Deck 28: The Building of Global Empires

Question 1

In 1824,Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of

A)Sydney.
B)Rangoon.
C)Manila.
D)Singapore.
E)Hong Kong.

Answer 1

Singapore.

Question 2

The Berlin West Africa Conference

A)set up a timetable for decolonization in Africa.
B)devised the ground rules for the European colonization of Africa.
C)ended the Crimean War.
D)established the Triple Alliance.
E)legitimized the German colonization of the Marshall Islands.

Answer 2

devised the ground rules for the European colonization of Africa.

Question 3

By 1900,the only part of southeast Asia NOT under European imperial rule was

A)Vietnam.
B)Cambodia.
C)Malaysia.
D)Siam.
E)Laos.

Answer 3

Siam.

Question 4

Which matching of imperial power and colony is NOT correct?

A)England and New Zealand
B)Germany and the Marshall Islands
C)France and the Marquesas
D)the United States and Fiji
E)France and Tahiti

Question 5

Who said,"We are the finest race in the world,and the more of the world we inhabit,the better it is for the human race"?

A)Simón Bolívar
B)Theodore Roosevelt
C)Ito Hirobumi
D)Cecil Rhodes
E)Otto von Bismarck

Question 6

The most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans was

A)Egypt.
B)Serbia.
C)Istanbul.
D)Greece.
E)Anatolia.

Question 7

The Congo Free State was established in the 1870s by

A)Italy.
B)Belgium.
C)England.
D)France.
E)Germany.

Question 8

The Abyssinian campaign of 1862 is an example of what phenomenon?

A)the successful overthrow by a European power of a foreign local government
B)an incidence in which popular support for colonization of a foreign land plummeted and led to withdrawal by the colonizing European power
C)a major local rebellion by colonized peoples that ultimately led to a withdrawal by the colonizing European power
D)the deployment of military force to take over foreign natural resources
E)use of a foreign event by a local party to whip up domestic nationalism and gain politically from it

Question 9

The colony of New South Wales was originally settled by about one thousand people,most of them

A)voluntary migrants.
B)gold prospectors.
C)convicted criminals.
D)religious zealots.
E)explorers.

Question 10

After the overthrow of Queen Lili`uokalani in 1893,the United States took over

A)the Philippines.
B)Cuba.
C)Hawai`i.
D)Guam.
E)Puerto Rico.

Question 11

The key figures behind the uprising in 1857 in India were

A)Russian military officials looking for an advantage in the Great Game.
B)disgruntled sepoy troops.
C)French agents working to cause unrest in an important British colony.
D)the representatives of the Indian National Congress.
E)American soldiers looking for an excuse to pry India away from British control.

Question 12

Muhammad Ali was the

A)most powerful leader of the Safavid dynasty.
B)last powerful Ottoman sultan.
C)founder of the Young Turks movement.
D)Ottoman ruler who tried to strengthen the empire while simultaneously crushing liberal reform.
E)leader who ended effective (if not nominal)Ottoman control in Egypt.

Question 13

Between 1859 and 1893,Vietnam,Cambodia,and Laos all fell under the control of

A)England.
B)France.
C)the Dutch.
D)Germany.
E)the United States.

Question 14

Submarine cables linked all parts of the British empire throughout the world by

A)1815.
B)1853.
C)1902.
D)1945.
E)1972.

Question 15

The leader of the Taiping rebellion was

A)Cixi.
B)Hong Xiuquan.
C)Kang Youwei.
D)Lin Zexu.
E)Ito Hirobumi.

Question 16

The battle of Omdurman

A)ensured British domination over New Zealand.
B)allowed France to establish a colony in Vietnam.
C)led to the collapse of the Ottoman empire.
D)opened the door for British colonial rule in Sudan.
E)doomed Russia to defeat in the Russo-Japanese War.

Question 17

The Suez Canal facilitated

A)trade between both U.S.coasts.
B)the building and maintenance of empires.
C)Spanish control over the Philippines.
D)French control over Vietnam.
E)the maintenance of the Ottoman empire.

Question 18

In 1770,Captain James Cook anchored his fleet near what modern city?

A)Melbourne
B)Sydney
C)Cape Town
D)New South Wales
E)Wellington

Question 19

The Boers were

A)east African coastal merchants.
B)Indians who served as soldiers for the British.
C)Malaysian tribal chieftains who allied with the Dutch.
D)Australian aborigines.
E)Dutch settlers in the southern tip of Africa.

Question 20

Cecil Rhodes was

A)the British military leader who was responsible for a boom in naval expansion.
B)the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny.
C)responsible for the philosophy that we know as social Darwinism.
D)the first leader of an independent Canada.
E)a leading British imperialist who founded a colony in Africa.

Question 21

Both the Suez Canal and Panama Canal facilitated the building and maintenance of empires by enabling naval vessels to travel rapidly between the world's oceans.

Question 22

The Dutch East India Company took advantage of Mughal weakness to strengthen and expand its trading posts in the eighteenth century.

Question 23

The term social Darwinism is associated with

A)Cecil Rhodes.
B)Josiah Clark Nott.
C)Herbert Spencer.
D)Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau.
E)Otto von Bismarck.

Question 24

The Roosevelt Corollary strengthened U.S.military and economic claims in which area of the world?

A)China
B)Africa
C)those territories lying in the western hemisphere to the south of the United States
D)lands in the Pacific not including Australia and New Zealand
E)Indochina

Question 25

Under British control,Ceylon became a major producer of

A)cotton.
B)pineapple.
C)tea.
D)rubber.
E)indigo.

Question 26

The Sino-Japanese War began with a dispute over

A)Burma.
B)Korea.
C)Mongolia.
D)Vietnam.
E)Siberia.

Question 27

Emilio Aguinaldo led an uprising in

A)Mexico against the Spanish.
B)Fiji against the British.
C)Indonesia against the Dutch.
D)the Philippines against the United States.
E)Brazil against the Portuguese.

Question 28

The author of Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races was

A)Josiah Clark Nott.
B)Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau.
C)Charles Darwin.
D)Herbert Spencer.
E)Ram Mohan Roy.

Question 29

The Maji Maji rebellion occurred in

A)Hawai`i against the Americans.
B)Vietnam against the French.
C)Fiji against the British.
D)Indonesia against the Dutch.
E)east Africa against the Germans.

Question 30

In regard to imperialism,the Japanese and Americans

A)were much more tolerant and respectful of their colonies than were the Europeans.
B)expanded for very different reasons than did the Europeans.
C)never saw the need to expand.
D)proved to be just as racist as the Europeans.
E)drew a sharp distinction between their enlightened sense of rule and that of the Europeans.

Question 31

Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the

A)Sino-Japanese War.
B)Crimean War.
C)Korean War.
D)Russo-Japanese War.
E)Opium War.

Question 32

Between 1800 and 1914,how many Europeans migrated overseas?

A)five million
B)ten million
C)seven million
D)fifteen million
E)fifty million

Question 33

The Monroe Doctrine

A)ensured that neither the Europeans nor the Americans would ever interfere in western hemispheric affairs.
B)opened Japan to U.S.trade.
C)gave the British an inroad into New Zealand.
D)worked as a justification for U.S.intervention in western hemispheric affairs.
E)handed the Philippines over to the United States.

Question 34

The underlying principle of indirect rule was the desire to keep African populations in check and permit European administrators to engage in a "civilizing mission."

Question 35

Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau viewed Europeans as

A)smart but docile.
B)somewhat intelligent but remarkably energetic.
C)intelligent and morally superior to all other peoples in the world.
D)dull and arrogant.
E)unintelligent and lazy.

Question 36

In the nineteenth century,the majority of indentured laborers came from

A)Russia.
B)India.
C)China.
D)Ireland.
E)Africa.

Question 37

During the second half of the nineteenth century,many Europeans believed that imperial expansion and colonial domination were crucial for the survival of their states.

Question 38

The United States occupied Cuba,Puerto Rico,Guam,and the Philippines after its victory in

A)World War I.
B)the Opium War.
C)the War of 1812.
D)the Filipino Civil War.
E)the Spanish-Cuban-American War.

Question 39

The social Darwinists believed that

A)a sharp distinction had to be made between the biological and social worlds.
B)only a socialist political and social structure would keep humans from destroying themselves.
C)more powerful nations had to protect weaker nations.
D)powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies.
E)human beings had reached the point at which competition among nations was no longer necessary.

Question 40

The Berlin West Africa Conference,which included delegates from twelve European states and the United States,devised the ground rules for the colonization of Africa.

Question 41

Which Asian and African states managed to maintain their sovereignty in the nineteenth century? Why these states?

Question 42

Examine imperialism in Africa.What were the major goals of the Europeans? Why was Africa treated differently than other colonies? How did the carving up of Africa lead to tension among the European nations?

Question 43

Examine the British control over India.How did it set the stage for later British expansion? In what ways did British control of India represent the best and worst of British colonial rule?

Question 44

In some cases,colonial rule led to the introduction of new crops that transformed the landscape and social order of subject lands-for example,the introduction of tea bushes from India to China.

Question 45

Examine Map 28.4,Imperialism in Africa,ca.1914.How was the political face of Africa changed between 1875 and 1900? What European nations were most active in carving up Africa? Were there differences in colonial rule?

Question 46

Although Darwin's theories applied exclusively to biological matters,certain nineteenth-century theorists adapted his ideas to support their theories of scientific racism.

Question 47

Compare and contrast European imperialism in central and southeast Asia,Africa,and Oceania.Were there any fundamental differences that would influence later history?

Question 48

Between 1800 and 1914,some fifty million Europeans left their poor agricultural societies and sought opportunities overseas,a majority heading to the United States.

Question 49

Summarize the economic,political,and cultural motives of nineteenth-century imperialists.To what extent did those motives overlap and to what extent did they conflict with one another?

Question 50

How did the British establish control over India in the early nineteenth century? How did the Sepoy Rebellion contribute to this process?

Question 51

What were the principal "tools of empire"-the various technologies that gave the Europeans such an advantage?

Question 52

Examine the illustration from the book Indigenous Races of the Earth on page 554.What role did racism play in European imperialism? Discuss the ideas of Gobineau and Spencer.

Question 53

Because the nomadic peoples of Australia did not occupy lands permanently,British settlers considered the continent terra nullius,"land belonging to no one," and one that they could seize and put to their own uses.

Question 54

Examine the racist beliefs that played such a central role in European imperialism.How did racism justify imperialism and also inspire it?

Question 55

Examine the rise of the United States and Japan as imperialist powers.What were the main U.S.and Japanese goals? Were they different than the goals of the western Europeans? What areas did these two countries conquer?

Question 56

The United States emerged as a major imperial and colonial power after the brief Spanish-Cuban-American War.

Question 57

What role did technology play in the expanding European hegemony? Why weren't other nations able to gain equal technological footing?

Question 58

Examine imperialism in central and southeast Asia.What nations were involved? What were the most economically valuable areas? How different were the varieties of colonial rule? How were central and southeast Asia transformed by European conquest?

Question 59

What,if anything,did anticolonial uprisings such as the Sepoy rebellion of 1857,the Maji Maji rebellion,and the Filipino rebellion have in common? Why were they not more successful?

Question 60

What were the legacies of nineteenth-century imperialism? What was anticolonialism? In what ways is the world today shaped by the actions of nineteenth-century imperialists?

Question 61

Compare the British conquest of south Africa with that of Egypt and Sudan.

Question 62

How did subject peoples resist colonial rule? How did imperialism foster conflicts within colonial societies?

Question 63

What did the United States gain from the Spanish-Cuban-American War? Note the political status of each of these acquisitions.

Question 64

Why were the great powers less interested in the Pacific islands for most of the nineteenth century? Why did that attitude change in the later part of the century?

Question 65

How did the imperial powers transform the economies of their colonies? Consider especially India and Ceylon.

Question 66

Summarize some of the significant migrations of the late nineteenth century.What were the typical destinations?

Question 67

Who were the major players in the "scramble for Africa"? What was the principal objective of this land-grab?

Question 68

Where did the Japanese direct their ambitions as a new imperial power? How successful were they?