Deck 7: Innovation and Adaptability

Question 1

It is sufficient for organizations to be flexible in order to be successful.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The change to robotics in the manufacturing process to increase efficiency is the result of the competitors lowering their prices.Therefore it is a(n)________ force for change.

A)external
B)internal
C)economic
D)technological

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In organizational success,flexible means ________,whereas adaptable means ________.

A)being proactive; being innovative
B)reacting to events; being proactive
C)being change capable; being innovative
D)being innovative; being change capable

Answer 3

B

Question 4

________ are complex and each possible solution may create a new problem.

A)Adaptability problems
B)Wicked problems
C)Innovation challenges
D)Strategic dilemmas

Question 5

Successful organizations are not only efficient and effective,they also must be ________.

A)global
B)adaptable
C)logical
D)visible

Question 6

The employees' complaints about their reduced bonus cheques are an example of a(n)________ force for change.

A)external
B)labour market
C)internal
D)cultural

Question 7

Internal forces that create the need for organizational change include ________.

A)necessary upgrades to technology
B)changes in the kinds of employees needed
C)organizational strategy adjustments
D)HR practices in response to new employment law

Question 8

Successful organizations create ________ that enables them to continuously recognize new problems.

A)a culture
B)processes
C)structures
D)expectations

Question 9

Technology and competition are internal forces for change.

Question 10

Successful organizations need to be more than just flexible in order to compete in today's business world.

Question 11

Changing recruitment strategies to attract and retain health care specialists due to increased needs for those workers is an example of what kind of external force for change?

A)marketplace
B)human resources strategy
C)labour markets
D)organizational development

Question 12

Which of the following is an internal force for change for an organization?

A)new competition
B)technology upgrades
C)labour markets
D)strategy modification

Question 13

The change in the strategic focus of the company is a(n)________ force for change.

A)external
B)internal
C)economic force of change
D)technological

Question 14

Innovation for organizations is about developing new products and services as customer needs change.

Question 15

Wicked problems is a slang term used by employees who come across problems they cannot solve and must pass on to other departments.

Question 16

Innovations means taking risks and doing things differently.

Question 17

Managing change is an integral part of every manager's job.

Question 18

Managers who make no attempt to anticipate change end up ________ rather than ________.

A)failing; succeeding
B)downsizing; growing
C)planning; adapting
D)reacting; innovating

Question 19

Entrepreneurship and management innovation will drive new business creation and ________ in the future.

A)job growth
B)globalization
C)economic development
D)new product development

Question 20

For business success,today's organizations need to be proactive which means they are able to adapt to the circumstances as required.

Question 21

The "calm waters" metaphor envisions a trip over unfamiliar waters with a crew who has never before worked together.

Question 22

New Ideas is a company that focuses on new ideas,uses technology that changes frequently,and has strong competition in a dynamic market.This is consistent with the ________ metaphor of the change process.

A)calm waters
B)blue horizon
C)white-water rapids
D)systems thinking

Question 23

One of the primary views of the change process is ________,while the other view is ________.

A)occasional; continuous
B)costly; conservative
C)optimistic; pessimistic
D)unplanned; planned

Question 24

The ________ metaphor is most consistent with uncertain and dynamic environments that are increasingly dominated by information,ideas,and knowledge.

A)new frontiers
B)white-waters
C)calm waters
D)uncertain waters

Question 25

Culture of innovation is important for companies in the face of rapid technological changes.

Question 26

Driving forces are forces that drive change and direct behaviour ________.

A)away from the status quo
B)toward increased resistance
C)toward uncertainty
D)toward the existing equilibrium state

Question 27

One of the biggest challenges facing both large and small companies today is the fluctuating labour market and finding suitable employees.

Question 28

The ________ metaphor compares an organization to a group of complete strangers aboard a raft travelling at night toward an uncertain destination.

A)uncertain waters
B)white-waters
C)calm waters
D)blue sky

Question 29

A change in demand for health care employees is an example of an economic change.

Question 30

University student who has just graduated and is now facing the process of finding a job and moving into the business world is in what step of the change process?

A)unfreezing the status quo
B)changing into a new state
C)refreezing the status quo
D)freezing the equilibrium

Question 31

The unfreezing step of the change process can be thought of as ________.

A)changing to a new state
B)sustaining a change over time
C)preparing for the needed change
D)sustaining the status quo

Question 32

According to Kurt Lewin,increasing the driving forces,which directs behaviour away from the status quo,is a means of doing which of the following?

A)unfreezing
B)changing
C)refreezing
D)restraining forces

Question 33

The ________ metaphor is best illustrated by Kurt Lewin's model of the change process.

A)uncertain waters
B)white-waters
C)calm waters
D)blue horizon

Question 34

Until the late 1980s,the ________ metaphor described the situation faced by most managers.

A)uncertain waters
B)white-waters
C)calm waters
D)blue sky

Question 35

The prevailing model for handling change in "white waters" is best illustrated in Kurt Lewin's three-step description of the change process.

Question 36

In today's turbulent business environment organizations ________.

A)should not consider growing beyond current size
B)cannot treat change as an occasional disturbance
C)must limit products/services to keep loyal customers
D)are forced to downsize in order to survive

Question 37

In the ________ metaphor,change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process.

A)calm waters
B)white-waters
C)blue sky
D)design thinking

Question 38

According to Lewin,the objective of refreezing is to ________.

A)direct behaviour away from the status quo
B)eliminate the need for future change
C)stabilize the new situation
D)reinforce the existing equilibrium

Question 39

The "white water rapids" metaphor described the situation that managers faced up until the late 1980s.

Question 40

Before Gill took over as president,the previous 15 years had been a period of stability and steady predictable growth for New Ideas.This period was consistent with the ________ metaphor of the change process.

A)calm waters
B)blue horizon
C)situational strategy
D)white-water rapids

Question 41

Lewin's three-step process treats change simply as a break in the organization's equilibrium state.

Question 42

Empowering employees to make decisions so decision making could be faster is a ________ change.

A)people
B)processes
C)structure
D)culture

Question 43

What OD technique involves changing the attitudes,stereotypes,and perceptions that work groups have about each other?

A)team building
B)intergroup development
C)sensitivity training
D)process consultation

Question 44

The change from a bureaucratic and risk-averse company to one that could compete in a global market requires ________ change.

A)structure
B)people
C)culture
D)technology

Question 45

Initiating change involves identifying which organizational areas might need to be changed and ________.

A)discussing changes with the board of directors
B)forming a committee to determine that the need for change is real
C)putting the change process in motion
D)preparing people for change

Question 46

Techniques to change people and the quality of interpersonal work relationships are called ________.

A)organizational development
B)communications training
C)human resources management
D)strategy innovation

Question 47

Apex Corporation has reorganized its marketing division,and the reporting structure has completely changed.This is an example of a change in ________.

A)structure
B)people
C)culture
D)processes

Question 48

Organizational ________ involves any alteration in structure,technology,or people.

A)innovation
B)change
C)creativity
D)reengineering

Question 49

One type of resistance to change that can be beneficial to the organization if expressed in a positive way is ________.

A)change that threatens the status quo
B)the belief that change is not good for the goals of the organization
C)altering the familiar and habitual routines and processes
D)moving into an ambiguous environment

Question 50

In organizations,people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

A)creativity strategists
B)change agents
C)innovation drivers
D)catalytic leaders

Question 51

Which organizational development (OD)technique is a technique for assessing attitudes and perceptions,identifying discrepancies in these,and resolving the differences by using survey information in feedback groups?

A)team building
B)intergroup development
C)survey feedback
D)sensitivity training

Question 52

Changes in work processes,methods,and equipment used fall under which category of options that a manager can change?

A)structure
B)people
C)strategy
D)technology

Question 53

If ABC Foods hired a consultant to decrease group friction and enhance cooperative work relationships,this would be an example of managing what change category?

A)strategy
B)structure
C)people
D)processes

Question 54

Organizational development techniques seek to bring about change in which of the basic change categories?

A)structure
B)people
C)mission
D)processes

Question 55

Changes in work specialization,chain of command,span of control,job design,or degree of centralization fall under which category of options that a manager can change?

A)structure
B)people
C)strategy
D)processes

Question 56

________ focuses on techniques or programs to change people and the nature of interpersonal work relationships.

A)Decentralization
B)Organizational development
C)Operations improvement
D)Strategy formulation

Question 57

In spurring organizational change,outside consultants are usually more ________ whereas internal managers tend to be more ________.

A)drastic; cautious
B)highly paid; uncertain
C)resistant; bold
D)interested; apathetic

Question 58

According to our textbook,managers' options for change fall into which three categories?

A)environment,technology,and strategy
B)structure,technology,and people
C)policies,procedures,and management
D)structure,technology,and products

Question 59

A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing what change category?

A)structure
B)culture
C)people
D)technology

Question 60

In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change,managers should expect change at any time,and it may last for unspecified lengths of time.

Question 61

Which structural variable that can foster innovation is present already at Lightspeed?

A)organic structures
B)abundant resources
C)low external controls
D)high interunit communication

Question 62

A technician named Nelly was very concerned that some of the changes proposed by Kelly would lead to increased filing errors that would ultimately affect patient care.Nelly's resistance to change came from her ________.

A)belief that uncertainty would increase
B)fear that she would be forced out of her habit
C)belief that Kelly's changes would harm the organization
D)concern about increased ambiguity

Question 63

Before using the same OD techniques to implement behavioral changes across different countries,managers need to be sure that they've taken into account ________.

A)interpersonal relationships
B)organizational differences
C)societal differences
D)cultural characteristics

Question 64

A technician named Shelly was particularly concerned about the changes.She had spent a number of years befriending a particular doctor and had earned special privileges,such as taking extended lunches with her husband,because of it.Shelly's resistance to change came from her ________.

A)belief that uncertainty would increase
B)fear that she would be forced out of her habit
C)concern over personal loss
D)belief that Kelly's changes would harm the organization

Question 65

Employees are more willing to accept change if management ________.

A)offers bonuses for working harder
B)install technology to improve working conditions
C)involves employees in the process
D)keeps top management apart from the change process

Question 66

Which OD technique is used when an outside consultant helps managers to understand how interpersonal processes are affecting the organization?

A)intergroup development
B)survey feedback
C)process consultation
D)sensitivity training

Question 67

If Edwin decided to replace some employee work time with a new telephone menu system to improve productivity,this would be an example of ________.

A)work specialization
B)formalization
C)decentralization
D)automation

Question 68

Change threatens the investment that people have already made in ________.

A)job training
B)the status quo
C)new job procedures
D)the strategic plan

Question 69

People resist change because change replaces the known with ________.

A)innovation and creativity
B)process redesign
C)strategy reformulation
D)ambiguity and uncertainty

Question 70

If Edwin wanted to change people and the quality of interpersonal work relationships,he could do so by implementing ________ programs.

A)job redesign
B)organizational development
C)interpersonal development
D)process redesign

Question 71

Which of the following structural suggestions would most likely improve innovation at Lightspeed?

A)limit resources
B)increase time pressures
C)become more organic
D)increase external controls

Question 72

How can managers increase the likelihood of making change happen successfully?

A)They should realize that they are just change agents not change leaders.
B)They should discourage entrepreneurial mindsets which disrupt the process.
C)They should give individual employees a role in the change process.
D)They should ensure that established work processes are not disturbed.

Question 73

Which OD technique is designed to change behaviour through unstructured group interaction?

A)intergroup development
B)personality assessment
C)team building
D)sensitivity training

Question 74

If Kelly decided to enhance productivity by giving greater authority to other technicians and increasing formalization,she would be addressing which category of change?

A)structure
B)people
C)processes
D)culture

Question 75

Edwin decided that his employees could benefit from ________,an OD technique designed to change behaviour through unstructured group interaction.

A)process consultation
B)team building
C)intergroup development
D)sensitivity training

Question 76

If Edwin decided to remove a layer of managers and increase the span of control,he would be making a change in which of the following categories?

A)technology
B)people
C)processes
D)structure

Question 77

If Edwin decided to introduce new methods and work processes,he would be making a change in which of the following categories?

A)technology
B)people
C)strategy
D)structure

Question 78

In an effort to change the attitudes,perceptions,and stereotypes that each group of technicians holds about each other,Kelly decides to use the popular OD technique of ________.

A)process consultation
B)team building
C)sensitivity training
D)intergroup development

Question 79

Kelly's office has two doctors with very different work habits.Each has his own team of technicians who are used to the doctors' preferences and are comfortable with their routines.They basically do the same thing every day.When Kelly suggested training all the technicians to work with both doctors,the result was significant resistance.The technicians were concerned that they would no longer be able to perform their usual daily tasks.The primary source of their resistance was ________.

A)increased ambiguity
B)forced change of habit
C)concern over personal loss
D)loss of status and authority

Question 80

Resistance to change is likely to be lower if managers ________.

A)lay off people who resist change
B)offer bonuses for working harder
C)provide clear communication
D)compel employees to accept the changes