Deck 22: Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
It is recommended that each construct be measured by using at least three observed variables.
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لقلب البطاقة.
سؤال
SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the difference between the observed and
estimated covariance matrices.
سؤال
SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the sum of squares between constructs.
سؤال
Having at least three observed variables for each latent construct is a way to help make sure
that the model is identified.
سؤال
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be be assigned a value of 1.
سؤال
Measured variables or indicators are the actual items that are measured using a survey
questionnaire.
سؤال
SEM analysis is based on raw data, rather than a correlation or covariance.
سؤال
An exogenous construct is represented in an structural path model as a box with one-headed arrows going into it.
سؤال
The confirmatory factor analysis is used to verify the factor structure of a set of observed
variables.
سؤال
An exogenous construct is represented in an structural path model as a an oval with no
one-headed arrows going into it.
سؤال
SEM models are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function.
سؤال
Dependence relationships are represented with one-headed straight arrows in a path model.
سؤال
Dependence relationships are represented with two-headed curved arrows in a path model.
سؤال
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be "free."
سؤال
Generally, we use SEM to find a suitable model.
سؤال
Constructs are the actual items that are measured using a survey questionnaire.
سؤال
SEM is distinguished by the explaining of the covariance among the measured items or
observed variables.
سؤال
A construct is an unobservable or latent variable that can be defined in conceptual terms that
can be measured directly.
سؤال
SEM is a procedure for estimating a series of dependence relationships among a set of concepts or constructs represented by multiple measured variables and incorporated in to an integrated model.
سؤال
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be "fixed."
سؤال
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the exogenous constructs each
become endogenous.
سؤال
The impact of the average error variance of indicators can be understood in terms of communality.
سؤال
A 0.90 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
سؤال
GFI of .95 or higher is a way to help make sure that the model is identified.
سؤال
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the error terms are correlated
with each other.
سؤال
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the emphasis shifts from the
relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs.
سؤال
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the endogenous constructs
become exogenous.
سؤال
Construct validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.
سؤال
NFI is an incremental fit index.
سؤال
RMSR is an absolute fit index.
سؤال
The baseline model that is commonly used is the null model that is based on the assumption
that the observed variables are uncorrelated.
سؤال
RNI is a parsimony fit index.
سؤال
A 0.04 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
سؤال
RMSEA is an incremental fit index.
سؤال
TLI is an absolute fit index.
سؤال
TFI is a fit measure used in SEM
سؤال
Convergent validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a
construct definition.
سؤال
CFI is an incremental fit index.
سؤال
A 0.07 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
سؤال
CFI is an absolute fit index.
سؤال
The specification of which variables load on which factors is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.
سؤال
Path analysis can be viewed as a special case of SEM.
سؤال
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and multiple regression analysis.
سؤال
________ are the actual items that are measured using a survey questionnaire.

A)Constructs
B)Measured variables or indicators
C)Latent factors
D)Observed factors
E)Estimated Parameter
سؤال
A proposed structural model involves four constructs, two of which are exogenous. X1 and
X2 together cause Y1, which in turn causes Y2. This model is recursive.
سؤال
A sample size of 1000 is used to test a structural model of advertising effectiveness for the
Coca-Cola company. The results show that a significant relationship exists between advertising effectiveness and sales. The estimated value of the standardized path estimate is .035. The Coca-Cola management dismisses the finding because the relationship is trivial.
سؤال
SEM can be thought of as a combination of Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.
سؤال
A proposed structural model involves three constructs, one of which are exogenous. X1 causes Y1, which in turn causes Y2. This model is nonrecursive.
سؤال
Once the validity of the measurement model has been established, you can proceed with the
specification of structural model.
سؤال
Which of the following is true about Structural Equation Modeling?

A)In SEM, the constructs are unobservable or latent factors that are representative by multiple variables.
B)SEM explicitly takes into account the measurement error.
C)SEM is mainly used as an exploratory technique.
D)A and B are true
E)A, B, and C are true.
سؤال
The size of the loading estimates considered significant is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.
سؤال
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and ANOVA.
سؤال
Which of the following are true regarding exogenous constructs?

A)An exogenous construct is the latent, multi-item equivalent of an independent variable in traditional multivariate analysis.
B)An exogenous construct is determined by factors outside of the model.
C)Graphically, an exogenous construct does not have any paths coming to it.
D)A and C are correct.
E)A, B, and C are correct.
سؤال
RMSR statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
سؤال
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and Exploratory factor analysis.
سؤال
SEM can be thought of as a combination of Discriminant analysis and cluster analysis.
سؤال
PNFI statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
سؤال
Δχ2 statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
سؤال
In SEM, the posited relationships between constructs are tested similarly to the way they are tested using cluster analysis.
سؤال
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of SEM?

A)The estimation of multiple and interrelated dependence relationships simultaneously in a single analysis.
B)The explaining of the covariance among the measured items or observed variables.
C)The ability to discriminate multiple groups in a single analysis.
D)A and B.
E)A, B, and C.
سؤال
SEM has the following characteristics:

A)representation of constructs as unobservable or latent factors in dependence relationships.
B)estimation of multiple and interrelated dependence relationships incorporated in an integrated model.
C)incorporation of measurement error in an explicit manner.
D)explanation of covariance among the observed variables.
E)All of the above
سؤال
Which of the following steps are involved in conducting SEM?

A)Define the individual constructs.
B)Specify the measurement model.
C)Assess measurement model reliability and validity.
D)Specify the structural model if the measurement model is valid.
E)All of the above.
سؤال
Dependence relationships are represented with ________ in a path model.

A)two-headed straight arrows
B)two-headed curved arrows
C)ovals
D)boxes
E)None of the above
سؤال
Which is not an absolute fit index?

A)CFI
B)SRMR
C)NFI
D)Chi-square
E)A and C
سؤال
Which statistic is most useful for comparing nested models?

A)Δχ2
B)AGFI
C)RMSR
D)NNFI
E)PNFI
سؤال
Which of the following is not a fit measure?

A)RMSR
B)SRMR
C)GFI
D)TFI
E)CFI
سؤال
How is an exogenous construct represented in an structural path model?

A)It is represented by a box with one-headed arrows going into it.
B)It is represented by a box with one-headed arrows going into it and two headed arrows.
C)It is represented by an oval with no arrows.
D)The construct is represented by an oval with no one-headed arrows going into it.
E)None of the above
سؤال
Which is a way to help make sure that the model is identified?

A)have at least three observed variables for each latent construct
B)have all formative indicators
C)a GFI of .95 or higher
D)a large sample size
E)none of the above
سؤال
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two constructs should be ________.

A)free
B)fixed
C)assigned a value of 1
D)estimated
E)None of the above
سؤال
Which is not an incremental fit index?

A)GFI
B)NFI
C)CFI
D)RMSR
E)A and D
سؤال
SEM models are estimated so as to:

A)maximize the likelihood function.
B)minimize the difference between the observed and estimated covariance matrices.
C)minimize the sum of squares between constructs.
D)minimize the least squared difference.
E)A and C
سؤال
In a tests of a structural model, the path between store preference and store patronage has a coefficient of .85. What does this provide evidence of?

A)time order of occurrence
B)nonspurious association
C)absence of other casual factors
D)the hypothesis that preference causes store patronage is supported
E)None of the above
سؤال
Which of the following are true regarding SEM models?

A)A SEM model consists of two models: the measurement model and the structural model.
B)The measurement model depicts how the observed variable represent constructs.
C)The observed variables are measured by researcher.
D)A structural model shows how the constructs are interrelated to each other, often with multiple dependence relationships.
E)All of the above.
سؤال
A proposed structural model involves four constructs, two of which are exogenous. X1 and X2 together cause Y1, which in turn causes Y2. What term describes this model?

A)descriptive
B)empirical
C)nonrecursive
D)recursive
E)None of the above
سؤال
Which of the following value(s)for RMSEA are considered conservative?

A)0)04
B)0)06
C)0)90
D)0)99
E)A and B
سؤال
The diagnostic cues that can be used to make appropriate modifications include:

A)the path estimates or loadings.
B)standardized residual.
C)modification indices.
D)specification search.
E)All of the above
سؤال
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model:

A)The error terms are correlated with each other.
B)The emphasis shifts from the relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs.
C)The exogenous constructs each become endogenous.
D)The endogenous constructs become exogenous.
E)None of the above
سؤال
Model fit includes the following steps:

A)Produce correlations or covariances among the items.
B)Estimate the covariance matrix between the observed variables based on the proposed measurement and structural models.
C)Model fit is determined by comparing how closely the estimated covariance matrix matches the observed covariance matrix.
D)Examine the residuals.
E)All of the above.
سؤال
The validity of the measurement model depends on:

A)Goodness-of-fit results.
B)Composite reliability.
C)Convergent validity.
D)Discriminant validity.
E)All of the above
سؤال
________ is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.

A)Nomological validity
B)Composite reliability
C)Convergent validity
D)Discriminant validity
E)None of the above
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 22: Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis
1
It is recommended that each construct be measured by using at least three observed variables.
True
2
SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the difference between the observed and
estimated covariance matrices.
True
3
SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the sum of squares between constructs.
False
4
Having at least three observed variables for each latent construct is a way to help make sure
that the model is identified.
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5
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be be assigned a value of 1.
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6
Measured variables or indicators are the actual items that are measured using a survey
questionnaire.
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7
SEM analysis is based on raw data, rather than a correlation or covariance.
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8
An exogenous construct is represented in an structural path model as a box with one-headed arrows going into it.
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9
The confirmatory factor analysis is used to verify the factor structure of a set of observed
variables.
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10
An exogenous construct is represented in an structural path model as a an oval with no
one-headed arrows going into it.
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11
SEM models are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function.
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12
Dependence relationships are represented with one-headed straight arrows in a path model.
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13
Dependence relationships are represented with two-headed curved arrows in a path model.
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14
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be "free."
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15
Generally, we use SEM to find a suitable model.
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16
Constructs are the actual items that are measured using a survey questionnaire.
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17
SEM is distinguished by the explaining of the covariance among the measured items or
observed variables.
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18
A construct is an unobservable or latent variable that can be defined in conceptual terms that
can be measured directly.
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19
SEM is a procedure for estimating a series of dependence relationships among a set of concepts or constructs represented by multiple measured variables and incorporated in to an integrated model.
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20
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two
constructs should be "fixed."
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21
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the exogenous constructs each
become endogenous.
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22
The impact of the average error variance of indicators can be understood in terms of communality.
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23
A 0.90 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
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24
GFI of .95 or higher is a way to help make sure that the model is identified.
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25
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the error terms are correlated
with each other.
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26
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the emphasis shifts from the
relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs.
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27
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the endogenous constructs
become exogenous.
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28
Construct validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.
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29
NFI is an incremental fit index.
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30
RMSR is an absolute fit index.
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31
The baseline model that is commonly used is the null model that is based on the assumption
that the observed variables are uncorrelated.
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32
RNI is a parsimony fit index.
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33
A 0.04 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
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34
RMSEA is an incremental fit index.
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35
TLI is an absolute fit index.
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36
TFI is a fit measure used in SEM
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37
Convergent validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a
construct definition.
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38
CFI is an incremental fit index.
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39
A 0.07 value for RMSEA is considered conservative.
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40
CFI is an absolute fit index.
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41
The specification of which variables load on which factors is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.
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42
Path analysis can be viewed as a special case of SEM.
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43
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and multiple regression analysis.
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44
________ are the actual items that are measured using a survey questionnaire.

A)Constructs
B)Measured variables or indicators
C)Latent factors
D)Observed factors
E)Estimated Parameter
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45
A proposed structural model involves four constructs, two of which are exogenous. X1 and
X2 together cause Y1, which in turn causes Y2. This model is recursive.
فتح الحزمة
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فتح الحزمة
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46
A sample size of 1000 is used to test a structural model of advertising effectiveness for the
Coca-Cola company. The results show that a significant relationship exists between advertising effectiveness and sales. The estimated value of the standardized path estimate is .035. The Coca-Cola management dismisses the finding because the relationship is trivial.
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47
SEM can be thought of as a combination of Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.
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48
A proposed structural model involves three constructs, one of which are exogenous. X1 causes Y1, which in turn causes Y2. This model is nonrecursive.
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49
Once the validity of the measurement model has been established, you can proceed with the
specification of structural model.
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50
Which of the following is true about Structural Equation Modeling?

A)In SEM, the constructs are unobservable or latent factors that are representative by multiple variables.
B)SEM explicitly takes into account the measurement error.
C)SEM is mainly used as an exploratory technique.
D)A and B are true
E)A, B, and C are true.
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51
The size of the loading estimates considered significant is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.
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52
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and ANOVA.
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53
Which of the following are true regarding exogenous constructs?

A)An exogenous construct is the latent, multi-item equivalent of an independent variable in traditional multivariate analysis.
B)An exogenous construct is determined by factors outside of the model.
C)Graphically, an exogenous construct does not have any paths coming to it.
D)A and C are correct.
E)A, B, and C are correct.
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54
RMSR statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
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55
SEM can be thought of as a combination of MANOVA and Exploratory factor analysis.
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56
SEM can be thought of as a combination of Discriminant analysis and cluster analysis.
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57
PNFI statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
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58
Δχ2 statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.
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59
In SEM, the posited relationships between constructs are tested similarly to the way they are tested using cluster analysis.
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60
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of SEM?

A)The estimation of multiple and interrelated dependence relationships simultaneously in a single analysis.
B)The explaining of the covariance among the measured items or observed variables.
C)The ability to discriminate multiple groups in a single analysis.
D)A and B.
E)A, B, and C.
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61
SEM has the following characteristics:

A)representation of constructs as unobservable or latent factors in dependence relationships.
B)estimation of multiple and interrelated dependence relationships incorporated in an integrated model.
C)incorporation of measurement error in an explicit manner.
D)explanation of covariance among the observed variables.
E)All of the above
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62
Which of the following steps are involved in conducting SEM?

A)Define the individual constructs.
B)Specify the measurement model.
C)Assess measurement model reliability and validity.
D)Specify the structural model if the measurement model is valid.
E)All of the above.
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63
Dependence relationships are represented with ________ in a path model.

A)two-headed straight arrows
B)two-headed curved arrows
C)ovals
D)boxes
E)None of the above
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64
Which is not an absolute fit index?

A)CFI
B)SRMR
C)NFI
D)Chi-square
E)A and C
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65
Which statistic is most useful for comparing nested models?

A)Δχ2
B)AGFI
C)RMSR
D)NNFI
E)PNFI
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66
Which of the following is not a fit measure?

A)RMSR
B)SRMR
C)GFI
D)TFI
E)CFI
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67
How is an exogenous construct represented in an structural path model?

A)It is represented by a box with one-headed arrows going into it.
B)It is represented by a box with one-headed arrows going into it and two headed arrows.
C)It is represented by an oval with no arrows.
D)The construct is represented by an oval with no one-headed arrows going into it.
E)None of the above
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68
Which is a way to help make sure that the model is identified?

A)have at least three observed variables for each latent construct
B)have all formative indicators
C)a GFI of .95 or higher
D)a large sample size
E)none of the above
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69
When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other, the path between those two constructs should be ________.

A)free
B)fixed
C)assigned a value of 1
D)estimated
E)None of the above
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70
Which is not an incremental fit index?

A)GFI
B)NFI
C)CFI
D)RMSR
E)A and D
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71
SEM models are estimated so as to:

A)maximize the likelihood function.
B)minimize the difference between the observed and estimated covariance matrices.
C)minimize the sum of squares between constructs.
D)minimize the least squared difference.
E)A and C
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72
In a tests of a structural model, the path between store preference and store patronage has a coefficient of .85. What does this provide evidence of?

A)time order of occurrence
B)nonspurious association
C)absence of other casual factors
D)the hypothesis that preference causes store patronage is supported
E)None of the above
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73
Which of the following are true regarding SEM models?

A)A SEM model consists of two models: the measurement model and the structural model.
B)The measurement model depicts how the observed variable represent constructs.
C)The observed variables are measured by researcher.
D)A structural model shows how the constructs are interrelated to each other, often with multiple dependence relationships.
E)All of the above.
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74
A proposed structural model involves four constructs, two of which are exogenous. X1 and X2 together cause Y1, which in turn causes Y2. What term describes this model?

A)descriptive
B)empirical
C)nonrecursive
D)recursive
E)None of the above
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75
Which of the following value(s)for RMSEA are considered conservative?

A)0)04
B)0)06
C)0)90
D)0)99
E)A and B
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76
The diagnostic cues that can be used to make appropriate modifications include:

A)the path estimates or loadings.
B)standardized residual.
C)modification indices.
D)specification search.
E)All of the above
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77
In moving from the measurement model to the structural model:

A)The error terms are correlated with each other.
B)The emphasis shifts from the relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs.
C)The exogenous constructs each become endogenous.
D)The endogenous constructs become exogenous.
E)None of the above
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78
Model fit includes the following steps:

A)Produce correlations or covariances among the items.
B)Estimate the covariance matrix between the observed variables based on the proposed measurement and structural models.
C)Model fit is determined by comparing how closely the estimated covariance matrix matches the observed covariance matrix.
D)Examine the residuals.
E)All of the above.
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79
The validity of the measurement model depends on:

A)Goodness-of-fit results.
B)Composite reliability.
C)Convergent validity.
D)Discriminant validity.
E)All of the above
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80
________ is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.

A)Nomological validity
B)Composite reliability
C)Convergent validity
D)Discriminant validity
E)None of the above
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