Deck 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years

Question 1

Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because ________.

A)basal metabolism declines
B)the body becomes more efficient in using energy
C)thrifty metabolism begins
D)All of these responses are correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The diets of adults tend to be high in ________.

A)vitamin D
B)calcium
C)fat
D)zinc
E)fiber

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for adults do not take into consideration aging-related changes in ________.

A)body composition
B)metabolism
C)organ function
D)DRIs take into account all of these things

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In adulthood, a nutritious diet can help to ________.

A)delay onset of disease
B)recover more quickly from disease
C)increase mental, physical, and social well-being
D)A nutritious diet can do all of these things

Question 5

Age-related degenerative changes can be minimized, prevented, or reversed by ________.

A)exercising regularly
B)getting enough sleep
C)avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight
D)eating nutritiously
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 6

Which aspects of the environment influence the rate of aging?

A)Income and education
B)Quality of housing and autonomy
C)Access to health care and nutritious food
D)Psychosocial support and protection from climactic extremes
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 7

The largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficiencies is ________.

A)women
B)pregnant women
C)low-income people
D)older adults living in long-term care facilities

Question 8

Who may not receive sufficient protein?

A)Adults with limited budgets
B)Adults with chewing problems
C)Adults who are lactose intolerant
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 9

Why is vitamin D a nutrient of particular concern in older adults?

A)Permeability of the intestine to dietary vitamin D increases as the intestine ages, which increases risk for toxicity.
B)Vitamin D synthesis in the skin slows.
C)The kidneys accelerate the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which increases the risk for toxicity.
D)None of these responses are accurate.

Question 10

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a goal for adults is to ________.

A)limit intake of added sugars and emphasize vegetables in the diet
B)keep body weight in a healthy range
C)practice safe food handling
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 11

Starting around age ___, organ size and efficiency begin to decrease.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)70

Question 12

Compression of morbidity can be defined as ________.

A)having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness
B)representing a low death rate from chronic diseases
C)having a longer life
D)postponing illness until such time as there is an adequate treatment or cure

Question 13

A diet rich in fiber helps adults to ________.

A)reduce risk of osteoporosis
B)reduce risk of heart disease
C)raise blood cholesterol levels
D)avoid diarrhea

Question 14

After age ____ or so, the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.

A)25
B)30
C)35
D)55

Question 15

During adulthood, nutrients are used primarily ________.

A)to maintain the body
B)to support physical growth
C)to maintain the body and support physical growth

Question 16

Which is NOT a current hypothesis about the cause of aging?

A)Blood concentrations of hormones change.
B)Cells can divide about 50 times, and then they die.
C)The immune system becomes less able to recognize and destroy foreign substances.
D)Connective tissue stiffens and reduces flexibility.
E)All of these are current hypotheses about the cause of aging.

Question 17

Which is an example of usual aging?

A)Increasing body fatness
B)Maintenance of lean body mass
C)Maintenance of bone mass
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 18

Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by ________.

A)less intense feelings of thirst
B)chronic disease
C)certain medications
D)reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 19

The diets of adults tend to be low in ________.

A)vitamin D
B)zinc
C)magnesium
D)folate
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 20

Which determines the rate of aging?

A)Genetics
B)Lifestyle
C)Environment
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 21

To prevent constipation, older adults should ________.

A)limit highly sweetened foods
B)increase dietary fiber
C)take laxatives
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 22

A common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is ________.

A)bleeding ulcers
B)use of aspirin
C)bleeding hemorrhoids
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 23

To protect the cardiovascular system, adults should ________.

A)not smoke
B)eat low-carbohydrate diets
C)avoid vigorous exercise
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 24

During the adult years, ____ can adversely affect the immune system.

A)undernutrition
B)overnutrition
C)excessive iron intake
D)obesity
E)All of these choices are correct

Question 25

A change in muscle that occurs in adulthood is ________.

A)increased elasticity
B)bloating of muscle cells
C)loss of muscle strength
D)hypertrophy of muscle cells

Question 26

Elevated blood concentrations of ____ are associated with increased risk for stroke and neurological decline in some elderly adults.

A)zinc
B)homocysteine
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin D

Question 27

Long-term use of aspirin or aspirin-like medications can deplete _________ reserves.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)vitamin K
D)thiamin

Question 28

Which is true about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A)It provides nutrition education.
B)It provides a means to purchase food-producing plants.
C)It provides a means to buy hot meals in group homes.
D)It supplements food budgets of low-income households.
E)All of these responses are correct.

Question 29

A major problem afflicting the elderly gastrointestinal tract is ________.

A)increased lactase synthesis
B)constipation
C)increased HCl production
D)increased synthesis of intrinsic factor

Question 30

Many elderly people avoid social contact because they ________.

A)are experiencing hearing loss
B)have trouble seeing, so they avoid going out
C)have problems with urinary incontinence
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 31

Physical activity is associated with ________.

A)improved sleep
B)reduced risk for falling
C)positive mental outlook
D)better mobility
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 32

Warning signs of Alzheimer's disease include ________.

A)personality changes
B)language problems
C)reduced job performance
D)faulty judgment
E)All of these are signs of Alzheimer's disease

Question 33

To preserve bone mass, adults should ________.

A)not smoke
B)consume adequate vitamin D
C)consume adequate calcium
D)All of these recommendations are correct

Question 34

Which is true of the Congregate Meal program?

A)It is administered by the USDA.
B)It is part of the Older Americans Act.
C)Anyone age 52 or older can participate.
D)All of these responses are accurate.

Question 35

Which U.S.government program distributes surplus agricultural products?

A)Commodity Supplemental Food Program
B)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP)
C)Child and Adult Care Food Program
D)Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program

Question 36

Inadequate intake of ____ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion.

A)magnesium
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 37

Intakes of ______ have been associated with reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.

A)vitamin E
B)folate
C)lutein
D)zeaxanthin
E)both lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 38

Insufficient intakes of ___ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed wound healing.

A)magnesium
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 39

An age-related change in the nervous system that can adversely affect nutritional status is ________.

A)decreased taste perception
B)hearing loss
C)vision loss
D)All of these changes can impact nutritional status

Question 40

A body composition change that typically occurs in adulthood is ________.

A)increased body water
B)increased fat stores
C)increased lean body mass
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 41

A rational approach for someone wanting to try complementary and alternative medicine is to ________.

A)take advice from a trusted friend
B)keep a record of symptoms and practices followed
C)try at least 2 complementary and alternative medical practices at once
D)All of these approaches are rational

Question 42

Which is true about herbs?

A)There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.
B)There have been no cases of adverse effects of using herbal supplements.
C)Herbal supplements are more effective than medicines.
D)Herbal supplements are as rigorously tested as medicines in the U.S.
E)All of these responses are true.

Question 43

To relieve the symptoms of arthritis, older adults should ________.

A)follow a special diet
B)restrict certain foods
C)take nutrient supplements
D)All of these responses are accurate
E)None of these responses are accurate

Question 44

What food and nutrition service programs does the U.S.Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Administration on Aging provide for older adults?

A)Commodity Supplemental Food program
B)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program
C)Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition program
D)Child and Adult Care Food program
E) All of these

Question 45

In complementary and alternative medicine, a manipulative practice is ________.

A)massage
B)Reiki therapy
C)chiropractic manipulation
D)All of these examples are correct
E)None of these examples are correct

Question 46

An alternative medical practice system is ________.

A)Ayurveda
B)naturopathy
C)homeopathy
D)acupuncture
E)All of these responses are correct

Question 47

Which is NOT an example of energy medicine?

A)High-calorie diets
B)Pulsed fields
C)Magnetic fields
D)Electrical currents

Question 48

Which strength training recommendations, as suggested by the National Institutes on Aging, are appropriate for older adults?

A)Exercise at least 2 days per week.
B)Stretch after completing all exercises.
C)Perform exercises that involve major muscle groups.
D)All of the above are appropriate strength training recommendations.

Question 49

Which is an example of a mind-body intervention?

A)Hypnosis
B)Biofeedback
C)Yoga
D)All of these are examples of mind-body interventions

Question 50

Which domain of complementary and alternative medicine involves using foods and special diets?

A)Energy medicine
B)Alternative medical systems
C)Biological based practices
D)Mind-body interventions