Deck 8: Mediterranean Society Under the Greeks and the Romans

Question 1

Who won the Peloponnesian War?

A)Persia
B)Carthage
C)Sparta
D)Athens
E)Thebes

Answer 1

Sparta

Question 2

In general,women in classical Greece

A)were excluded from all important religious positions.
B)lived under the legal authority of their male relatives.
C)were the legal owners of the lands on which their husbands lived.
D)directly and actively participated in democratic politics,regardless of their social standing.
E)might ascend to high positions in government,but only if they were members of the upper class.

Answer 2

lived under the legal authority of their male relatives.

Question 3

The most important port in the Hellenistic world was

A)Alexandria.
B)Athens.
C)Thebes.
D)Persepolis.
E)Sparta.

Answer 3

Alexandria.

Question 4

Distinction among the ancient Spartans came from

A)social status.
B)political infighting.
C)accumulated wealth.
D)family lineage.
E)discipline and military talent.

Question 5

The leader who forged a compromise between Athens's social classes by allowing the aristocrats to keep their land while also providing representation for the common classes was

A)Solon.
B)Socrates.
C)Miltiades.
D)Pericles.
E)Plato.

Question 6

The political structure of the ancient Greeks

A)achieved unification under Pericles.
B)had a history of early,long-lasting centralized government.
C)stabilized after conquest by Persia.
D)was very similar to that of Egypt.
E)usually consisted of independent,autonomous city-states.

Question 7

Which of the following did Socrates believe was more important than wealth or fame?

A)the will of the gods
B)honor
C)love
D)forms or ideas
E)political authority

Question 8

The Mycenaeans received early,indirect influence from the Egyptians and Phoenicians through their contact with the

A)Minoans.
B)Persians.
C)Lydians.
D)Macedonians.
E)Aryans.

Question 9

In which polis did women have the most freedom?

A)Sparta
B)Corinth
C)Athens
D)Thebes
E)Syracuse

Question 10

Socrates was condemned to death by

A)a jury of Athenian citizens.
B)the political leader of Athens.
C)a Spartan military council.
D)a group of his students.
E)his fellow philosophers in Athens.

Question 11

Citizenship in Athens was opened to all

A)Athenians.
B)males and females as long as they owned property.
C)male Athenian citizens.
D)free adult males from the polis.
E)Greek citizens.

Question 12

Greek law regarded all slaves as

A)a criminal class that must be held in captivity to prevent social unrest.
B)an ethnically inferior people.
C)free peoples who owed a debt to society that must be repaid.
D)the private chattel property of their owners.
E)people working toward their freedom by aiding societal development.

Question 13

The Greeks used the word polis to refer to

A)the concept of excessive pride.
B)the city-state.
C)the notion of loyalty to the central government.
D)the pursuit of truth.
E)barbarians.

Question 14

The Iliad deals with the

A)journey home of the hero Odysseus.
B)war to capture Troy.
C)adventures of Aeneas.
D)adventures and tragic end of Jason and Medea.
E)adventures of the hero Rama.

Question 15

The point at which Alexander had to give up his conquests and return home came in

A)Alexandria.
B)Persepolis.
C)India.
D)Susa.
E)Sparta.

Question 16

The Iliad is attributed to

A)Socrates.
B)Plato.
C)Xeno.
D)Herodotus.
E)Homer.

Question 17

The most notable lavish palace of Minoan culture was located at

A)Troy.
B)Sparta.
C)Athens.
D)Harappa.
E)Knossos.

Question 18

Under whose leadership did Athens become the most sophisticated of the poleis?

A)Solon
B)Cleisthenes
C)Pericles
D)Pisistratus
E)Plato

Question 19

The Spartans were constantly afraid of the prospect of an uprising by serfs known as

A)helots.
B)poleis.
C)Minoans.
D)Athenians.
E)Dravidians.

Question 20

Of all the Hellenistic empires,Greek influence was greatest in

A)the Seleucid realm.
B)Ptolemaic Egypt.
C)Carthage.
D)the Antigonid state.
E)the Roman empire.

Question 21

The decisive naval battle in the Persian War was at Salamis.

Question 22

In the early stages of the Roman republic,the patricians elected two

A)kings.
B)consuls.
C)tribunes.
D)archons.
E)senators.

Question 23

Which of the following religions was NOT popular during the Roman empire?

A)Christianity
B)Mithraism
C)the cult of Cybele
D)Judaism
E)the cult of Isis

Question 24

During its early history,Italy was dominated by the

A)Greeks.
B)Persians.
C)Minoans.
D)Etruscans.
E)Assyrians.

Question 25

Latifundia were

A)enormous plantations worked by slaves.
B)the emperor's elite guard.
C)the priestly class devoted to the worship of Mithra.
D)the wealthy classes of ancient Rome.
E)short lyric poems focused on erotic love.

Question 26

The concept of Forms or Ideas is associated with

A)Socrates.
B)Plato.
C)Xeno.
D)Aristotle.
E)Marcus Aurelius.

Question 27

The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was

A)Stoicism.
B)Epicureanism.
C)Legalism.
D)Mithraism.
E)Neo-Platonism.

Question 28

In an effort to alleviate social tensions,which group was allowed to elect two and then later ten tribunes?

A)plebeians
B)slaves
C)patricians
D)consuls
E)dictators

Question 29

The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the

A)Punic Wars.
B)pax romana.
C)mare nostrum.
D)carpe deum.
E)Augustan reform.

Question 30

The definition of the term polis is city-state.

Question 31

In regard to political philosophy,Julius Caesar

A)was a staunch supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
B)followed the example of his uncle Augustus.
C)favored liberal policies and social reform.
D)had stridently demanded the abolition of the republic.
E)proposed the establishment of a theocracy.

Question 32

In the early period of Roman expansion,the principal power in the western Mediterranean was the

A)Greeks.
B)Etruscans.
C)Persians.
D)Gauls.
E)Carthaginians.

Question 33

The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was

A)Cleopatra.
B)Julius Caesar.
C)Mark Antony.
D)Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
E)Darius III.

Question 34

Vesta was the Roman goddess of

A)the moon.
B)fertility.
C)the hearth.
D)erotic love.
E)the night.

Question 35

It was under the leadership of Philip II that Athens became the cultural forefront of the Greek world.

Question 36

The term paterfamilias refers to the

A)patriarchal nature of the Roman family.
B)prolonged period of peace and stability beginning with the reign of Augustus.
C)concept of Jesus of Nazareth's relationship to his god.
D)position of Jupiter as the king of the Roman gods.
E)central role of the Roman emperor in running the state.

Question 37

In the Republic,Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be

A)the descendents of Socrates.
B)the electorate,through a democratic framework.
C)the Spartans because of their emphasis on character and control.
D)the Athenians because of their wealth and fame.
E)a philosophical elite.

Question 38

Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him Christ,which meant

A)"the son of god."
B)"the anointed one."
C)"the redeemer."
D)"the son of man."
E)"the king."

Question 39

Which Greek god was the grandson of the earth and sky gods?

A)Apollo
B)Zeus
C)Hera
D)Demeter
E)Dionysus

Question 40

Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the

A)Phoenician Wars.
B)Gracchi Wars.
C)Persian Wars.
D)Punic Wars.
E)Sicilian Wars.

Question 41

What part did slaves play in Athens and Sparta? How did Greek law treat slaves?

Question 42

What were the major historical legacies of the Hellenistic age? In what ways was this period different from the earlier Hellenic age?

Question 43

Discuss the nature of the Homeric epic poems,the Iliad and the Odyssey.How influential were these works to the Greeks? In what ways do these works express the Greek worldview?

Question 44

The common people in early Rome were called patricians.

Question 45

Hellenistic philosophers who identified pleasure as the highest good were Stoics.

Question 46

What could the nature of Greek drama and comedy tell us about how the Greeks viewed themselves? What makes their drama and comedy unique?

Question 47

The tribunes were the wealthy classes in early Rome.

Question 48

Discuss the Greek Olympic Games.What can these games tell us about the nature of the Greeks?

Question 49

What were the achievements and limitations of Greek democracy? In what ways could the experiences of the Greeks have influenced the early American thinkers in the formation of their republic?

Question 50

The Etruscans were a northern Italian tribe that heavily influenced Rome in its early history.

Question 51

Discuss the philosophical contributions of the ancient Greeks.How did thinkers such as Socrates,Plato,Aristotle,and the later Hellenistic philosophers shape the world?

Question 52

Paul of Tarsus was the leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism.

Question 53

Examine the relationship between the Greeks and Persians.How influential were the Persian Wars on later Greek history?

Question 54

Second-century historian Arrian proposed that Alexander the Great,"had an uncanny instinct for the right course." What were Alexander's main goals? Was his ambition his greatest strength or most dangerous weakness?

Question 55

Solon was an aristocrat who played a key role in the creation of democracy.

Question 56

Julius Caesar was the leader who reunified the Roman world and began the pax romana.

Question 57

Examine the influence of the Egyptians,Phoenicians,and Minoans on the early Greeks.What Greek characteristics express these influences? In what ways were the Greeks different from these other societies?

Question 58

Socrates believed that,"no evil can happen to a good man,either in life,or after death." How would Socrates define a good man? What were the foundations of his thought?

Question 59

In what ways were the Mycenaeans similar to the later Athenians and Spartans of the classical age? What legacy did the Mycenaean period leave behind?

Question 60

Examine the social structure of the ancient Greeks.What role did women play in their society? Were there variations of the social structure among the different city-states?

Question 61

Examine the career of Alexander of Macedon.What factors drove him onto the world stage? How did he influence history?

Question 62

Discuss the reign of Julius Caesar.How did he transform the Roman state? How great was his influence on the later Roman empire?

Question 63

What were the main achievements and limitations of the Roman republic and Roman empire? What were the key turning points in Roman history?

Question 64

Look at the map of Greek colonies on page 137.What role did Greek sailors and merchants play in cultural as well as economic expansion? How did sailing and adventure express the nature of the Greeks?

Question 65

Examine Greek exploration and colonization.What do these actions say about the Greek economic,social,and intellectual worlds?

Question 66

Why did the Romans create such a huge and long-lasting empire,when the Greeks were never able to unify? Did character play a role?

Question 67

How did trade shape the Roman world? Discuss the implications of the Mediterranean as mare nostrum.How did trade work to bring the Roman world together?

Question 68

Compare the status of women in Rome to their status in the rest of the ancient world.How was the role of women different in Rome than in the Greek city-states?

Question 69

Examine the role that family played in ancient Rome.What role did women play inside and outside the home? Did women have more or less freedom in Rome than in other societies?

Question 70

Compare the Punic Wars to the Persian Wars.In what ways were both events pivotal? What might have happened if the wars had turned out differently?

Question 71

Examine the constantly changing religious world of the Romans.Explain the Roman role in the rise of Christianity.

Question 72

Discuss the concept of pax romana.What were the outstanding characteristics of this period? How were the Romans able to unify this region and hold it together for such a long period of time?

Question 73

How did geography influence the political structure of ancient Greece? Why didn't the Greeks ever unify? What brought them together? What tore them apart?

Question 74

Discuss the cultural and architectural splendor of Athens as represented in the picture on page 134.Remember that some of these buildings were built with money from the Delian League.What might this fact say about Athenian arrogance?

Question 75

Examine the intellectual world of the Romans.How did the Greeks influence the Romans? In what ways were they different?

Question 76

The reign of Augustus Caesar is usually seen as the beginning of a glorious age.The historian Tacitus,however,noticed many problems,including the fact that the,"legal system ...was wholly incapacitated by violence,favoritism,and-most of all-bribery." Which of these views is correct? What were the achievements and shortcomings of Augustus's reign?

Question 77

Compare and contrast the Roman and Chinese empires.What made these states so powerful and influential for such a long period of time?

Question 78

Examine the reign of Augustus Caesar.What steps did he take to restore order and implement the pax romana? What were the long-term effects of his influence?

Question 79

What is Socrates' view of death? .How does this view relate to his pursuit of truth? How did it relate to his own death?

Question 80

Discuss the Roman concept of citizenship.Relate it to the success of Roman expansion.How does citizenship relate to the ideals of Roman character?