Deck 24: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Degradation of naturally occurring glucose produces _________ that is ________.

A) D-glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory
B) D-glyceraldehyde, levorotatory
C) L-glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory
D) L-glyceraldehyde, levorotatory
E) none of these

Answer 1

D-glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory

Question 2

Give the characteristics of a D-sugar.

A) R configuration and dextrorotatory
B) R configuration and levorotatory
C) S configuration and dextrorotatory
D) S configuration and levorotatory
E) D and L have no correlation to configuration and rotation of plane-polarized light.

Answer 2

D and L have no correlation to configuration and rotation of plane-polarized light.

Question 3

Which of the following is an aldohexose?

A) D-lyxose
B) D-fructose
C) D-ribose
D) D-glucose
E) D-xylulose

Answer 3

D-glucose

Question 4

A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms and a ketone functional group is called a(n) _____.

A) aldose
B) ketohexose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) pentose

Question 5

Polysaccharides are made by joining ________together.

A) disaccharides
B) trisaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) monosaccharides
E) all of these

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between D-glucose and D-fructose?

A) enantiomers
B) epimers
C) anomers
D) constitutional isomers
E) diastereomers

Question 7

A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group is called a(n) _____.

A) hexose
B) ketohexose
C) aldohexose
D) ketoheptose
E) ketose

Question 8

Which of the following is a L-ketopentose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) III and IV

Question 9

Which of the following is a D-aldopentose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) I and V

Question 10

Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose in the presence of sunlight via ________.

A) hydrolysis
B) retrosynthesis
C) Killiani synthesis
D) photosynthesis
E) none of these

Question 11

Simple sugars are called_______ , a term that derives from the Latin word for sugar, saccharum.

A) monosaccharides
B) disaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) saccharides
E) all of these

Question 12

Degradation of synthetic glucose produces _________that is ________.

A) glyceraldehyde, dextrorotatory
B) glyceraldehyde, levorotatory
C) glyceraldehyde, both dextrorotatory and levorotatory
D) none of these

Question 13

All natural occurring sugars are ______.

A) D sugars
B) L sugars
C) both D and L sugars

Question 14

Which of the following best describes L-galactose?

A) aldopentose
B) aldohexose
C) ketopentose
D) ketohexose
E) aldotetrose

Question 15

Which of the following is a ketopentose?

A) D-lyxose
B) D-fructose
C) D-ribose
D) D-glucose
E) D-xylulose

Question 16

The general structure of carbohydrates are _______.

A) polyhydroxy esters
B) polyhydroxy aldehydes
C) polyhydroxy ketones
D) polyhydroxy alkanes
E) B and C

Question 17

Identify the compound that is found in nature.

A) D-(+)-glyceraldehyde
B) L-(+)-glyceraldehyde
C) D-(-)-glyceraldehyde
D) L-(-)-glyceraldehyde
E) none of these

Question 18

Which of the following is an aldopentose?

A) D-galactose
B) D-fructose
C) D-ribose
D) D-glucose
E) D-xylulose

Question 19

Which of the following is a ketohexose?

A) D-lyxose
B) D-fructose
C) D-ribose
D) D-glucose
E) D-xylulose

Question 20

Which of the following is an L-aldohexose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 21

How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldohexose?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 10
D) 12
E) 4

Question 22

Identify the classification for D-threose.

A) aldotetrose
B) ketotetrose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) aldohexose

Question 23

Of the possible stereoisomers for galactose, how many are L-isomers?

A) 8
B) 6
C) 10
D) 3
E) 4

Question 24

Draw the Fisher projection for L-glucose.

Question 25

Which one of the following is the correct Fischer projection for D-gulose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 26

Which of the following compounds are a pair of enantiomers?

A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) III and V
D) IV
E) none of these

Question 27

Draw the Fisher projection for D-galactose.

Question 28

Which of the following aldohexoses is dextrorotatory?

A) D-glucose
B) D-galactose
C) D-gulose
D) D-mannose
E) cannot predict

Question 29

In the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde the OH group connected to the chirality center farthest from the carbonyl group is pointing _______.

A) to the left
B) to the right
C) up
D) down
E) all of these

Question 30

Which one of the following is the correct stereochemical configuration for D-xylose?

A) 2S,3R,4S
B) 2R,3S,4R
C) 2R,3R,4S
D) 2S,3S,4R
E) 2S,3S,4S

Question 31

Which of the following is a L-hexose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 32

Of the possible stereoisomers for glucose, how many are D-isomers?

A) 8
B) 6
C) 10
D) 3
E) 4

Question 33

How many stereoisomers are possible for fructose?

A) 8
B) 6
C) 10
D) 3
E) 4

Question 34

Of the possible stereoisomers for fructose, how many are D-isomers?

A) 8
B) 6
C) 10
D) 2
E) 4

Question 35

Identify the classification for D-erythrose.

A) aldotetrose
B) ketotetrose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) aldohexose

Question 36

Identify the classification for D-ribose.

A) aldotetrose
B) ketotetrose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) aldohexose

Question 37

Identify the most common aldohexose.

Question 38

Identify the classification for D-galactose.

A) aldotetrose
B) ketotetrose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) aldohexose

Question 39

Draw a Fisher projection for the enantiomer of D-glucose.

Question 40

Which one of the following is the correct stereochemical configuration for D-mannose?

A) 2S,3S,4R,5R
B) 2R,3S,4R,5S
C) 2R,3R,4S,5S
D) 2S,3S,4R,5S
E) 2S,3R,4S,5R

Question 41

What is the correct Haworth projection for $\beta$ -D-allopyranose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 42

Which one of the following is the correct structure for L-fructose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 43

Six-membered cyclic hemiacetal carbohydrates are called ________.

A) furanose
B) pyranose
C) ketopentose
D) aldopentose
E) none of these

Question 44

Predict the major product for the following reaction.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

Question 45

What is the correct name for the following compound?

A) ( $\alpha$ -D-glucopyranose)
B) ( $\alpha$ -D-allopyranose)
C) ( $\beta$ -D-glucopyranose)
D) ( $\alpha$ -D-galactopyranose)
E) ( $\beta$ -D-gulopyranose)

Question 46

Five-membered cyclic hemiacetal carbohydrates are called ________.

A) furanose
B) pyranose
C) ketohexose
D) aldohexose
E) none of these

Question 47

Which of the following best describes the relationship between $\alpha$ -D-glucopyranose and $\beta$ -D-glucopyranose?

A) enantiomers
B) anomers
C) diastereomers
D) constitutional isomers
E) none of these

Question 48

Furanose forms of monosaccharides are_____.

A) 5-membered cyclic hemiacetals
B) 6-membered cyclic acetals
C) 5-membered cyclic acetals
D) 6-membered cyclic hemiacetals
E) none of these

Question 49

What is the correct Haworth projection for $\alpha$ -D-glucopyranose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 50

What is the correct name for the following compound?

A) ( $\alpha$ -D-fructofuranose)
B) ( $\beta$ -D-sorbofuranose)
C) ( $\alpha$ -D-glucopyranose)
D) ( $\beta$ -D- fructofuranose)
E) ( $\beta$ -D-gulopyranose)

Question 51

Provide the reactant(s) for the following reaction.

Question 52

Which carbon in the following monosaccharide is the anomeric carbon?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 53

Predict the major product for the following reaction.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

Question 54

Which of the following compound(s) would undergo mutarotation in aqueous solution?

A) I
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) I, II, and III
E) all of these

Question 55

What is the correct name for the following compound?

A) ( $\alpha$ -D-idopyranose)
B) ( $\beta$ -D-altopyranose)
C) ( $\beta$ -D-glucopyranose)
D) ( $\alpha$ -D-galactopyranose)
E) ( $\beta$ -D-gulopyranose)

Question 56

Identify the most common naturally occurring ketose.

Question 57

Pyranose forms of monosaccharides are_____.

A) 5-membered cyclic hemiacetals
B) 6-membered cyclic acetals
C) 5-membered cyclic acetals
D) 6-membered cyclic hemiacetals
E) none of these

Question 58

Draw a Fisher projection for D-fructose.

Question 59

Anomers of D-glucopyranose differ in stereochemistry at ____ carbon.

A) C1
B) C2
C) C3
D) C4
E) C5

Question 60

Which of the following compound(s) would NOT undergo mutarotation in aqueous solution?

A) I
B) II and IV
C) III
D) IV
E) II, III and IV

Question 61

Predict the product(s) when $\beta$ -D-galactopyranose reacts with excess acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine.

Question 62

Draw the Fischer projection for the open-chain form of the following cyclic monosaccharide.

Question 63

Which of the following compounds is(are) an epimer(s) of D-glucose?

A) I
B) II
C) I and III
D) II andIV
E) I and II

Question 64

Draw the Haworth projection for $\beta$ -D-erythrofuranose.

Question 65

Provide the reagents necessary to carry out the following conversion.

Question 66

Draw the chair conformation of $\alpha$ -D-galactopyranose.

Question 67

Epimers are diastereomers that differ from each other in the configuration of ____ chiral center(s).

Question 68

Predict the product(s) for the following reaction.

Question 69

D-ribulose and D-xylulose are ______ epimers of each other.

A) C-1
B) C-2
C) C-3
D) C-4
E) C-5

Question 70

A glycoside is formed from D-glucopyranose by alkylated the -OH attached to _____.

A) C-1
B) C-2
C) C-3
D) C-4
E) C-5

Question 71

Which of the following best describes the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?

A) enantiomers
B) anomers
C) epimers
D) constitutional isomers
E) none of these

Question 72

D-glucose and D-galactose are ______ epimers of each other.

A) C-1
B) C-2
C) C-3
D) C-4
E) C-5

Question 73

Which of the following structures represent $\beta$ -D-glucopyranose?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

Question 74

All of the -OH groups on a monosaccharides can be converted to ethers via the Williamson ether synthesis with CH₃I in the presence of ________.

A) strong base
B) weak base
C) strong acid
D) weak acid

Question 75

Provide the reagents necessary to carry out the following conversion.

Question 76

Draw the chair conformation for the following monosaccharide.

Question 77

Predict the product(s) for the following reaction.

A) I
B) I and II
C) III and IV
D) IV
E) I, II and IV

Question 78

Anomers of D-fructofuranose differ in stereochemistry at ____ carbon.

A) C1
B) C2
C) C3
D) C4
E) C5

Question 79

Provide the reagents necessary to carry out the following conversion.

Question 80

Which of the following compound(s) is a glycoside?

A) I
B) II
C) II and III
D) III and IV
E) II, III and IV