Question 1

CDK2 is the partner for both cyclins:&#10;A)A and E.&#10;B)D and E.&#10;C)A and B.&#10;D)D and B.

Accepted Answer

Cyclin E binds to CDK2 at the end of G₁.This interaction is required for the cell to commit to DNA replication and advances the cell into S-phase.Cyclin A binds to CDK2 during S-phase and this interaction is required to initiate the G₂ to M transition.See Table 2-2.

Question 2

Phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy are processes that are performed by the&#10;A)Golgi bodies.&#10;B)ribosomes.&#10;C)nucleus.&#10;D)lysosomes.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes degrade extracellular materials taken up by the cell through three main processes; phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy.

Question 3

Which are the three main cell cycle checkpoints? A)G_1,restriction, and metaphase/anaphase B)G₁, G₂/M, and mitotic spindle C)G₁, G₂/M, and anaphase/telophase D)Restriction, DMA damage, and anaphase/telophase

Accepted Answer

In addition to the complicated series of steps and layers of regulation discussed above, there are three main cell cycle checkpoints: the G₁ (or restriction checkpoint), the G₂/M checkpoint (or the DNA damage checkpoint), and the mitotic spindle checkpoint (also called the metaphase/anaphase checkpoint).These control mechanisms can detect errors that may have occurred (e.g., DNA replication errors or chromosomes that did not segregate properly) and halt progression of the cell cycle at specific points, giving the cells an opportunity to correct any errors before they are passed on to the daughter cells.

Question 4

Which of the following is an organelle of a eukaryotic cell?&#10;A)Photolipid&#10;B)Cisternae&#10;C)Centrosome&#10;D)Endocyte

Accepted Answer

The centrosome is the main site of microtubule assembly in the cell and is therefore referred to as the microtubule organizing center.

Question 5

All of the following are viruses linked to cancer, EXCEPT&#10;A)influenza A.&#10;B)hepatitis B.&#10;C)human papilloma virus (HPV).&#10;D)Epstein-Barr.

Accepted Answer

Influenza A is not linked as being a cancer-causing virus.

Question 6

An organelle composed of a network of interconnected, closed, membrane-bounded vesicles that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane is the&#10;A)Golgi body.&#10;B)endoplasmic reticulum.&#10;C)centrosome.&#10;D)lysosome.

Accepted Answer

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle composed of a network of interconnected, closed, membrane-bounded vesicles that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

Question 7

The phases of mitosis are A)interphase, metaphase, synthesis, and replication. B)telophase, mitosis, interphase, and S-phase. C)G₀, G₁, interphase, and S-phase. D)prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is divided into four separate steps, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, that are summarized in Table 2.1.

Question 8

The three steps of the transcription process are&#10;A)initiation, elongation, and termination.&#10;B)interphase, prophase, and telophase.&#10;C)expression, translation, and suppression.&#10;D)synthesis, regulation, and termination.

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process by which a gene is transcribed into mRNA.The three steps of this process are initiation, elongation, and termination.

Question 9

The large organelle often referred to as &#34;the control center&#34; of the cell is the&#10;A)lysosome.&#10;B)nucleus.&#10;C)centrosome.&#10;D)Golgi body.

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is the large organelle that is often referred to as "the control center" of the cell.

Question 10

The process by which a gene is used as a template to transcribe messenger RNA (mRNA) is termed:&#10;A)gene mutation.&#10;B)gene expression.&#10;C)regulation.&#10;D)post-translation modification.

Accepted Answer

Gene expression is often described as the process by which a gene is used as a template to produce (transcribe) mRNA.

Question 11

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into a protein within the __________ of eukaryotic cell.&#10;A)nucleus&#10;B)mitochondria&#10;C)ribosome&#10;D)Golgi body

Accepted Answer

The answer of Messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into a...

Question 12

Which term describes a group of diseases in which cells no longer respond to the normal constraints placed on their proliferation and instead grow indefinitely?&#10;A)Metastasis&#10;B)Angiogenesis&#10;C)Cancer&#10;D)Mutation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term describes a group of diseases...

Question 13

All of the following are the groups of genes associated with cancer, EXCEPT&#10;A)proto-oncogenes.&#10;B)angiosynthesis genes.&#10;C)tumor suppressor genes.&#10;D)DNA repair genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are the groups...

Question 14

Which term denotes the process by which a gene is transformed into messenger RNA (mRNA)?&#10;A)Transcription&#10;B)Initiation&#10;C)Translation&#10;D)Synthesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term denotes the process by which...

Question 15

All of the following are steps in gene expression, EXCEPT&#10;A)transcription.&#10;B)translation.&#10;C)termination.&#10;D)post-transcriptional modifications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are steps in...

Deck 2: Cell and Molecular Biology