Deck 3: History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture

Question 1

The Mexican attitude toward their American neighbors may be summed up in the statement: "Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends."
F. Kennedy's proclamation during a visit to Mexico that "Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends." North Americans may be surprised to learn that most Mexicans "felt it more accurate to say 'Geography has made us closer, tradition has made us far apart.' "

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Most Americans would agree with President John

Question 2

In much of the underdeveloped world, human labor is the major source of energy.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: In much of the underdeveloped world, human labor provides the preponderance of energy. The principal supplements to human energy are animals, wood, fossil fuel, nuclear power, and, to a lesser and more experimental extent, the ocean's tides, geothermal power, and the sun.

Question 3

Nowadays, geographical barriers within Europe, like the Alps, are seen as natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Once seen as natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors, physical barriers that exist within Europe are now seen as impediments to efficient trade in an integrated economic union.

Question 4

Petroleum's versatility ensures that petroleum-related products still dominate energy usage.

Question 5

The Opium War, with death tolls ranging between 20 and 40 million people, is the single most horrific civil war in the history of the world.

Question 6

The issue of disposal of hazardous waste is a byproduct of pollution controls.

Question 7

The idea of sustainable development is quite popular in the United States owing to cultural characteristics of Americans.

Question 8

Countries most affected from major natural calamities are among the poorest in the world.

Question 9

The Monroe Doctrine was used to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, and California and, later, U.S. involvement in Cuba, Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

Question 10

The Roosevelt Corollary paved way for non-American intervention in Latin American affairs.

Question 11

The Roosevelt Corollary is typified by the dictum-whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

Question 12

The United States is now the world's top polluter.

Question 13

The Monroe Doctrine, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

Question 14

Confucian philosophy, taught throughout Japan's history, emphasizes the highest loyalty to the country.

Question 15

The main focus of sustainable development is caring for the environment.

Question 16

The Basel Convention identified safe dumping zones for hazardous wastes exported by developed nations.

Question 17

The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed abstention of the United States from European political affairs.

Question 18

It is generally agreed that history can be understood only objectively.

Question 19

The United States leads the fight against pollution with the most stringent greenhouse emission standards in the world.

Question 20

The influence of self-reference criteria is not limited to our view of history.

Question 21

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the feelings of most Mexicans toward the United States (according to information presented in the text)?

A) In general, Mexicans trust and favor the United States above other trading partners.
B) In general, Mexicans trust and favor Europeans over the United States.
C) Mexicans see the United States as a protector that will aid them in emerging as a world power in the twenty-first century.
D) Mexicans see the United States as a threat to their political, economic, and cultural independence.
E) Mexicans see the United States as a land of abundant opportunity and good fortune.

Question 22

____, in its broadest interpretation, meant that Americans were a chosen people ordained by God to create a model society.

A) The Roosevelt Corollary
B) The Monroe Doctrine
C) The Hays Corollary
D) The Grant Mandate
E) The "Manifest Destiny"

Question 23

China has emerged the most efficient user of energy worldwide.

Question 24

The world population is estimated to grow to about 6.8 billion by 2050.

Question 25

Which of the following is the most accurate description of how U.S. citizens see the Monroe Doctrine?

A) The Monroe Doctrine justifies U.S. expansion into Latin America.
B) The Monroe Doctrine guarantees that communism cannot enter into Latin America.
C) The Monroe Doctrine is rather useless in expanding or protecting U.S. policies toward Latin America.
D) The Monroe Doctrine is so dated that became ineffective as a policy in the 1890s.
E) The Monroe Doctrine was seen as protection for Latin America from European colonization and the intervention of Europe in the governments of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 26

Manifest Destiny and _____ were accepted as the basis for U.S. foreign policy during much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

A) the "Big Stick" approach
B) the Monroe Doctrine
C) the Hays Corollary
D) the Grant Mandate
E) Latin American Security Treaty

Question 27

All of the following occurred during the Mexican Revolution EXCEPT:

A) the overthrow of dictator Díaz.
B) the launching of the modern Mexican state.
C) expulsion of foreigners.
D) expulsion of North American businessmen.
E) French arms support for the revolutionaries.

Question 28

All of the following permeate many facets of Japanese behavior EXCEPT:

A) loyalty to family.
B) the strong drive to cooperate.
C) the strong desire to work together for a common cause.
D) loyalty to company.
E) the strong desire to expand beyond their political boundaries.

Question 29

Most of the major industrialized countries have sufficient internal population growth to maintain themselves.

Question 30

During the Mexican-American War, the ____, an Irish-American battalion, fought for the Mexicans against the United States.

A) San Patricios
B) Irish Republican Guard
C) Tex-Mexicans
D) Runaways
E) Los Niños Heroes

Question 31

When _____ sailed to Japan in 1853, Japan was opened to the West for the first time.

A) Marco Polo
B) Admiral Halsey
C) Commodore Perry
D) Admiral Pennington
E) East India Company clipper-ships

Question 32

Which of the following reflects Mexico's attitude toward the United States, which is voiced as a variation of President John F. Kennedy's proclamation?

A) Immigration can become a form of conquest.
B) The rich require an abundant supply of the poor.
C) A man who thinks of himself as belonging to a particular national group in America has not yet become an American.
D) Geography has made us closer, tradition has made us far apart.
E) The people of this country are too tolerant. There's no other country in the world where they'd allow it.

Question 33

According to some economists, economic prosperity is a factor that leads to decline in fertility rates.

Question 34

What was the overall end result of The Mexican War of 1846-1848?

A) Mexico was forced to cede a large part of its territory to the United States.
B) Mexico signed a non-aggression pact and borders stayed the same as they were before the war.
C) Mexico gave up California and the U.S. gave up Baja California.
D) Mexico paid the U.S. $5 million for war damages.
E) The United States was forced to sign a pledge to never again invade Mexico.

Question 35

During which of the following engagements did the United States secure California and other parts of the West?

A) The Battle of San Jacinto
B) The War of 1812
C) The Mexican War of 1836
D) The Mexican War of 1846-1848
E) The Gadsden Purchase of 1912

Question 36

According to current estimates, about 85 percent of the population will be concentrated in developed regions by 2050.

Question 37

Which of the following could explain the difference in interpretation of history, especially if the historians are from different cultures?

A) The level of funding received
B) The historian's self-reference criteria
C) The technical tools to examine history
D) The extent of government support
E) The amount of time spent on observation and analysis

Question 38

The single most horrific civil war in the history of the world was the ____.

A) American Revolution
B) Taiping Rebellion
C) Boxer Rebellion
D) Hong Kong Revolution
E) Satsuma Rebellion

Question 39

Which of the following is the most notable aspect of the Mexican Revolution, particularly for North Americans?

A) The overthrow of the dictator Díaz
B) The expulsion of foreigners, especially influential entrepreneurs
C) The formation of the first democratic government
D) The passing of the anti-immigration policy
E) The opening of border-gates to U.S.

Question 40

_____ can be defined as a society's accepted basis for responding to external and internal events.

A) The Scripture
B) Culture
C) Esthetics
D) Rituals
E) Etiquette

Question 41

The ____, a cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy, indicated that no further European colonization in the New World would be accepted.

A) Roosevelt Corollary
B) Monroe Doctrine
C) Hays Corollary
D) Wilson Policy Position
E) Manifest Destiny

Question 42

Geography is part of an organization's:

A) internal environment.
B) controllable external environment.
C) uncontrollable external environment.
D) parallel environment (controllable).
E) parallel environment (uncontrollable).

Question 43

_____ is the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and resources.

A) Geophysics
B) Geography
C) Cartography
D) Demography
E) Geo-politics

Question 44

All of the following have been U.S. interventions in Latin America since 1945 EXCEPT:

A) the Louisiana Purchase.
B) neutralizing of the Popular Revolution.
C) the CIA-organized invasion to overthrow Arbenz.
D) invasion to arrest President Noriega on charges of drug trafficking.
E) attempts to thwart the election of Peron.

Question 45

Which of the following is considered to be a by-product of pollution controls?

A) Corporate responsibility
B) Evading responsibility
C) The disposal of hazardous waste
D) Increased labeling of products
E) Increasing advertising to explain environmental policies

Question 46

Which of the following political strategies stated that not only would the United States prohibit non-American intervention in Latin American affairs, but it would also police the area and guarantee that Latin American nations met their international obligations?

A) The Roosevelt corollary
B) .Good Neighbor policy
C) Big Stick ideology
D) Dollar diplomacy
E) Drago Doctrine

Question 47

Which of the following is the specific reference of the Manifest Destiny?

A) The political clout of the United States over European countries.
B) The territorial expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
C) The focus on investment and infrastructure development in Asia-Pacific.
D) The network of intelligence operations across the world, especially the Communist world.
E) The "white man's burden" to develop the underdeveloped parts of the world.

Question 48

The manner in which the United States acquired the land for the Panama Canal Zone typifies _____ --whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Hay Corollary
C) Wilson Mandate
D) Gadsden Policy Position
E) Roosevelt Corollary

Question 49

The availability of _____ and the ability to generate energy are the foundations of modern technology.

A) minerals
B) money
C) patents
D) labor
E) the Internet

Question 50

The idea of Manifest Destiny was used to justify all of the following EXCEPT the U.S.:

A) annexation of Texas.
B) annexation of Oregon.
C) annexation of New Mexico.
D) involvement in Vietnam.
E) involvement in Alaska.

Question 51

After the U.S. House of Representatives voted to censure Mexico for drug corruption, President Ernesto Zedillo came under pressure to take a hard stand with Washington. Which of the following did Ernesto Zedillo use as a "symbol of Mexico's historical struggles for sovereignty?"

A) The Imperial Crown of Mexico
B) Our Lady of Guadalupe
C) The Mexican-American war
D) The Mexican state oil monopoly Pemex
E) The Cinco de Mayo holiday

Question 52

Larry Lam has the responsibility of doing a geographic appraisal for his company as it attempts to build a manufacturing facility in Borneo. Which of the following elements of geography would NOT be of particular interest to Mr. Lam as he prepares an appraisal of the feasibility of a venture in this tropical country?

A) Altitude
B) Humidity
C) Temperature extremes
D) Climate
E) Latitude.

Question 53

Further to the inclusion of the Roosevelt Corollary, all of the following were considered to be integral parts of the Monroe Doctrine EXCEPT:

A) no further European colonization in the New World.
B) abstention of the U.S. from European political affairs.
C) nonintervention of European governments in the governments of the Western Hemisphere.
D) "entrance tax" for European nations wanting to engage in trade with the U.S.
E) the United States would police Latin American nations.

Question 54

Which of the following statements typifies the Roosevelt Corollary?

A) Only Americans can hurt America.
B) Whatever is good for the United States is justifiable.
C) There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America.
D) The government and those who govern are bound by law.
E) What the United States does best is to understand others.

Question 55

All of the following have the tendency to propel less-privileged countries into further economic stagnation EXCEPT:

A) natural resources from national geographies.
B) climate and topography.
C) civil wars.
D) natural disasters.
E) poor environmental policies.

Question 56

_____ is a joint approach among those who seek economic growth with "wise resource management, equitable distribution of benefits and reduction of negative effects on people and the environment from the process of economic growth."

A) Parallel development
B) Global development
C) Sustainable development
D) Restricted development
E) Biased development

Question 57

What policy was used to justify the American intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1905?

A) Manifest Destiny
B) Hay Corollary
C) Wilson Mandate
D) Gadsden Policy Position
E) Roosevelt Corollary

Question 58

Which of the following provides the major chunk of labor in much of the underdeveloped world?

A) Hydroelectric power
B) Human labor
C) Wind energy
D) Solar renewable batteries
E) Alkaline batteries

Question 59

Which of the following best describes the present day view on mountains, oceans, seas, and jungles in Europe?

A) Natural protection from potentially hostile neighbors
B) Impediments to efficient trade in an integrated economic union
C) Natural landmarks that symbolize national treasure
D) Fortuitous blessings that provide a wealth of natural resources
E) Symbols of national heritage and history

Question 60

Which of the following agreed to a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations?

A) The United Nations
B) The Basel Convention
C) NAFTA
D) The European Union
E) The Soviet Bloc

Question 61

What explains the variation while viewing history? Does the difference permeate to other matters? Provide an example.

Question 62

Sum up the current view on environmental management.

Question 63

In terms of oil-imports, which of the following is the biggest energy consumer of world?

A) Japan
B) China
C) The United Arab Emirates
D) The United States
E) Germany

Question 64

Briefly describe the fundamental characteristics of the Japanese behavior.

Question 65

_____ represent(s) the attempts of countries to overcome economic and social imbalances created in part by the influence of geography.

A) The Internet
B) Free Trade policies
C) Resource sharing pacts
D) Trade treaties
E) Trade routes

Question 66

Demographic projections suggest that in the future, the part of the world with the largest portion of people over 65 will also be the part with the fewest people under age 15. This means that:

A) fewer workers to support future retirees.
B) taxes will be lowered on future workers to pay for benefits for the elderly.
C) more under-65 workers will retire early.
D) there will be pressure to prevent migration.
E) there will be pressure to increase immigration levels.

Question 67

With respect to global population trends, all of the following help in determining today's demand for various categories of goods EXCEPT:

A) historical population figures.
B) current population.
C) rural/urban population shifts.
D) rates of growth.
E) age levels.

Question 68

According to the text, which of the following is one of the reasons for the decreasing birthrates in Europe and Japan?

A) Decreasing fertility rates of women in industrialized nations
B) More women are choosing careers instead of children
C) Modern work-life reduces potency of males in industrialized nations
D) Governments favor immigration to balance population requirements
E) Punitive measures for larger families lead to decreasing birthrates

Question 69

Discuss the Roosevelt Corollary.

Question 70

Which of the following best explains why petroleum-related products continue to dominate energy usage?

A) Petroleum's versatility and ease of storage and transport
B) Most governments still do not favor alternate fuels
C) Petrol is still the cheapest form of fuel
D) Petrol still remains the most efficient form of fuel
E) Increasing discoveries of petrol deposits are making petrol cheaper

Question 71

Which of the following reflects the view held by economists regarding population growth?

A) Fertility rates increase proportionate to the rate of economic growth.
B) A decline in fertility rate is a function of economic prosperity.
C) A difference in the male-female ratio heavily influences the fertility rate.
D) Developing nations tend to have lower population growth rates compared to developed nations.
E) Increased global trade and migration will eventually even-out population growth rates across different nations.

Question 72

According to experts, going by the current rate of growth, what is the expected population of the world by the year 2050?

A) 3.5 billion
B) 4.2 billion
C) 6 billion
D) 7.3 billion
E) 8 billion

Question 73

Which of the following is the region of the world most affected by aging and thus by a steadily decreasing worker-to-retiree ratio?

A) Africa
B) The United States
C) China
D) Asia
E) Europe

Question 74

According to the text, which is the most important deterrent to population control?

A) Financial benefits of having large families
B) Poor enforcement mechanism
C) Lack of awareness about population trends
D) Government welfare schemes for the homeless/orphans
E) Cultural attitudes about the importance of large families

Question 75

According to latest estimates, what proportion of the world lives in cities?

A) About two-thirds
B) Less than 25 percent
C) More than 40 percent
D) Approximately half
E) Approximately one-third

Question 76

Discuss sustainable development.

Question 77

What formed the basis for U.S. foreign policy during much of the 19th and 20th centuries?

Question 78

Contrast the American and Mexican perspective on the Monroe Doctrine. Which popular statement typifies the difference between the perspectives?
F. Kennedy's proclamation during a visit to Mexico that "Geography has made us neighbors, tradition has made us friends." North Americans may be surprised to learn that most Mexicans "felt it more accurate to say 'Geography has made us closer, tradition has made us far apart.' "

Question 79

Briefly list the various aspects of geography that influences economic activity.

Question 80

The part of the world with the largest portion of people over 65 years is also the part of the world with the fewest number of people under age 15 years. Which of the following could be a possible result of this disparity?

A) A conscious effort to slow down rapid urbanization and industrialization.
B) A larger focus on automation and technology in industries.
C) A heavy tax burden on future workers.
D) An increased focus on higher birthrates through incentives.
E) Governments will encourage citizens to migrate to other nations.