Deck 33: The Cold War and Decolonization

Question 1

U.S.President Dwight Eisenhower

A)felt that communism would die out on its own.
B)signed a long-term trading agreement with the Russians.
C)was a believer in the domino theory.
D)articulated the containment theory in his famous Eisenhower Doctrine.
E)stood up to the Soviets in the Cuban missile crisis.

Answer 1

was a believer in the domino theory.

Question 2

The disastrous 1954 defeat that forced the French out of Vietnam was at

A)Saigon.
B)Haiphong.
C)Dunhuang.
D)Dien Bien Phu.
E)Hanoi.

Answer 2

Dien Bien Phu.

Question 3

An active policy of de-Stalinization was begun in 1956 by

A)Dwight Eisenhower.
B)Harry Truman.
C)Marshall Tito.
D)Mikhail Gorbachev.
E)Nikita Khrushchev.

Answer 3

Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 4

The Bay of Pigs invasion

A)involved anti-Castro Cubans trained by the U.S.
B)was a failure.
C)strengthened Castro's position in Cuba.
D)strengthened Castro's commitment to communism.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

Ideologically,the two competing sides in the cold war were

A)socialism and communism.
B)communism and fascism.
C)capitalism and communism.
D)republican and democrat.
E)fascism and capitalism.

Question 6

The Korean War resulted in

A)an overwhelming victory for U.S.-backed South Korea.
B)an overwhelming victory for Soviet-backed North Korea.
C)the second use of nuclear weapons.
D)an encouragement of the globalization of the U.S.policy of containment.
E)such a terrible loss of life that the Soviets and Americans were forced to reconcile their differences.

Question 7

The Bandung Conference

A)brought an end to the fighting between India and Pakistan.
B)officially ended World War II.
C)pushed forward the nonalignment movement.
D)resulted in the creation of the policy known as the "final solution."
E)created the state of Israel.

Question 8

The European power that served as the mandate power in Palestine after World War I was

A)France.
B)Germany.
C)Russia.
D)Italy.
E)Great Britain.

Question 9

The Warsaw Treaty Organization

A)was formed under the leadership of Lech Walesa.
B)was formed in response to the rearming of western Germany.
C)was designed to contain the spread of communism.
D)was a free trade organization designed to foster greater economic expansion in western Europe.
E)monitored the treaty that ended World War II.

Question 10

The German Democratic Republic

A)was formed out of the British,French,and American zones of occupation.
B)was sealed off from its eastern half by the construction of the Berlin Wall.
C)prospered under American leadership.
D)was really under direct Chinese control.
E)was formed out of the Soviet zone of occupation.

Question 11

Vietnam's national communist political leader was

A)Syngman Rhee.
B)Ho Chi Minh.
C)Ngo Dinh Diem.
D)Vo Nguyen Giap.
E)Mobutu Sese Seko.

Question 12

The leader of the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain independence,and the most important nationalist leader in Africa,was

A)Kwame Nkrumah.
B)Jomo Kenyatta.
C)Marcus Garvey.
D)Bernard Dadié.
E)Frantz Fanon.

Question 13

Regarding international affairs,Nehru

A)strongly supported the Americans.
B)changed sides depending on who gave him the best deal.
C)would only align with nations willing to declare war on Pakistan.
D)strongly supported the Soviets.
E)was one of the leaders of the nonaligned movement.

Question 14

The disastrous Great Leap Forward was backed by

A)Deng Xiaoping.
B)Kwame Nkrumah.
C)Jomo Kenyatta.
D)Yasser Arafat.
E)Mao Zedong.

Question 15

The leader of the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s was

A)Saddam Hussein.
B)Gamal Abdel Nasser.
C)Anwar Sadat.
D)King Farouk.
E)the Ayatollah Khomeini.

Question 16

In the Balfour Declaration of 1917,

A)the United States agreed to enter World War I.
B)Korea was divided along the 38^th parallel.
C)the Irish officially stated that they couldn't support the British in the war effort.
D)the British government committed itself to supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
E)the Russians officially surrendered to the Germans and pulled out of World War I.

Question 17

In the wake of the Berlin blockade and airlift,the U.S. ,British,and French zones of occupation in western Germany were

A)combined into one large American zone of occupation.
B)evacuated by the countries occupying them in order to prevent a wider conflict.
C)combined to form the Federal Republic of Germany.
D)occupied by the Soviet Union after a treaty was signed between the Soviets and the West.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 18

Both Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru felt that communalism was

A)dangerous because it emphasized religious identity over national identity.
B)essential for Indian survival.
C)difficult,although necessary,to construct because of the need for community in India.
D)the key to the long-lasting political stability of India.
E)a natural fit for India,although they certainly didn't agree with every aspect of Marx's philosophy.

Question 19

The president of North Korea was

A)Kim Il Sung.
B)Achmad Sukarno.
C)Jiang Jieshi.
D)Deng Xiaoping.
E)Syngman Rhee.

Question 20

Jomo Kenyatta was a nationalist leader in

A)Ghana.
B)Algeria.
C)Zimbabwe.
D)South Africa.
E)Kenya.

Question 21

The policy of detente refers to

A)a reduction in hostility between nations.
B)a gradual increase in hostility between nations as one power tries to force the other to bend to its will.
C)an economic program between two powers designed to create a trading bloc.
D)a commitment to allowing the international body of the United Nations to lead the world community.
E)a Soviet plan to greatly increase their arsenal of nuclear weapons.

Question 22

Nicolae Ceauşescu was the

A)Bulgarian dictator who was the longest surviving communist leader.
B)leader of Solidarity.
C)leader of the "velvet revolution" in Czechoslovakia.
D)Soviet general who seized control after Gorbachev's reform movement.
E)brutal Romanian dictator who was overthrown and killed in 1989.

Question 23

Imre Nagy

A)launched the Prague Spring in 1968.
B)was the president of West Germany when the Berlin Wall was torn down.
C)announced Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact in 1956.
D)pursued a foreign policy independent of Soviet control in Yugoslavia.
E)led the Contras in their fight against the Sandinistas.

Question 24

The Strategic Arms Limitations Talks were signed in 1972 between

A)China and the Soviet Union.
B)the United States and the western Europeans.
C)North and South Korea.
D)the Soviet Union and the United States.
E)India and Pakistan.

Question 25

At the time he was forced out of office in 1989,the longest surviving communist dictator was

A)Romania's Nicolae Ceauşescu.
B)East Germany's Erich Honecker.
C)Hungary's Imre Nagy.
D)Bulgaria's Todor Zhivkov.
E)the Soviet Union's Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 26

Alexander Dubcek's Prague Spring

A)was a literary account of his years in a Soviet labor camp.
B)promised "socialism with a human face."
C)was a pejorative for his ruthless crackdown on anticommunists.
D)inspired Czechoslovakia to switch to communism.
E)was a controversial musical piece that expressed the freedom in eastern Europe in the late 1960s.

Question 27

Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of

A)an independent Palestinian state.
B)the division of Palestine between Arabs and Jews.
C)a UN peacekeeping force to maintain peace in Palestine until order was restored.
D)an independent Indonesia.
E)Pakistan.

Question 28

Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika referred to

A)openness.
B)"the great leap forward."
C)decentralizing the economy.
D)de-communism.
E)reeducation.

Question 29

The leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization was

A)Hosni Mubarak.
B)Yasser Arafat.
C)Gamal Abdel Nasser.
D)Anwar Sadat.
E)the Ayatollah Khomeini.

Question 30

Peace treaties that advanced the notion of limited Palestinian self-rule were signed in 1993 and 1995 by Yasser Arafat and

A)Gamal Abdel Nasser.
B)Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.
C)Ariel Sharon.
D)Yitzhak Rabin.
E)Anwar Sadat.

Question 31

Mobutu Sese Seko was the dictatorial leader of

A)Zaire.
B)South Africa.
C)Egypt.
D)Ghana.
E)Chad.

Question 32

When Mikhail Gorbachev discussed the opening of Soviet society to public criticism and admission of past mistakes,he used the term

A)uskorenie.
B)perestroika.
C)ceauşescu.
D)glasnost.
E)zhivkov.

Question 33

The East German leader who rejected Gorbachev's reforms and clung to the traditional Soviet pattern was

A)Erich Honecker.
B)Nicolae Ceauşescu.
C)Todor Zhivkov.
D)Boris Yeltsin.
E)Josip Broz.

Question 34

The "velvet revolution" brought change to

A)Czechoslovakia.
B)Poland.
C)Romania.
D)Bulgaria.
E)East Germany.

Question 35

The Brezhnev doctrine

A)called for economic and political liberalization in eastern Europe.
B)was a policy of containment to stop the spread of communism.
C)offered billions of dollars in aid to combat the spread of capitalism.
D)reserved the right of the Soviet Union to invade any socialist country that was deemed to be threatened by forces hostile to socialism.
E)forbade changes in the basic communist economic structure but allowed for some local political freedom.

Question 36

Solidarity was

A)a combined trade union and nationalist movement in Poland.
B)the call for reunification of Germany.
C)the appeal that East German leader Erich Honecker made for the communist world to stay united.
D)one of the new ideological phrases made popular by Mikhail Gorbachev.
E)the philosophy that a united capitalist world was destined to destroy communism.

Question 37

The U.S.-backed government of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in Iran was overthrown in 1979 by

A)Mobutu Sese Seko.
B)Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
C)Yasser Arafat.
D)Saddam Hussein.
E)Hosni Mubarak.

Question 38

The Russian leader who brought massive reform to the Soviet Union beginning in 1985 was

A)Boris Yeltsin.
B)Mikhail Gorbachev.
C)Leonid Brezhnev.
D)Nikita Khrushchev.
E)Todor Zhivkov.

Question 39

The People's Republic of China,founded in 1949,

A)was a democratic country committed to the destruction of communism.
B)was a steadfast ally of the Soviet Union and remained so throughout the cold war.
C)was an authoritarian,communist nation under the leadership of Mao Zedong.
D)was a communist nation with an open society that could question communist rule.
E)signaled a return to the structure of imperial rule of ancient China.

Question 40

The Soviet Union fought a costly foreign war from 1979 to 1989 in

A)Vietnam.
B)East Germany.
C)Afghanistan.
D)Hungary.
E)Czechoslovakia.

Question 41

The Bay of Pigs was an invasion of Cuban nationals trained by the United States;it was a failure,but it weakened Castro's position in Cuba.

Question 42

Examine the political and social philosophy of Mikhail Gorbachev.How did he try to bring about changes in the Soviet Union? Did he go too far and too fast?

Question 43

Deng Xiaoping moderated Mao's commitment to Chinese self-sufficiency and isolation and engineered China's entry into the international financial and trading system.

Question 44

Examine the situations in Korea and Cuba in relation to the cold war competition between the Soviet Union and the United States.Who,if anyone,was victorious in these confrontations?

Question 45

failed to force the British,French,and Americans to vacate Berlin.

Question 46

In 1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser abolished French rights to the Suez Canal.

Question 47

At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union,the largest of the republics-the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic-was headed by

A)Mikhail Gorbachev.
B)Boris Yeltsin.
C)Nicolae Ceauşescu.
D)Todor Zhivkov.
E)Alexander Dubcek.

Question 48

Discuss the origins of the cold war.What were the fundamental differences between the Soviet Union and the United States? What role did ideology play in the cold war? Examine the contrasting ideologies of the superpowers.

Question 49

The Korean War began when the communist government of North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950.

Question 50

Leaders of the new African and Asian countries first discussed nonalignment at the Bandung Conference,hoping to find an alternative between choosing between the U.S.and the Soviet Union.

Question 51

Agitation for independence in sub-Saharan Africa took many forms,peaceful and violent,and decolonization occurred at a steady pace.

Question 52

Compare and contrast American foreign policy during the cold war with that of the Soviet Union.In what ways were their policies similar? In what ways did they differ? What impact did decolonization have on their respective policies?

Question 53

Look at the picture of Berliners climbing the Berlin Wall on page 653.How did the Berlin Wall symbolize the entire cold war?

Question 54

Compare and contrast Nikita Khrushchev,Leonid Brezhnev,and Mikhail Gorbachev.In what ways did they influence the cold war?

Question 55

The power of Islam as a means of staving off secular foreign influences was demonstrated by the revolution that took place in Iran in 1979.

Question 56

Examine the role played by eastern Europe in the cold war and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Question 57

Look at map 33.1 Occupied Germany,1945-1949.Why was Germany divided and occupied? What problems did this division cause? What would be the significance of the Berlin Wall and Berlin airlift?

Question 58

Gandhi and Nehru supported the concept of communalism and,therefore,the partition of India and Pakistan.

Question 59

In November 1947 the UN General Assembly announced a plan to create the independent state of Israel.

Question 60

President Ronald Reagan's cold war rhetoric and budgets challenged detente and the Soviets' ability to match U.S.spending,but internal changes in the communist world worked most effectively to bring an end to the communist system and the cold war.

Question 61

Examine the Islamic revolution of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran.In what ways did this revolution represent another step away from a bipolar political world? What would be the significance of fundamentalist Islam? In what ways did fundamentalist Islam become part of a growing nationalism?

Question 62

Discuss decolonization in Africa,Asia,and the Middle East.Which region has enjoyed the most prosperity and stability since gaining independence? Which regions remain in turmoil? What factors might account for the varying successes of decolonization?

Question 63

Examine the philosophy and career of Mao Zedong.Was his variety of communism different from that practiced in the Soviet Union? Discuss the significance of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.How successful was Mao?

Question 64

Kwame Nkrumah said that "it is clear that we must find an African solution to our problems,and that this can only be found in African unity." Why was political fragmentation such a threat to the newly independent Africa? Why was Nkrumah such a symbol for African nationalism?