)24 months

Question 57

Typically, major minerals are needed in amounts of ________ mg or more daily.

A)10
B)100
C)200
D)2000

Question 58

Dietary supplements are tightly regulated by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA).

Question 59

Minerals with functions related to muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and blood pressure regulation include ________.

A)iron, sodium, and potassium
B)calcium, sodium, and iodide
C)sodium, zinc, and iron
D)sodium, potassium, and calcium

Question 60

Golden rice was developed as a fortified food for many areas of the developing world to help prevent deficiencies of this vitamin.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin A
C)folic acid
D)calcium

Question 61

Supplement manufacturers can make unproven claims with regard to conditions that are not diseases.

Question 62

Vitamin A supplements have actually resulted in a decrease in vitamin A-related deaths in developing countries.

Question 63

The quantity of minerals in the soil can influence the amount of minerals in the plant grown in that soil.

Question 64

Plant foods are good sources of the minerals potassium and magnesium.

Question 65

People who remain almost fully covered during the day are at increased risk of vitamin K deficiency.

Question 66

When taken in megadoses, some vitamins may act like drugs.

Question 67

Adding baking soda to vegetables during cooking helps preserve the nutrient content.

Question 68

Oysters, clams, and other shellfish are generally good sources of the fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 69

Trace minerals are present in the body in smaller quantities than are major minerals.

Question 70

Toxicities from micronutrients usually occur from consuming large amounts of a specific food.

Question 71

Some minerals can be synthesized in the human body.

Question 72

Iodine deficiency and iron deficiency are the most common mineral deficiencies worldwide.

Question 73

Cancers can metastasize to distant parts of the body via the blood or lymph to form invasive tumors.

Question 74

Some vitamins can be produced by the body.

Question 75

The ultratrace mineral boron does not yet have an established UL.

Question 76

Megadoses of vitamins are useful in preventing nutritional deficiencies and decreasing disease risk.

Question 77

Excessive intake of minerals is likely to cause toxic effects.

Question 78

The fat-soluble vitamins all have hormone-like activity.

Question 79

Vitamin and mineral supplements are closely regulated by the FDA.

Question 80

Dietary supplements can fully compensate for nutritionally poor diets.