Deck 17: Endocrine System

Question 1

An underproduction of growth hormone from birth leads to a condition known as

A)pygmyism
B)gigantism
C)pituitary dwarfism
D)pineal midget
E)malabsorption

Answer 1

pituitary dwarfism

Question 2

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone is

A)corticotropin
B)cortisol
C)thyrotropin
D)vasopressin
E)corticosteroid

Answer 2

corticotropin

Question 3

The condition caused by enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet in an adult as a result of excess growth hormone is called

A)Prognathism
B)Hypopituitarism
C)Insipidus
D)Acromegaly
E)Dwarfism

Answer 3

Acromegaly

Question 4

Of the following words, which one means pertaining to or near the kidney?

A)Apical
B)Adrenal
C)Axial
D)Androgenic
E)Lithotripsy

Question 5

The adrenal gland is located ______________ the kidney.

A)inferior to
B)on top of
C)embedded in
D)posterior to
E)distal to

Question 6

Endocrine glands that occur in pairs, rather than singly, are the

A)pituitary and pineal
B)thyroid and thymus
C)adrenal and gonad
D)thymus and pancreas
E)kidney and pancreas

Question 7

Overproduction of growth hormone stimulates excessive growth of bones and muscles. It is almost always caused by a benign pituitary adenoma. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)The hypophysis is not involved.
B)It is usually malignant.
C)The integumentary system is involved.
D)Dwarfism could be a result.
E)The musculoskeletal system is involved.

Question 8

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems?

A)Serotonin
B)Thyroxine
C)Calcitonin
D)Pepsinogen
E)Catecholamine

Question 9

A synonym for growth hormone is

A)prolactin
B)thyrotropin
C)corticotropin
D)somatotropin
E)neurotoxin

Question 10

Which of the following words has a prefix meaning below?

A)Hypophysis
B)Hypertension
C)Hypnosis
D)Extracorporeal
E)Suprarenal

Question 11

The thyroid and parathyroid glands belong to the ____________________ system.

A)alimentary
B)vascular
C)endocrine
D)integumentary
E)reproductive

Question 12

Which of the following words referring to another name for the pituitary gland is spelled correctly?

A)Hyperphyses
B)Hypoffesis
C)Hypophysis
D)Hipopysis
E)Hipyphisis

Question 13

Which of the following words refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates production of milk?

A)Tropin
B)Thyroxine
C)Prostaglandin
D)Progestin
E)Prolactin

Question 14

The type of depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter, is abbreviated as

A)MADD
B)SAD
C)STD
D)SOB
E)SADD

Question 15

Which of the following words containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract?

A)Prostaglandin
B)Melatonin
C)Leptin
D)Insulin
E)Oxytocin

Question 16

Which of the following words means a chemical formed in one tissue or organ to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ?

A)Hormone
B)Enzyme
C)Protein
D)Ovarian
E)Organelle

Question 17

The word endocrine refers to a gland that

A)releases digestive enzymes
B)produces sweat
C)produces an external secretion
D)produces an internal secretion
E)regulates heart rhythm

Question 18

Which of the following words refers to an agent that decreases urine production?

A)Antidiuretic
B)Antibiotic
C)Anoxic
D)Anemic
E)Prostaglandin

Question 19

Of the following words, which one has a prefix meaning all?

A)Prolactinoma
B)Panhypopituitarism
C)Bilateral
D)Suprarenal
E)Acromegaly

Question 20

The word pineal refers to a(n)

A)organ
B)cell
C)tissue
D)gland
E)system

Question 21

Which of the following words has a prefix meaning three?

A)Monoglyceride.
B)Bilateral.
C)Triiodothyronine.
D)Polysaccharide.
E)Thyroxine.

Question 22

The word hypercalcemia means

A)a condition of increased intake of high-calorie foods
B)a condition of normal levels of calcium in the body
C)pertaining to excessive calcium in the urine
D)a blood condition of excessive calcium
E)pertaining to decreased calcium in the bones and teeth

Question 23

Which chemical element is required by the thyroid?

A)Carbon
B)Iodine
C)Iron
D)Nitrogen
E)Calcium

Question 24

A condition of abnormal height and size of the entire body is referred to as

A)Gigantism
B)Goiter
C)Hirsutism
D)Virilism
E)Acromegaly

Question 25

A type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood is called

A)Crohn's disease
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Hashimoto disease
D)Graves disease
E)Myxedema

Question 26

A patient has normal thyroid gland function. Which of the following words would be used to describe the patient's thyroid gland?

A)Euthyroid
B)Hypothyroid
C)Hyperthyroid
D)Antithyroid
E)Thyroiditis

Question 27

Of the following words, which one has a prefix meaning highest point or extremity?

A)Nadir
B)Insipidus
C)Acromegaly
D)Endocrine
E)Prolactin

Question 28

The H in GH and FSH stands for

A)hemoglobin
B)hormone
C)hapten
D)hemisphere
E)hiatal

Question 29

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A)a goiter
B)an adenoma
C)a thymoma
D)thyromegaly
E)thyrotrophy

Question 30

Read this selection: Calcitonin stimulates osteoblastic activity to promote calcium deposition and bone formation. It is secreted in response to hypercalcemia. Which of the following statements best describes the function of this hormone?

A)Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is decreased.
B)Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is increased.
C)Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are equally stimulated by calcitonin.
D)High levels could cause osteoporosis.
E)The major target tissue is in the thyroid gland.

Question 31

The abbreviation for a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is

A)PT
B)PTT
C)PTH
D)PST
E)PSA

Question 32

The suffix -oma means

A)disease
B)benign
C)malignant
D)tumor
E)condition

Question 33

The two thyroid hormones produced by the small follicles lined with epithelial cells in the thyroid gland are

A)calcitonin and T₃
B)calcitonin and CT
C)thyroxine and T₄
D)thyroid stimulating hormone and calcitonin
E)T₃ and T₄

Question 34

Which of the following words, meaning abnormal thinness, is correctly spelled?

A)Imasiation
B)Immatiation
C)Amaciashun
D)Emmasiation
E)Emaciation

Question 35

A synonym for thyroid cartilage is

A)Adam's apple
B)pharynx
C)trachea
D)thymus
E)xyphoid process

Question 36

The medical term for protrusion of the eyeball is

A)ophthalmia
B)exophthalmos
C)Myxedema
D)Hashimoto disease
E)goiter

Question 37

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat which of the following conditions?

A)Hypothyroidism
B)Graves disease
C)Hyperthyroidism
D)Hyperparathyroidism
E)Hypogonadism

Question 38

The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a

A)Thyrotoxicosis
B)Thyroidotomy
C)Thyroidostomy
D)Thyroidectomy
E)Thyroidoscopy

Question 39

Which word containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition involving the jaw?

A)Promyelocyte
B)Prolactin
C)Prognathism
D)Prothrombin
E)Anastomosis

Question 40

The abbreviation for a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland is

A)ACTH
B)PTH
C)TMJ
D)TSH
E)TURP

Question 41

The removal of a part or the whole of an adrenal gland is called a(n)

A)adenectomy
B)adrenalectomy
C)adrenalotomy
D)adenotomy
E)nephrectomy

Question 42

The condition resulting from hypersecretion of cortisol, and manifested by a "moon" face, obesity of the trunk, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and weakness, and a reduced resistance to infections is called

A)Addison disease
B)Cushing syndrome
C)Conn syndrome
D)Hashimoto disease
E)Myxedema

Question 43

The disease caused by adrenal gland insufficiency, specifically a decreased production of adrenocortical steroids is called ___________________________disease.

Question 44

Read this selection: Hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to sodium retention and potassium loss with increased blood volume, hypertension, excessive thirst, and excessive urination. A benign adenoma is the most common cause and can be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Which of the following statements best describes this condition?

A)Surgery is seldom necessary.
B)There is hypervolemia and low blood pressure.
C)Polyuria is a complication.
D)A malignancy is a common cause.
E)The etiology is usually unknown.

Question 45

Cretinism results from ____________________ hypothyroidism.

A)antibody-induced
B)chronic, mild
C)subacute, drug-induced
D)acute, acquired
E)severe, congenital

Question 46

A benign tumor of the thymus is called

A)a thymocyte
B)a thymoma
C)a goiter
D)Hashimoto disease
E)DiGeorge syndrome

Question 47

A medicine that is labeled PO should be given

A)by mouth
B)intravenously
C)intramuscularly
D)pre-operatively
E)post-operatively

Question 48

Repeated and prolonged episodes of stress can cause a state of exhaustion within the immune system which can ultimately cause

A)a decreased secretion of insulin
B)an overproduction of estrogens
C)an overproduction of antibodies
D)an overwhelming infection
E)an increased storage of glycogen

Question 49

The most effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism is

A)administering thyroid hormone
B)administering iodine
C)surgical removal of the gland
D)implanting radioactive isotope pellets
E)administering diuretics

Question 50

In the word pheochromocytoma, what does the prefix mean?

A)color
B)tumor
C)gray
D)organic compound
E)origin

Question 51

Which of the following words has an element meaning recording?

A)Adjuvant
B)Mineralcorticoid
C)Ultrasonography
D)Hyperalimentation
E)Electrolysis

Question 52

Which of the following words, meaning development of masculine characteristics by a female, is spelled correctly?

A)Virilism
B)Virrilistic
C)Virallist
D)Viralism
E)Virillisum

Question 53

Read this selection: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that overproduces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. A patient with this tumor has hypertension that is difficult to control, severe headaches, tachycardia, palpitations, and feelings of impending death. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)Adrenaline production is not changed.
B)The low blood pressure is easily treated.
C)The heart is one organ that is not affected.
D)The high blood pressure is accompanied by increased pulse rate.
E)There is little reason for discomfort or anxiety.

Question 54

There are usually _____________ parathyroid glands embedded in the ________________.

A)2; thymus
B)4; thyroid gland
C)4; adrenal glands
D)6; pancreas
E)6; thyroid gland

Question 55

Read this selection: Whatever the causes of hyperthyroidism, the symptoms are those of increased body metabolism. These include tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, shakiness, anxiety, weight loss despite increased appetite, and diarrhea. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)Anorexia is present.
B)The BMR is decreased.
C)The pulse rate and blood pressure are increased.
D)Thyroid hormones are decreased.
E)BMs are infrequent and hard.

Question 56

A synonym for adrenaline is

A)catecholamine
B)cortisol
C)norepinephrine
D)aldosterone
E)epinephrine

Question 57

Which of the following words containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to an opposing structure, agent, or process?

A)Antagonist
B)Protagonist
C)Agonist
D)Contralateral
E)Intussusception

Question 58

The word which means excessive body and facial hair is

A)Alopecia
B)Facies
C)Virilism
D)Gynecomastia
E)Hirsutism

Question 59

A synonym for the word healing is

A)symptomatic
B)diagnostic
C)etiology
D)curative
E)adjuvant

Question 60

The word __________________ means standard or rule for judging, and its plural form is ____________________.

A)critic; critices
B)critical; criticalities
C)criteria; criterias
D)criterion; criteria
E)cryptogram; cryptograms

Question 61

A pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output is called

A)Thyroxine
B)Prolactin
C)Vasopressin
D)Oxytocin
E)Hypophysis

Question 62

The normal value for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is _____________ percent.

A)less than 6
B)9 to 12
C)13 to 16
D)17 to 20
E)20 to 25

Question 63

A patient with a malignant lesion on the thyroid gland would likely receive which classification of medication?

A)Antithyroids
B)Radioactive iodine
C)Thyroid replacements
D)Chemotherapy
E)Pituitary hormone blockers

Question 64

Which of the following words has a suffix meaning tumor?

A)Oncology
B)Malignant
C)Catecholamine
D)Aldosteronoma
E)Aldosterone

Question 65

A congenital absence of the thymus gland is called

A)Hashimoto disease
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Conn syndrome
D)hypothymoma
E)Addison disease

Question 66

Which of the following words has an element meaning new?

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Glucagon
C)Insulin
D)Somatostatin
E)Epinephrine

Question 67

The word polyuria means excessive

A)use of medication
B)sleepiness
C)loss of sugar in the urine
D)retention of urine
E)production of urine

Question 68

Which of the following words has a suffix meaning to break down?

A)Pancreatitis
B)Somatostatin
C)Diabetic
D)Glycogenolysis
E)Gluconeogenesis

Question 69

A condition of severe hypothyroidism seen in an adult is called

A)Hashimoto disease
B)myxedema
C)Graves disease
D)thyroid storm
E)cretinism

Question 70

Which of the following words means a condition of excessive thirst?

A)Hyperglycemic
B)Polyphagia
C)Polydipsia
D)Polycythemia
E)Hyperdipsia

Question 71

The first organ affected by hypoglycemia is the

A)stomach
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)brain
E)kidney

Question 72

Diabetes which occurs during pregnancy is called ________________diabetes.

Question 73

The word that describes an agent or process that aids the action of another is

A)antagonist
B)synergist
C)synonym
D)symptom
E)symbolism

Question 74

The name of the condition that results from very low levels of parathyroid hormone causing painful muscle spasms is _______________________.

Question 75

The word glycosylated means

A)complex amino acids
B)the same as a polysaccharide
C)bound to salt
D)linked to glucose
E)chains of peptide bonds

Question 76

The suffix which means stimulation is

A)-tropin
B)-steroid
C)-physis
D)-ine
E)-hormonal

Question 77

A patient has a nodule on the thyroid gland. Which of the following tests would be best to perform in determining whether the nodule is benign or malignant?

A)Isotopic thyroid scan
B)Ultrasonography
C)TSH blood levels
D)Fine needle aspiration biopsy
E)Antithyroid antibodies

Question 78

Polydipsia and polyuria both contain an element meaning

A)eating
B)drinking
C)a urinary condition
D)many or much
E)above normal

Question 79

The term thyrotoxicosis means

A)an inflammation of the thyroid gland due to a poison
B)an abnormal condition of thyroid gland poisoning
C)an inflammation of the inner lining of the thyroid gland
D)an opening made into the thyroid gland to drain poison
E)an inflammation of the thyroid gland causing blood poisoning

Question 80

The action of FSH is to

A)stimulate the mammary glands after pregnancy to produce milk
B)stimulate cells to enlarge and divide, particularly in childhood and adolescence
C)stimulate ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum in the ovary
D)stimulate the development of eggs by the ovaries and sperm production in the testes
E)stimulate the kidneys to reduce the volume of urine that is produced