Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids?

A) chloroplasts
B) chromoplasts
C) symplast
D) leucoplasts
E) amyloplasts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls?

A) RNA
B) cellulose
C) lignin
D) protein
E) pectin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is

A) protoplasm.
B) cytosol
C) cell sap.
D) pectin.
E) stroma.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a

A) vacuolar membrane.
B) primary cell wall.
C) secondary cell wall.
D) middle lamella.
E) plasma membrane.

Question 5

The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called

A) chromatin.
B) stroma.
C) cristae.
D) protoplasm.
E) cell sap.

Question 6

Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory?

A) R. J. H. Dutrochet
B) Nehemiah Grew
C) Robert Hooke
D) Rudolph Virchow
E) Schleiden and Schwann

Question 7

The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the ___________________.

A) resolution
B) intensity of the light source
C) type of light used
D) use of stains and dyes
E) none of these

Question 8

According to the endosymbiotic theory

A) all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living.
B) living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter.
C) chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell.
D) new species arise when a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures.
E) DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized.

Question 9

Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes?

A) nucleotides
B) phospholipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) steroids

Question 10

Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are

A) thylakoids.
B) ribosomes.
C) mitochondria.
D) microtubules.
E) lysosomes.

Question 11

In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) middle lamella
C) nucleolus
D) chromosomes
E) ribosomes

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of __________________; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of ______________.

A) fungi; plants
B) bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals
C) fungi; plants and animals
D) plants and animals; bacteria
E) viruses; bacteria

Question 13

Mitochondria are

A) the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
B) mainly found in vacuoles.
C) the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions.
D) a part of Golgi bodies.
E) devoid of internal structure.

Question 14

Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells?

A) plasmodesmata
B) cell wall
C) centrioles
D) plastids
E) cell membrane

Question 15

The cell wall functions _______________________.

A) as support
B) as a barrier between plant and outside environment
C) as protection for fragile cells
D) to provide and maintain functional cell shape
E) all of these

Question 16

Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them "cells"?

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Robert Hooke
C) Francis Crick
D) Charles Darwin
E) Gregor Mendel

Question 17

Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ____________________.

A) phospholipids and proteins
B) cellulose and lignin
C) pectins and proteins
D) nucleic acid and wax
E) carbohydrates and proteins

Question 18

__________________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules.

A) Compound
B) Scanning electron
C) Dissecting
D) Scanning tunneling
E) Confocal scanning

Question 19

Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell?

A) chloroplast
B) cell membrane
C) mitochondrion
D) nucleus
E) chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus are correct.

Question 20

_____________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.

A) Magnifying glasses
B) Cameras
C) Electron microscopes
D) Telescopes
E) The Hubble telescope

Question 21

Which of the following structures found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or membranes?

A) Golgi bodies (dictyosomes)
B) plastids
C) ribosomes
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) nucleus

Question 22

Which of the pairs is mismatched?

A) chloroplast; photosynthesis
B) nucleus; chromosomes
C) microtubule; movement
D) mitochondrion; energy production
E) ribosome; digestion

Question 23

Which of the following are not found within chloroplasts?

A) starch grains
B) DNA
C) ribosomes
D) enzymes
E) dictyosomes (Golgi bodies)

Question 24

Cyclosis is explained as the

A) cycling of DNA to RNA.
B) secretion of cyclin.
C) cloning of a gene.
D) movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell.
E) cyclic nature of the mitotic process.

Question 25

The cell plate appears during

A) metaphase.
B) interphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.
E) prophase II.

Question 26

In plants such as ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, mitosis takes place mostly in

A) meristems.
B) wood.
C) the center of stems.
D) the center of roots.
E) leaves.

Question 27

A characteristic of metaphase is that

A) chromatids separate and move apart.
B) chromosomes are arranged randomly.
C) microtubules are synthesized.
D) the nucleolus re-forms.
E) chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane.

Question 28

Enzymes are synthesized on

A) ribosomes.
B) chloroplasts.
C) Golgi bodies.
D) the nucleus.
E) microbodies.

Question 29

Chromosomes shorten and thicken during this stage of the cell cycle.

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 30

Maintaining the internal pressure of plants cells is a function of the

A) dictyosome (Golgi).
B) cytoplasm.
C) lysosome.
D) vacuole.
E) microtubules.

Question 31

Following chromosome duplication, the 2 chromatids are held together at the

A) centrosome.
B) centromere.
C) telomere.
D) kinetochore.
E) centriole.

Question 32

In mitosis the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles during

A) prophase.
B) metaphase.
C) anaphase.
D) telophase.
E) interphase.

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

A) Increase in size and accumulation of building blocks for DNA synthesis.
B) Duplication of organelles and accumulation of components needed for actual cell division.
C) DNA replication.
D) Beginning of chromosome condensation.
E) Cytokinesis occurs

Question 34

Which of the following may be found in plant cell vacuoles?

A) water-soluble pigments
B) crystals
C) salts
D) sugars
E) all of these answers are correct

Question 35

The stacks of double membrane structures found in chloroplasts are

A) plasma membranes.
B) vacuolar membranes.
C) dictyosomes (Golgi bodies).
D) grana.
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 36

Which organelle is correctly matched with its function?

A) endoplasmic reticulum; starch storage
B) nucleolus; DNA synthesis
C) dictyosome (Golgi); packaging
D) chloroplast; RNA synthesis
E) vacuole; membrane synthesis

Question 37

The structure known as the ______________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus.

A) ribosome
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondrion
D) dictyosome (Golgi)
E) nucleus

Question 38

The middle lamella

A) appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers.
B) consists mainly of cellulose.
C) appears during anaphase.
D) is not formed if the phragmopast is present.
E) is an important living portion of the cell.

Question 39

In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication)of the DNA take place?

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 40

If a cell has 6 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during metaphase of mitosis?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
E) cannot be determined

Question 41

Protein synthesis takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 42

Vacuoles function in regulating the movement of RNA out of the nucleus.

Question 43

Communication between two daughter cells is maintained by the formation of ___________ during cytokinesis.

A) the middle lamella
B) the primary cell wall
C) the secondary cell wall
D) plasmodesmata
E) microtubular links

Question 44

The _______________________ initiates the formation of the new cell wall separating two daughter cells.

A) cell plate
B) centriole
C) phragmoplast
D) dictyosome
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

The secondary cell wall forms ______________________________.

A) after the cell reaches mature size and shape
B) in some, but not all plant cells
C) forms between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall
D) from cellulose and lignin
E) all of these

Question 46

Leucoplasts contain yellow to orange pigments.

Question 47

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in vacuoles.

Question 48

Cyclosis is another name for the cell cycle.

Question 49

The preprophase band, the spindle fibers, and the phragmoplast are involved in cell division and are part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 50

The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a chromatid.

Question 51

Phragmoplasts are produced during prophase of mitosis.

Question 52

Pasteur discovered that alcoholic fermentation involved the activity of yeast.

Question 53

Strictly speaking, mitosis refers only to division of nuclei-not cells.

Question 54

The nuclear envelope is porous to allow certain molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 55

Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw in cork tissue.

Question 56

Cell vacuoles contain water and dissolved substances.

Question 57

A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules.

Question 58

Golgi bodies (dictyosomes)appear as branches of chloroplasts in the cell.

Question 59

Material to be viewed with a transmission electron microscope must be nonliving.

Question 60

Replication (duplication)of DNA takes place during the S period of interphase.