Deck 19: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Systole represents the

A)period of ventricular relaxation.
B)period of ventricular contraction.
C)period of atrial contraction.
D)cardiac output.

Answer 1

period of ventricular contraction.

Question 2

Myocardial perfusion imaging is performed to

A)determine ejection fraction.
B)record the rate of delivery of a bolus injection.
C)detect the location and extent of ischemia.
D)evaluate wall motion of the ventricles.

Answer 2

detect the location and extent of ischemia.

Question 3

When performing a myocardial perfusion exercise stress test, ideally the radiopharmaceutical should be injected at

A)the beginning of stress.
B)peak stress and the exercise continued for 1 to 2 minutes.
C)peak stress and the exercise terminated immediately.
D)1 to 2 minutes after peak stress and the exercise terminated within 1 minute.

Answer 3

peak stress and the exercise continued for 1 to 2 minutes.

Question 4

A patient with a history of bronchospasmatic disease arrives for a pharmacological myocardial stress test.The technologist will most likely perform the study using

A)exercise stress.
B)dipyridamole.
C)adenosine.
D)dobutamine.

Question 5

Rubidium-82 (⁸²Rb) behaves physiologically similar to

A)strontium-82.
B)technetium-99m.
C)thallium-201.
D)oxygen-15.

Question 6

A bull's-eye display of myocardial perfusion data is constructed by stacking reconstructed/reoriented

A)slices of all axis slices.
B)vertical long-axis slices.
C)horizontal long-axis slices.
D)short-axis slices.

Question 7

In cardiac SPECT imaging, the transverse slices are reoriented along the

A)long axis of the left ventricle.
B)short axis of the left ventricle.
C)horizontal axis of the left ventricle.
D)vertical long axis.

Question 8

In comparison with the Bruce protocol, when using a modified Bruce protocol for myocardial stress imaging, it is important to remember that

A)the patient will not achieve the necessary heart rate.
B)it will take longer for the patient to achieve the necessary heart rate.
C)pharmacological agents will be necessary to achieve the necessary heart rate.
D)it will take a shorter time for the patient to achieve the necessary heart rate.

Question 9

When comparing the use of technetium agents with thallium for the purposes of performing myocardial perfusion imaging, technetium agents

A)require the same 2-day protocol used for thallium.
B)have a slightly faster blood clearance rate than thallium.
C)have minimal redistribution when compared to thallium.
D)have a higher myocardial extraction than thallium.

Question 10

In a bull's-eye display of SPECT myocardial perfusion images, the apex of the ventricle appears

A)on the left periphery.
B)on the top.
C)on the bottom.
D)in the center.

Question 11

Clearance or redistribution of thallium takes place

A)immediately post injection.
B)immediately post injection during stress.
C)over the course of 30 minutes to 1 hour post injection.
D)over the course of about 4 hours post injection.

Question 12

The quantity of blood in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation is called

A)stroke volume.
B)cardiac output.
C)end-systolic volume.
D)end-diastolic volume.

Question 13

The major categories of radiopharmaceuticals used in cardiac imaging include all of the following EXCEPT

A)perfusion tracers.
B)blood pool tracers.
C)glucose and fatty acid analogs.
D)phosphorous analogs.

Question 14

In cardiac SPECT imaging, the short axis view corresponds to

A)sagittal views, presented from the apex to the base.
B)coronal images, presented from the septum to the lateral wall.
C)septal images, presented from the septum to the posterior wall.
D)transverse sections, presented from the inferior to the anterior surface.

Question 15

In cardiac SPECT imaging, the vertical long-axis view corresponds to

A)sagittal views, presented from the apex to the base.
B)coronal images, presented from the septum to the lateral wall.
C)septal images, presented from the septum to the posterior wall.
D)transverse sections, presented from the inferior to the anterior surface.

Question 16

In cardiac SPECT imaging, the horizontal long-axis view corresponds to

A)sagittal views, presented from the apex to the base.
B)coronal images, presented from the septum to the lateral wall.
C)septal images, presented from the septum to the posterior wall.
D)transverse sections, presented from the inferior to the anterior surface.

Question 17

The amount of blood ejected in a single beat is called the

A)stroke volume.
B)cardiac output.
C)end-systolic volume.
D)end-diastolic volume.

Question 18

When performing a pharmacological myocardial stress test using adenosine, the drug that must be available if needed to reverse the effects of adenosine is

A)xanthine.
B)atropine.
C)morphine.
D)aminophylline.

Question 19

For myocardial SPECT imaging, often the technologist will position the patient

A)supine with the left arm above the head.
B)on their right side with the left arm above the head.
C)on their left side with the right arm above the head.
D)prone with the right arm above the head.

Question 20

In myocardial perfusion imaging, after high-level stress exercise it is recommended that SPECT imaging begin when respiration has returned to normal to avoid

A)bradycardia effects.
B)upward creep.
C)attenuation by the stomach.
D)an increase in background uptake.

Question 21

To allow for a repeat study, a radiopharmaceutical used to acquire a first-pass study is

A)(^99m)Tc-tetrofosmin.
B)(^99m)Tc-sestamibi.
C)(^99m)Tc-teboroxime.
D)(^99m)Tc-DTPA.

Question 22

When performing equilibrium-gated blood pool studies to determine cardiac function, the preferred tracer is

A)thallium-201 chloride.
B)technetium-99m-labeled tetrofosmin.
C)radiolabeled autologous RBCs.
D)technetium-99m-labeled sestamibi.

Question 23

In a phase analysis of a cardiac wall motion study, the amplitude represents the

A)timing of the changes.
B)amount of change.
C)area of dyskinesis.
D)cardiac output.

Question 24

When performing PET in a patient with a history of coronary disease and multiple infarcts, myocardial perfusion imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), FDG reflects the relatively

A)decreased utilization of glucose in regions of ischemic tissue.
B)increased utilization of glucose in regions of decreased perfusion.
C)increased utilization of glucose in regions of scarred tissue.
D)decreased utilization of glucose in surrounding tissue.

Question 25

When performing equilibrium-gated blood pool studies, the computer is programmed to have the first frame of data recorded at the

A)R wave.
B)Q wave.
C)QRS complex.
D)T wave.

Question 26

When performing equilibrium-gated blood pool imaging, temporal smoothing should be used only when

A)the heart rate is regular.
B)the heart rate is erratic.
C)premature contractions are detected.
D)there are tall P waves in the cardiac cycle.

Question 27

When processing an equilibrium-gated blood pool study, subtraction of too much background results in a falsely

A)elevated ejection fraction.
B)depressed ejection fraction.
C)equivocal ejection fraction.
D)normal ejection fraction.

Question 28

The left ventricular ejection fraction, expressed as a percentage, for a patient with net end-systolic counts of 11,500 and net end-diastolic counts of 30,800 would be

A)13%.
B)17%.
C)37%.
D)63%.

Question 29

When fusing PET and CT or SPECT and CT images of the heart, misregistration can be overcome by taking several steps, including

A)equating the acquisition time between CT and PET or SPECT.
B)blurring the CT data.
C)acquiring PET or SPECT images over a longer period of time.
D)blurring the PET or SPECT data.