Deck 11: Growth

Question 1

Which of the following pertaining to auxins is true?

A) Their migration from the cells where they originate is relatively slow.
B) Their movement is polar.
C) Their movement requires the expenditure of energy stored in ATP molecules.
D) They tend to proceed through parenchyma cells surrounding vascular bundles.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Naturally occurring and synthetic __________ such as 2,4-D, are the basis of many 'weed killers', especially for broad leaf weeds in lawns.

A) abscicic acid
B) auxins
C) cytokinins
D) ethylene
E) gibberellins

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The plant physiologist credited with the discovery of auxins was

A)Frits Went.
B)Charles Darwin.
C)Francis Darwin.
D)R.F.M.van Steveninck.
E)P.F.Wareing.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Commercial chrysanthemum growers may use a growth retardant to produce short, sturdy plants.It acts by blocking synthesis of ______________.

A) abscisic acid
B) auxin
C) cytokinin
D) ethylene
E) gibberellin

Question 5

Internal environmental factors coordinating plant growth and development include ________.

A) water quality
B) light
C) hormones
D) temperature
E) day length

Question 6

Which plant hormone was isolated from a fungus causing "foolish-seedling disease"?

A) Cytokinin
B) Auxin
C) Ethylene
D) Gibberellin
E) ABA

Question 7

Which of the following plant growth processes appear to be affected by gibberellin?

A) Increasing stem growth.
B) Reversing genetic dwarfism.
C) Breaking seed dormancy.
D) Stimulate growth at lower temperatures.
E) All of these.

Question 8

The defoliant Agent Orange was a 1-to-1 mixture of 2,4-D and

A) TCDD.
B) 2,4,5-T.
C) DDT.
D) TCP.
E) 2,4,6-Z.

Question 9

One cellular process that is affected by auxin is the ____________________.

A) promotion of cell division in the cambium
B) stimulation of ion transport into the vacuole
C) formation of chloroplasts
D) inhibition of ATP synthesis
E) opening of stomates

Question 10

A precursor is

A) a traveling electron.
B) a growth-regulating substance.
C) a simple molecule that is converted to a more complex molecule.
D) a gene that determines writing style.
E) one who is predisposed to using profanity.

Question 11

Phenylacetic acid (PAA)is a/an ____________.

A) gibberellin
B) auxin
C) cytokinin
D) an ethylene derivative
E) none of these answers are correct

Question 12

External environmental factors influencing plant growth and development include __________.

A) water quality
B) water availability
C) minerals
D) light
E) all of these

Question 13

An important commercial use of auxin is to

A) defoliate forests.
B) induce fruit ripening.
C) cause fruit to drop so ground harvesting can take place.
D) stimulate production of adventitious roots on stem and leaf cuttings.
E) stimulate flowering.

Question 14

Which of the following groups of plants tends to be the least sensitive to auxins?

A) Herbaceous dicots.
B) Monocots.
C) Woody dicots.
D) Flowering plants with net-veined leaves.
E) Plants with flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5.

Question 15

Auxins promote the growth of the stem by

A) promoting cell division.in the apical meristem.
B) by promoting cell elongation.
C) by promoting stomatal opening for greater photosynthesis.
D) by inhibiting flowering.
E) by inhibiting bud dormancy.

Question 16

___________ is defined as an irreversible increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells.

A) Development
B) Differentiation
C) Determination
D) Growth
E) Change

Question 17

Which of the following functions as a precursor in the synthesis of gibberellins?

A)Vitamin A.
B)Cytokinin.
C)Vitamin D.
D)Acetyl CoA.
E)Starch.

Question 18

Hormones differ from vitamins in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) Hormones control development; vitamins are needed for functioning of some enzymes.
B) Hormones are required in far smaller amounts than vitamins.
C) Hormones are inorganic molecules whereas vitamins are small organic molecules.
D) Hormones move from site of production to site of action; vitamins are produced in cells where they are utilized.
E) Plant hormones have no function in animals; vitamins are needed by animals and many are obtained from plants.

Question 19

The Japanese scientist who reported the discovery of bakane ("foolish seedling")effect on rice was

A) Nakasone.
B) Hirohito.
C) Fuji.
D) Kurosawa.
E) Kaneshiro.

Question 20

Genes, acting in conjunction with the environment, control patterns of _________________.

A) growth
B) development
C) differentiation
D) response to environmental changes
E) all of these

Question 21

This plant pigment has two forms; one form absorbs red light and is then converted into the second form that absorbs far-red light.The second form, after absorption of far-red light, is converted back into the red absorbing form.This pigment is

A) cryptochrome
B) phytochrome
C) chlorophyll b
D) beta carotene
E) auxotropin

Question 22

Plant movements that are not oriented relative to the direction of the stimulus are called

A) phototropisms.
B) nastic movements.
C) etiolated movements.
D) thigmotropisms.
E) silhouette movements.

Question 23

The suppression of the growth of axillary or lateral buds is called

A) metabolic inhibition.
B) dioxin toxic syndrome.
C) recessive meristem induction.
D) cytokinin-gibberellin negation.
E) apical dominance.

Question 24

Plants that have two critical photoperiods in order to flower are called

A) short-day plants.
B) long-day plants.
C) day-neutral plants.
D) critical-day plants.
E) intermediate-day plants.

Question 25

Which of the following play a major role in water-conservation movements of grasses?

A) Bulliform cells
B) Epidermal cells
C) Mesophyll cells
D) Glands
E) Fibers

Question 26

Differentiation refers to changes in the structure of a cell so that it can perform a specific function.

Question 27

The most important effect of cytokinin is its influence on

A) cell division.
B) stomatal opening.
C) cell elongation.
D) flowering.
E) dormancy.

Question 28

Absicsic acid is associated with maintaining ___________ in buds and seeds.

A) turgor pressure
B) color
C) dormancy
D) growth and development
E) steady rates of cell division

Question 29

Which of the following is used by nurseries to cause active plants to become dormant?

A) Cytokinin
B) Ethylene
C) Abscisic acid
D) Gibberellins
E) Auxin

Question 30

Special cells that facilitate the perception of gravity by root caps and coleoptiles are

A) statoliths.
B) leucocytes.
C) taxes.
D) amyloplasts.
E) plebiscites.

Question 31

There probably is only one auxin naturally produced by plants.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Turgor movements were the basis for Linnaeus' garden clock.
B) Nastic movements are a type of turgor movement in flat organs.
C) In plants or plant parts that show turgor movements, the entire plant moves.
D) In a pulvinus, water slowly moves out of the xylem into the surrounding area, causing movement.
E) A phototropism is a form of turgor movement.

Question 33

The movement of a leaf blade on its petiole to keep the blade oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays throughout the day is facilitated by

A) bulliform cells.
B) motor cells.
C) tracheids.
D) passage cells.
E) laticifers.

Question 34

The fruit ripening process releases large quantities of

A) auxin.
B) cytokinin.
C) ethylene.
D) abscisic acid.
E) gibberellin.

Question 35

Which of the following is synthesized from carotenoid pigments in plastids?

A) Abscisic acid
B) Gibberellins
C) Ethylene
D) Auxins
E) Cytokinins

Question 36

A reduction in the elongation of stems subject to mechanical stresses is called

A) cladorestriction.
B) xylar reduction.
C) thigmomorphogenesis.
D) internode compression.
E) skototropism.

Question 37

The flowering of Arabidopsis is a result of turning on a gene called _______________________ which produces of a protein that moves from the leaves to the buds to initiate flowering.

A) phytochrome
B) CONSTANS
C) florigen
D) FLOWERING TIME
E) gibberellin

Question 38

Which of the following plant movements is due solely to an external stimulus?

A) Helical (spiraling) movement
B) Nodding movement
C) Twining movement
D) Gravitropism
E) None of these answers are correct

Question 39

Which of the following is a simple device that rotates a potted plant slowly about a horizontal axis?

A) Graviscope
B) Parallelostat
C) Phytomotor
D) Clinostat
E) None of these answers are correct

Question 40

Which of the following is an effect of light on auxin?

A) It develops into a more complex substance.
B) It disintegrates completely.
C) It migrates away from the light against a diffusion gradient.
D) It is increased in quantity.
E) It produces a stronger response.

Question 41

Variation in day and night temperatures may influence a species growth rate.

Question 42

Statoliths are involved in phototropisms.

Question 43

No developmental process (germination or root and shoot initiation, for example)is influenced by more than one plant hormone.

Question 44

Dormancy caused by a thick, impervious seed coat may be overcome by filing or nicking the seed coat.

Question 45

Apical dominance can be offset with an application of cytokinins to axillary buds.

Question 46

Grass leaves may roll up in dry weather when certain cells lose their turgor.

Question 47

Quiescence and dormancy with respect to seeds means exactly the same thing: that is, the embryo of a seed does not grow even if the conditions for growth are favorable.

Question 48

Garner and Allard were responsible for coining the term photoperiodism.

Question 49

The applications of certain gibberellins to a lawn can cause it to turn green earlier in the spring.

Question 50

Circadian rhythms are found in both plants and animals.

Question 51

The pigment phytochrome has only one role in plant development; that role is involvement in plant photoperiodism.

Question 52

Phototropic responses may vary according to light intensity.

Question 53

Day-neutral plants do not need light in order to flower.

Question 54

A plant that is spindly because it has been grown in the dark is said to be etiolated.