Deck 22: Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements Ii: Groups 18,17,16,15,and Hydrogen

Question 1

Choose the INCORRECT oxidation state for xenon in the listed molecule.

A)XeF₂/+2
B)XeO₃/+4
C)XeF₆/+6
D)XeO₄/+8
E)XeOF₂/+4

Answer 1

XeO₃/+4

Question 2

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
B)Group 17 (7A)are the halogens.
C)Halogens have relatively low melting and boiling points.
D)Fluorine is the most reactive halogen.
E)Fluorine has a low electronegativity and large radius.

Answer 2

Fluorine has a low electronegativity and large radius.

Question 3

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Xenon compounds in several different oxidation states have been formed.
B)The noble gas compounds are very stable.
C)Xenon compounds are excellent reducing agents.
D)The Noble gas (except helium)electron configuration has ns^2np6.
E)Although predicted in the 1930s,it was 1962 before noble gas compounds were made.

Answer 3

The noble gas compounds are very stable.

Question 4

Nitrogen is obtained from air by fractional distillation.

Question 5

The VSEPR theory predicts molecular shapes for the noble gas compounds.Which of these is correct?
I.XeF₂ is linear.
II.XeOF₂ is T-shaped.
III.XeF₄ is square planar.

A)I,II and III
B)I and II
C)I only
D)II only
E)III only

Question 6

Hydrogen bonded with any metals form compounds called ionic hydrides.

Question 7

Selenium is obtained by the Frasch process.

Question 8

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A)bromine
B)chlorine
C)fluorine
D)iodine
E)astatine

Question 9

Both bismuth and arsenic are obtained from their sulfide ores.

Question 10

Hydrogen compounds are called hybrids.

Question 11

"Halogen" means "soluble salts."

Question 12

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Compounds with xenon in several oxidation states have been formed.
B)The eight outer shell electrons cause chemical inertness.
C)Xenon reacts directly only with fluorine.
D)Noble gases exist as diatomic molecules.
E)Most noble gas compounds contain either fluorine or oxygen.

Question 13

The noble gas Xe is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.

Question 14

Bromine can be produced by:

A)oxidizing Cl₂ with Br^-
B)oxidizing Br^- with Cl₂
C)oxidizing Br^- with I₂
D)oxidizing I^- with Br^-
E)oxidizing F^- with Br^-

Question 15

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Argon forms compounds readily.
B)Argon,xenon,krypton,neon,helium,and radon are called noble gases.
C)Liquid helium is used to maintain low temperatures.
D)Metals that lose their electrical resistivity are called superconductors.
E)Radon is a radioactive element.

Question 16

Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?

A)bromine
B)fluorine
C)iodine
D)chlorine
E)astatine

Question 17

Oxygen is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.

Question 18

Halogen molecules are diatomic.

Question 19

The noble gas Xe is completely unreactive.

Question 20

Choose the INCORRECT name/symbol combination.

A)Xe xenon
B)Ne neon
C)Kr krypton
D)Ar argon
E)Ra radon

Question 21

What is one of the important uses of KClO₄?

A)explosives
B)adhesives
C)lubricants
D)metal finishing
E)skin cleaning

Question 22

Which element forms the largest variety of oxoanions?

A)S
B)Cl
C)P
D)Br
E)I

Question 23

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)H₂O has a high boiling point because of covalent bonding.
B)Sulfur can form S₈ molecules.
C)Compounds with O-O bonds are reactive.
D)H₂O is a bent molecule.
E)H₂O is a polar molecule.

Question 24

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A)carbon dioxide CO₂
B)potassium superoxide KO₂
C)dioxygen O₂
D)carbon monoxide C₂O
E)trioxygen O₃

Question 25

Using VSEPR theory,which of the following descriptions of probable molecular geometry is INCORRECT?

A)SF₆/octahedral
B)SiCl₄/tetrahedral
C)BF₃/trigonal planar
D)SnCl₄/tetrahedral
E)ClF₃/pyramidal

Question 26

Which of the following is found in Teflon,Freon-12,and in the acid commonly used to etch glass?

A)carbon
B)chlorine
C)fluorine
D)hydrogen
E)oxygen

Question 27

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Oleum is SO₃(g)dissolved in H₂SO₄.
B)Oleum is called fuming sulfuric acid.
C)Sulfuric and sulfurous acids are monoprotic.
D)Acid salts are compounds formed from polyprotic acids by neutralizing one hydrogen.
E)Thio in a name denotes that one oxygen is replaced by a sulfur.

Question 28

Iodine is only very slightly soluble in water,but it dissolves readily in an aqueous solution of sodium iodide,because molecular iodine acts as:

A)a Lewis base to form a coordinate covalent bond with Na⁺ ion
B)a reducing agent with water,to form the soluble I⁺ ion
C)an oxidizing agent with I^- ion to form the soluble I₃⁺ ion
D)a Lewis acid to form a coordinate covalent bond with I^- ion
E)a catalyst for the disproportionation of water

Question 29

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Perbromic acid is HBrO₄.
B)Bromite ion is BrO₂^-.
C)Iodate ion is IO₃^-.
D)Hypochlorite ion is ClO^-.
E)Hydrochloric acid is HClO₂.

Question 30

Which of the following forms a complete set of oxyacids in which it exhibits the oxidation states of +1,+3,+5,and +7?

A)fluorine
B)chlorine
C)bromine
D)iodine
E)astatine

Question 31

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The Frasch process is a method of mining sulfur.
B)Photoconductivity is the production of photons by the use of electricity.
C)Selenium displays the property of photoconductivity.
D)Polonium is a rare radioactive metal.
E)Sulfur is used in vulcanizing rubber,as a pesticide and to produce sulfuric acid.

Question 32

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Fluorine adopts the -1 oxidation state when it forms compounds.
B)In binary compounds with metals,the oxidation state of halogens is -1.
C)Halogen ions commonly exhibit a charge of +1.
D)Iodine can have oxidation states of +1,+3,+5 and +7 in compounds where iodine is bonded to oxygen and/or fluorine.
E)HClO is hypochlorous acid.

Question 33

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)By electrode potentials,fluorine is the least reactive halogen.
B)Chlorine is prepared industrially by the electrolysis of NaCl.
C)Fluorine is usually prepared by electrolysis.
D)Bromine can be extracted from seawater.
E)Iodine is obtained commercially from inland brines or from sodium iodate deposits.

Question 34

Which of these is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A)HClO₂
B)HClO₃
C)HClO₄
D)KClO₃
E)KClO₄

Question 35

HI(g)has a ΔG_f° that is small and positive,so HI should dissociate to some extent but its activation energy is high.HI(g)is stable at room temperature.Chemists would describe the reason for the very slow dissociation reaction as:

A)thermodynamically controlled
B)the ΔG_f° is wrong
C)the reaction is not slow
D)the reaction is kinetically controlled
E)the molecules can collide with each other

Question 36

Ozone and "ordinary" oxygen are examples of:

A)allotropes
B)isotopes
C)isomers
D)phalaropes
E)tropomers

Question 37

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Chlorofluorocarbon production has been banned by many countries.
B)Chlorine is used to make bleach,PVC,treat water,and make chemicals.
C)Bromine is used in fire retardants,pesticides,dyes,pharmaceuticals,and film.
D)Iodine is used in catalysts,medicine and film.
E)Fluorinated organic compounds are very reactive.

Question 38

Which of the following name/formula combinations is INCORRECT?

A)dioxygen/O₂
B)familiar oxygen/O
C)trioxygen/O₃
D)carbon dioxide/CO₂
E)potassium superoxide/KO₂

Question 39

Which of the following exists in more different allotropic forms than any other element?

A)xenon
B)tellurium
C)sulfur
D)phosphorus
E)oxygen

Question 40

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)HI is a strong acid
B)HF is a strong acid
C)HCl is a strong acid
D)HBr is a strong acid
E)HF will etch glass

Question 41

Which name/formula combination is INCORRECT?

A)tetrathionate/S₄O₆^2-
B)sulfurous acid/H₂SO₃
C)thiosulfate/S₂O₃^2-
D)calcium sulfite/CaSO₄
E)sodium sulfide/Na₂S

Question 42

Which of the following is stored under water because of its property of igniting spontaneously upon contact with air?

A)P₄ (white phosphorus)
B)S₈ (yellow sulfur)
C)Pb₃O₄ ("red lead")
D)K (potassium metal)
E)I₂ (crystalline iodine)

Question 43

Which of the following oxides is neither acidic nor amphoteric?

A)As₂O₅
B)Bi₂O₃
C)N₂O₃
D)P₄O₆
E)Sb₂O₃

Question 44

What is the molecular shape for XeF₂?

A)trigonal planar
B)tetrahedral
C)bent
D)linear
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 45

Which formula/name combination is INCORRECT?

A)NaN₃/sodium nitride
B)N₂H₄/hydrazine
C)HONH₂/hydroxylamine
D)Mg(N₃)₂/magnesium azide
E)PH₃/phosphine

Question 46

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Eutrophication is the process by which a freshwater body becomes filled with algae and depleted of fish.
B)Eutrophication can be hastened by phosphate fertilizers.
C)P₃H is phosphine.
D)Carbon has the allotropes,graphite and diamond.
E)Graphite can be used as a lubricant because layers of molecules slide over other layers of molecules.

Question 47

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Hydrogen occurs in more compounds than any other element.
B)The "water gas" reactions produce combustible gases (CO and H₂)from steam and C(s).
C)Metallic hydrides are always in fixed ratios of hydrogen to other elements.
D)Binary compounds of hydrogen are called hydrides.
E)Hydrogenation reactions are hydrogen added to double or triple bonds in presence of a catalyst.

Question 48

What is the molecular shape for XeOF₂?

A)trigonal planar
B)tetrahedral
C)trigonal bipyramid
D)T-shape
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 49

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Hydroxylammine,NH₂OH,is a weak acid.
B)Laughing gas,an anesthetic used in dentistry,is N₂O.
C)Nitrogen forms oxides with oxidation states that range between +1 and +5.
D)Azides contain the N₃^- ion.
E)An acid anhydride reacts with water to form an acid.

Question 50

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Sb and As are usually referred to as metalloids.
B)Nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of liquefied air.
C)Phosphorus is important in fertilizers.
D)As and Sb are used in semiconductor materials.
E)Nitrides are compounds of nitrogen in the 3+ oxidation state.

Question 51

Write the chemical equation for the reaction of potassium superoxide with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen.

A)KO(s)+ CO₂(g)→ O₂(g)+ K(s)+ CO(g)
B)K₂O(s)+ CO₂(g)→ O₂(g)+ K(s)+ KCO(s)
C)KO₂ + CO₂(g)→ 2 O₂(g)+ KC(s)
D)4 KO₂(s)+ 2 CO₂(g)→ 2 K₂CO₃(s)+ 3 O₂(g)
E)2 KO₂(s)+ CO₂(g)→ K₂C(s)+ 3O₂(g)

Question 52

Which element is in a family that contains a metal,a nonmetal,and a metalloid?

A)chlorine
B)nitrogen
C)iodine
D)calcium
E)none of these

Question 53

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A)hydrogen chloride HClO
B)sodium hydride NaH
C)sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO₃
D)calcium hydride CaH₂
E)dihydrogen H₂

Question 54

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Hydrazine is N₂H₂.
B)Hydroxylamine is NH₂OH.
C)Hydrazine and its derivatives are used as rocket fuels.
D)HN₃ is hydrazoic acid.
E)Nitrogen is a key element in organic and biochemical molecules.

Question 55

Define "hydrogenation reaction."

A)Hydrogen is produced chemically.
B)Double bonds are formed by removing hydrogen.
C)Hydrogen is removed from water.
D)Hydrogen is separated from other gases in air.
E)Hydrogen is added to carbon-carbon multiple bonds such that the bond order is reduced in the final product.

Question 56

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Acid anhydrides plus water generate an acid.
B)H₅P₃O₁₀ is diphosphoric acid or pyrophosphoric acid.
C)H₃PO₃ is phosphorous acid.
D)H₃PO₄ is phosphoric acid.
E)Phosphorus is very important in biochemistry as ADP and ATP.

Question 57

"Red" phosphorus is insoluble in carbon disulfide,has a broad melting range and a very low vapor pressure,and does not conduct electricity.This evidence suggests that this substance is probably:

A)crystalline and metallic
B)a crystal of P₄ molecule units
C)amorphous and polymeric
D)P⁴⁺ ions in a "sea" of electrons
E)cubic closest-packed unbonded P atoms

Question 58

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Industrial smog consists of ash,smoke,SO₂(g)and H₂SO₄ mist.
B)Group 15 (5A)is interesting because it has both nonmetals and metals in the family.
C)The Group 15 (5A)electron configuration is ns^2np3.
D)As,Sb,and Si occur in the -3 oxidation state.
E)P,Ar and Sb exhibit allotropy.

Question 59

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A)dinitrogen pentoxide N₂O₅
B)nitrogen monoxide NO
C)nitrogen dioxide N₂O₂
D)dinitrogen monoxide N₂O
E)nitric acid HNO₃

Question 60

The Frasch process for the production of elemental sulfur has been largely supplanted by a gas-phase process using the reduction of sulfur dioxide by:

A)H₂S(g)
B)H₂O(g)
C)CS₂(g)
D)H₂SO₄(g)
E)O₃(g)

Question 61

Given E°_red = 1.05 V for XO₄^-/XO₃^-,E°_red = 1.13 V for XO₃^-/X₂ and E°_red = 1.30 V for X₂/X^-,determine E°_red for XO₄^-/X^-.

A)0.435 V
B)1.13 V
C)3.48 V
D)2.05 V
E)1.16 V

Question 62

Write a balanced half equation for the following couple: HClO₂(aq)| Cl^-(aq) (acidic)

A)HClO₂(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Cl^-(aq)+ 3 H⁺(aq)+ 4 e^-
B)HClO₂(aq)+ 2 H⁺(aq)+ 2 e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)
C)HClO₂(aq)+ 3 H⁺(aq)+ 4 e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)
D)HClO₂(aq)+ 3 H⁺(aq)→ Cl^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ 4 e^-
E)HClO₂(aq)+ e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ H⁺(aq)+ O₂(g)

Question 63

What is the correct completion of the reaction: NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ →

A)NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ → NaC₂H₃ + HFO₂
B)NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ ⇌ HF + NaC₂H₃O₂
C)NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ ⇌ NaC₂O₂ + H₄F
D)NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ → NaH₃O₂ + HFC₂
E)NaF + HC₂H₃O₂ → no reaction

Question 64

"Chlorine-type" laundry bleaches are in reality aqueous solutions of ________.

A)NaOCl
B)NaClO₃
C)HOCl
D)HOClO₃
E)NaClO₂

Question 65

What is the correct completion of the reaction: X₂ + OH^- → where X is a halogen

A)X₂ + 2 OH^- → 2 XOH
B)X₂ + 4 OH^- → 2 X(OH)₂
C)X₂ + 2 OH^- → XO₂ + XH₂
D)X₂ + 2 OH^- → OX^- + X^- + H₂O
E)X₂ + OH^- → no reaction

Question 66

Write the equation for commercially extracting bromine from seawater.

A)Br₂(l)+ 2 Cl(aq)→ Cl₂(g)+ 2 Br^-(aq)
B)2 Br^-(aq)+ I₂(s)→ Br₂(l)+ 2 I^-(aq)
C)4 Br^-(aq)+ Cl₂(g)→ Br₂(l)+ 2 BrCl(aq)
D)2 Br^-(aq)+ F₂(g)→ Br₂(l)+ 2 F^-(aq)
E)2 Br^-(aq)+ Cl₂(g)→ Br₂(l)+ 2 Cl^-(aq)

Question 67

If a certain natural gas supply contains 2.13% helium by mass,what amount of the natural gas must be processed,at 96.2% efficiency of helium recovery,to produce sufficient helium to inflate 24 party balloons to a volume of 5.3 L each at an internal gas pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 23.7 °C?

A)1.28 kg
B)1.18 kg
C)1.09 kg
D)0.82 kg
E)0.75 kg

Question 68

The most reactive of the nonmetallic elements is ________.

A)xenon
B)nitrogen
C)iodine
D)helium
E)fluorine

Question 69

Give the molecular shape of BrO₃^-.

A)trigonal pyramidal
B)trigonal planar
C)tetrahedral
D)linear
E)octahedral

Question 70

On the average,air contains about 9.3 mL of argon per liter.What would be the partial pressure of argon in air when the barometric pressure is 780 Torr?

A)84 Torr
B)7.3 Torr
C)780 Torr
D)770 Torr
E)790 Torr

Question 71

What is the skeletal structure for chloric acid?

A) H-O-Cl-O-O
B)
C) H-O-O-Cl-O
D)
E)

Question 72

Write an equation for the oxidation in aqueous acidic solution of Mn²⁺(aq)to MnO₄^-(aq)by XeO₃(aq),which is reduced to Xe(g).

A)6 Mn²(aq)⁺ + 5 XeO₃(aq)→ 6 MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 Xe(g)
B)24 H₂O(l)+ 6 Mn²⁺(aq)+ 5 XeO₃(aq)→ 6 MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 Xe(g)+ 18 H⁺(aq)
C)H₂O(l)+ Mn²⁺(aq)+ XeO₃(aq)→ MnO₄^-(aq)+ Xe(g)+ 2 H⁺(aq)
D)24 H₂O(l)+ 6 Mn²⁺(aq)+ 5 XeO₃(aq)+ 30 H⁺(aq)→ 6 MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 Xe(g)+ 15 H₂O + 48 H⁺(aq)
E)9 H₂O(l)+ 6 Mn²⁺(aq)+ 5 XeO₃(aq)→ 6 MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 Xe(g)+ 18 H⁺(aq)

Question 73

The electron group geometry for XeF₂ is ________.

A)trigonal planar
B)trigonal bipyramid
C)bent
D)linear
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 74

Write a balanced half equation for the following couple: ClO₂^-(aq)| Cl^-(aq)(basic)

A)ClO₂^-(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)+ 4 e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ 4 OH^-(aq)
B)ClO₂^-(aq)+ 4 H⁺(aq)+ 4 e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)
C)ClO₂^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ OH^-(aq)
D)ClO₂^-(aq)+ H⁺(aq)+ e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)
E)ClO₂^-(aq)+ 4 H₂O(l)+ 8 e^- → Cl^-(aq)+ 4 OH^-(aq)

Question 75

In a reaction between XeO₃(aq)and Mn²⁺(aq)that occurred in 324 mL of aqueous solution,the gaseous Xe produced occupied a volume of 595 mL at STP.What is the molarity of the MnO₄^-(aq)solution resulting from the reaction?
9 H₂O(l)+ 6 Mn²⁺(aq)+ 5 XeO₃(aq)→ 6 MnO₄^-(aq)+ 5 Xe(g)+ 18 H⁺(aq)

A)0.0983 M
B)0.0683 M
C)0.00292 M
D)0.0820 M
E)0.00203 M

Question 76

What is the correct completion of the reaction: H₂ + X₂ → where X is a halogen

A)2 H₂ + X₂ → 2 H₂X
B)H₂ + 2 X₂ → 2 HX₂
C)H₂ + X₂ → 2 HX
D)H₂ + X₂ → H₂X₂
E)H₂ + X₂ → no reaction

Question 77

A bleaching solution can be prepared by bubbling chlorine gas through dilute sodium hydroxide:
Cl₂(g)+ 2 OH^-(aq)→ Cl^-(aq)+ OCl^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)
The chlorine required may be generated by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.What volume of 0.30 M hypochlorite solution could be prepared from the chlorine generated by such electrolysis using a current of 3.0 A for 25 minutes? Assume 100% efficiency.

A)78 mL
B)63 mL
C)40 mL
D)31 mL
E)26 mL

Question 78

What is the correct completion of the reaction: IO₃^-(aq)+ HSO₃^-(aq)→

A)IO₃^-(aq)+ 3 HSO₃^-(aq)→ I^-(aq)+ 3 SO₄^2-(aq)+ 3 H⁺(aq)
B)IO₃^-(aq)+ HSO₃^-(aq)→ IO₂^-(aq)+ HSO₄^-(aq)
C)2 IO₃^-(aq)+ 3 HSO₃^-(aq)→ I₂(s)+ HSO₄^-(aq)+ O₃^-(aq)
D)IO₃^-(aq)+ HSO₃^-(aq)→ IO₄^-(aq)+ HSO₂^-(aq)
E)IO₃^-(aq)+ 2 HSO₃^-(aq)→ S₂I(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ 4 O₂(g)

Question 79

Arrange the following in order of decreasing acid strength:
HClO₂,HClO₃,HClO,HClO₄

A)HClO₃ > HClO₂ > HClO > HClO₄
B)HClO > HClO₂ > HClO₃ > HClO₄
C)HClO₄ > HClO₃ > HClO₂ > HClO
D)HClO₂ > HClO > HClO₄ > HClO₃
E)HClO₃ > HClO > HClO₄ > HClO₂

Question 80

What is the formula for chloric acid?

A)HClO
B)HCl
C)HClO₃
D)HClO₂
E)HClO₄