Question 1

In the evaluation of primary bone neoplasms, bone scans&#10;A)are the first step in diagnosis.&#10;B)are used to detect disease elsewhere.&#10;C)are used instead of radiographs for diagnosis.&#10;D)demonstrate the primary bone neoplasm as a photopenic area.

Accepted Answer

The value of bone scanning in patients with primary bone malignancy lies in the detection of the disease elsewhere.Usually the patient has already had a radiograph and the extent of the abnormality on the bone scan is generally not much different.

Question 2

Fluorine-18 is an analog of&#10;A)calcium.&#10;B)phosphorous.&#10;C)hydroxyl.&#10;D)technetium.

Accepted Answer

Fluorine-18 (¹⁸F) is a hydroxyl analog.

Question 3

A nomogram is used for&#10;A)determining proper scan speed.&#10;B)determining proper ID.&#10;C)determining equal-time imagery.&#10;D)determining sites of superimposition.

Accepted Answer

The scan speed is determined by one of several techniques; most camera manufacturers supply a table, chart, or nomogram for determining the proper scan speed, based on the desired ID in the image and the count rate from the patient.

Question 4

Strontium is an analog of&#10;A)calcium.&#10;B)phosphorous.&#10;C)hydroxyl.&#10;D)technetium.

Accepted Answer

Strontium-85 (⁸⁵Sr) is a calcium analog.

Question 5

Patients having a bone scan should be hydrated between injection and delayed imaging in order to&#10;A)increase heterionic exchange.&#10;B)aid clearance of the radiopharmaceutical from body.&#10;C)aid the osseous phase of the study.&#10;D)increase clarity of the blood pool image.

Accepted Answer

Unless contraindicated, patients should be hydrated to aid clearance of the radiopharmaceutical from the body; administration of four to six glasses of liquid during the delay period is adequate.

Question 6

Equal-time imaging for bone scanning refers to the technique in which&#10;A)one area is imaged for preset counts with the time recorded and all subsequent images are taken for that same time interval.&#10;B)third- and fourth-phase images are taken for the same time interval.&#10;C)second- and third-phase images are taken for the same time interval.&#10;D)parameters are set so the same amount of time is used for each image in a flow sequence.

Accepted Answer

Commonly, multiple individual images (or spot views) are taken for an equal amount of time.Equal-time technique allows comparison of the film density in one image with that in another image, because the exposure is made for equal amounts of time.This method is effective as long as adequate statistics are achieved.First, one area of the body (e.g., the anterior or posterior view of the chest) is imaged for a preset number of counts and the time is recorded.Between 400,000 and 600,000 counts are accumulated for a standard-field camera, and between 500,000 and 1 million counts for a large-crystal camera.All subsequent images are taken for the same interval that had been recorded for the first image.

Question 7

Accumulation of radionuclides in the bone is related to both the rate of bone production and&#10;A)the type of bone.&#10;B)the type of analog.&#10;C)vascularity.&#10;D)amount of activity.

Accepted Answer

Once the material arrives at the bone, heterionic exchange of an ion native to bone for a labeled, bone-seeking ion occurs.Increased blood supply to an area of bone results in a blood pool image (obtained immediately after radiopharmaceutical administration) with increased activity.Localization of various bone-imaging agents is related to their exchange with ions in the bone.The principle of bone imaging relies on the exchange of an ion native to bone for a labeled, bone-seeking ion, a process called heterionic exchange.

Question 8

A bone scan image of a female patient shows radiopharmaceutical uptake in the breasts.The technologist should&#10;A)check to see if the patient was given the correct radiopharmaceutical.&#10;B)check for contamination.&#10;C)consider this to be a normal variant.&#10;D)check the patient's history of trauma to the chest.

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of the bone-imaging radiopharmaceuticals can occur in the normal female breast and with various diseases of the breast.

Question 9

For lytic lesions to be seen radiographically, the loss of mineral content of the bone must be approximately&#10;A)10%.&#10;B)20%.&#10;C)35%.&#10;D)50%.

Accepted Answer

Loss of approximately 50% of the mineral content of the bone must occur before lytic lesions are detected radiographically.

Question 10

Typically, skeletal metastatic disease has the greatest involvement in (the)&#10;A)appendicular skeleton.&#10;B)axial skeleton.&#10;C)areas of synarthrosis.&#10;D)areas of diarthrosis.

Accepted Answer

The usual pattern of skeletal metastatic disease is multiple focal lesions throughout the skeleton, with the greatest involvement generally in the axial skeleton.

Question 11

Visualization of the kidneys on a ^99mTc-MDP scan is considered A)abnormal, because ^99mTc-MDP is excreted via the bowel. B)normal, because ^99mTc-MDP is excreted via the urinary tract. C)abnormal and is indicative of calcifications. D)rarely seen because of uptake by the vertebra.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Visualization of the kidneys on a ^99mTc-MDP...

Question 12

What are the two types of bone tissue?&#10;A)Compact and spongy&#10;B)Spongy and trabecular&#10;C)Cortical and compact&#10;D)Trabecular and cortical

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two types of bone...

Question 13

Patients having a bone scan should be encouraged to void urine frequently between injection and delayed scanning to&#10;A)increase heterionic exchange.&#10;B)reduce the radiation dose to the bladder.&#10;C)aid the osseous phase of the scan.&#10;D)decrease risk of contamination during scan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients having a bone scan should be...

Question 14

Metastatic lesions that have no osteoblastic activity&#10;A)can be confused with a renal abnormality.&#10;B)are usually detected as a photon-rich area.&#10;C)are usually detected as a photon-deficient area.&#10;D)often result in breast uptake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metastatic lesions that have no osteoblastic activity&#10;A)can...

Question 15

A patient is entering the osseous phase of a routine three-phase bone scan.The technologist should&#10;A)prepare the room for a dynamic study.&#10;B)begin to take blood pool images.&#10;C)begin to take 2- to 3-hour delayed images.&#10;D)take 5- to 24-hour delayed images.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is entering the osseous phase...

Deck 22: Skeletal System