Deck 29: The Turbulent Sixties Key

Question 1

In 1961,President John Kennedy saw legislative success in

A) a major tax increase.
B) a reduction of Social Security.
C) a major civil rights bill.
D) tariff reductions.
E) improved Soviet-American relations.

Answer 1

tariff reductions.

Question 2

President Lyndon Johnson's Medicare program

A) angered doctors by forcing them to lower their fees.
B) appealed mainly to poor and working-class Americans.
C) was broadly unpopular in the form in which it was enacted.
D) built on the success of his Medicaid program.
E) provided benefits to all seniors regardless of need.

Answer 2

provided benefits to all seniors regardless of need.

Question 3

Lyndon Johnson was similar to John Kennedy in his

A) family background.
B) personality.
C) political career.
D) active use of power.
E) All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

active use of power.

Question 4

The 1964 election saw

A) Lyndon Johnson distance himself from the memory of John Kennedy.
B) Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since.
C) Lyndon Johnson win a decisive victory over Richard Nixon.
D) Lyndon Johnson carry the entire South.
E) Republicans gain control of the Senate, but not the House.

Question 5

Great Society reforms

A) improved the lives of whites far more than blacks.
B) made no dent in reducing hunger in America.
C) were generally proven to be cost-effective.
D) contributed to the greatest reduction in poverty in American history.
E) grew in popularity over the next decade and a half.

Question 6

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and subsequent related measures

A) both offered aid to public and private schools, and based aid on student rather than school need.
B) managed to circumvent objections that the Kennedy administration had faced.
C) based aid on student need rather than school need.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) offered aid to both public and private schools.

Question 7

The Immigration Act of 1965

A) had little impact on the character of the American population.
B) maintained strict restrictions on immigrants from Africa.
C) eliminated rules that gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe.
D) allowed people from all parts of Latin America to enter the United States on an equal basis.
E) ended the strict limits on the total number of immigrants to be admitted each year.

Question 8

Legislation to prohibit segregation in all public accommodations was proposed

A) by Johnson and approved during the Nixon administration.
B) by Kennedy and approved during the Johnson administration.
C) and approved during the Kennedy administration.
D) by Eisenhower and approved during the Kennedy administration.
E) and approved during the Johnson administration.

Question 9

In the 1960 presidential election,

A) Richard Nixon was soundly defeated.
B) Richard Nixon won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote and the election.
C) Dixiecrat Harry
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) John Kennedy narrowly won the popular vote but fared slightly better in the electoral vote.

Question 10

The 1965 civil rights march in Selma,Alabama,involved all of the following EXCEPT the

A) resignation of Governor George Wallace.
B) murder of two northern whites.
C) involvement of Martin Luther King Jr.
D) televised attack on demonstrators by local police.
E) call for voting rights for blacks.

Question 11

The "Freedom Summer" campaign in 1964 focused on

A) housing discrimination.
B) desegregation of public accommodations.
C) fair employment practices.
D) school integration.
E) black voter registration and participation.

Question 12

Only weeks after taking office,President Lyndon Johnson declared a "war" on

A) illiteracy.
B) poverty.
C) crime.
D) racism.
E) intolerance.

Question 13

The Warren Commission investigation of the assassination of President John Kennedy concluded

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) Jack Ruby killed Oswald on the orders of an unknown third party.
C) both that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby killed Oswald on the orders of an unknown third party.
D) An unknown second gunman shot from a "grassy knoll" behind the motorcade.
E) Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy.

Question 14

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his

A) wealth.
B) womanizing.
C) religion.
D) lack of resources.
E) public image.

Question 15

Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech

A) saw King call for a significant shift in tactics in the quest of civil rights.
B) was made before a joint session of Congress and the Senate.
C) was made shortly after Lyndon Johnson become president.
D) was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history.
E) was given to commemorate passage of the Voting Rights Act.

Question 16

In the early 1960s,the SNCC was formed primarily by

A) college students.
B) the urban poor.
C) rural blacks.
D) Republicans.
E) Catholics.

Question 17

The Johnson administration's Office of Economic Opportunity

A) was criticized for its absence of minority appointments.
B) spent less than $500 million in its first two years of existence.
C) called for the relocation of many of the nation's urban poor.
D) included a controversial community action program.
E) eliminated poverty in many regions of the nation.

Question 18

In 1961,the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to

A) transport black workers to white-only businesses.
B) bring northern civil rights activists into the South to register black voters.
C) help move poor blacks out of the South.
D) transport black children to formerly all-white schools.
E) force the desegregation of bus stations.

Question 19

In 1963,civil rights activist Medgar Evers was murdered the same day

A) a federal court ruled James Meredith could attend the University of Mississippi.
B) Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech.
C) a black church was bombed in Birmingham, Alabama.
D) Governor George Wallace tried to prevent black students from enrolling in the University of Alabama.
E) Attorney General Robert Kennedy mandated the integration of bus and train stations.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the assassination of President John Kennedy?

A) Lee Harvey Oswald was shot and killed while in police custody.
B) The president was shot while in a motorcade in downtown Houston.
C) Kennedy was struck by three bullets.
D) The president died instantly.
E) Vice President Lyndon Johnson had made a last-minute decision not to accompany Kennedy.

Question 21

In 1965,the first major race riot in the United States since World War II took place in

A) Los Angeles.
B) Chicago.
C) Cleveland.
D) Memphis.
E) Detroit.

Question 22

George Kennan stated the "most disastrous" undertaking in the United States' history involved

A) Vietnam.
B) Korea.
C) Cuba.
D) Haiti.
E) Somalia.

Question 23

The Johnson administration

A) believed all of Vietnam should be restored to French control.
B) sent the first American combat troops to South Vietnam.
C) sent the first American military advisers to South Vietnam.
D) began removing military advisers from South Vietnam.
E) inherited a substantial American commitment to maintain South Vietnam.

Question 24

In 1956,the United States' interest in South Vietnam

A) was mainly in replacing the corrupt Ngo Dinh Diem government.
B) was predicated on Diem agreeing to hold free and open elections.
C) was nearly nonexistent.
D) was purely commercial.
E) had made the country a recipient of large amounts of American military and economic aid.

Question 25

The overthrow of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963

A) brought short-term political stability to South Vietnam.
B) was carried out by Soviet KGB operatives.
C) resulted in Diem's imprisonment and eventual exile.
D) was carried out by the National Liberation Front.
E) was supported by the Kennedy administration.

Question 26

In the 1960s,the philosophy of "black power"

A) encouraged greater racial assimilation.
B) disavowed the use of violence in the civil rights movement.
C) helped to unite the many different black civil rights groups.
D) called for an increased awareness of racial differences.
E) was rejected by groups such as SNCC and CORE.

Question 27

In 1961,President John Kennedy believed the major struggle against communism in the future would be waged in

A) Eastern Europe.
B) China.
C) Western Europe.
D) the Third World.
E) the Baltic.

Question 28

The National Liberation Front was

A) also known in the United States as the Viet Cong.
B) an organization attempting to overthrow the North Vietnamese government.
C) both created by Ngo Dinh Diem and also known in the United States as the Viet Cong.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) created by Ngo Dinh Diem.

Question 29

President Lyndon Johnson's first major foreign policy test came in 1961 during a crisis in

A) Brazil.
B) the Dominican Republic.
C) Singapore.
D) the Middle East.
E) Laos.

Question 30

Under the terms of the Geneva accords,Vietnam was

A) to unify with nearby Laos and Cambodia.
B) to be controlled by France.
C) permanently divided into two parts along the 17th parallel.
D) to receive military aid from the United States.
E) to hold elections in 1956.

Question 31

In the summer of 1967,racial conflicts in the United States

A) resulted in more than a hundred major disorders.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) both resulted in more than a hundred major disorders, and went ignored by the Johnson administration.
D) saw 43 people die in a racial clash in Detroit.
E) went ignored by the Johnson administration.

Question 32

In the 1962 Cuban missile crisis,the

A) United States ordered a naval and air blockade around Cuba.
B) Soviet Union launched a missile at an American naval destroyer.
C) United States made an air attack on Cuban missile sites.
D) Cubans attempted to install defensive nuclear weapons.
E) Soviet Union attempted to invade Cuba.

Question 33

The correct chronological order of the following events is

A) Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Cuban missile crisis.
B) Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban missile crisis.
C) Cuban missile crisis, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit.
D) Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis, Berlin Wall.
E) Berlin Wall, Vienna summit, Cuban missile crisis, Bay of Pigs.

Question 34

All of the following actions were initiated by President John Kennedy EXCEPT

A) the CIA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro.
B) the creation of the Peace Corps.
C) the creation of the "Alliance for Progress."
D) the creation of the Agency for International Development.
E) an expansion of the Green Berets.

Question 35

All of the following statements regarding affirmative action are true EXCEPT

A) affirmative action brought awareness to gender discrimination in the workplace and higher education.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) Lyndon Johnson supported affirmative action.
D) within a short amount of time, affirmative action guidelines quickly extended to virtually all institutions in the United States.
E) affirmative action requires employers to adopt positive measures to recruit minorities.

Question 36

In 1956,scheduled national elections for Vietnam were canceled because

A) the United Nations asserted it would be impossible to prevent election fraud.
B) the leader of the pro-Western government in South Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem, refused to hold them.
C) the communist government in North Vietnam refused to participate.
D) a leading presidential candidate was assassinated.
E) actions by the National Liberation Front (NLF) prevented free and open elections.

Question 37

In 1965,Malcolm X

A) denounced the Black Panthers.
B) belonged to the Nation of Islam for a time.
C) advocated nonviolence to end segregation.
D) was assassinated by white racists.
E) argued in favor of integration.

Question 38

During the Bay of Pigs operation,President John Kennedy decided to withhold

A) participation by CIA agents.
B) military air support.
C) a planned rocket bombardment.
D) the participation of Cuban exiles.
E) American ground troops.

Question 39

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union

A) saw President Kennedy criticize the construction of the Berlin Wall.
B) saw the United States and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.
C) was canceled in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs.
D) saw President John Kennedy agree not to invade Cuba.
E) saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war.

Question 40

The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to

A) provide economic aid to Cuba.
B) withdraw American troops from West Berlin.
C) remove American missiles from West Germany.
D) not invade Cuba.
E) restore diplomatic ties with Cuba.

Question 41

In 1967,President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by

A) calling for a tax reduction.
B) reinstalling the wartime wage and price controls of the Truman administration.
C) increasing taxes while agreeing to large funding reductions in Great Society programs.
D) raising the Federal Reserve interest rate.
E) reducing the American troops in Vietnam.

Question 42

For a time,President Johnson was successful both as a social reformer and a coalition builder.

Question 43

In January 1966,highly publicized hearings airing criticisms of the war were staged by

A) Senator J. William Fulbright.
B) Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara.
C) Secretary of Defense Clark Clifford.
D) General William Westmoreland.
E) Senator Robert Kennedy.

Question 44

In the Vietnam War,the "Ho Chi Minh Trail" was

A) continually moved by the North Vietnamese.
B) both continually moved by the North Vietnamese and eventually destroyed by American bombing raids.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) used by American troops to stage attacks on North Vietnam.
E) eventually destroyed by American bombing raids.

Question 45

The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was in response to

A) the decision by North Vietnam to arm its allies in the South.
B) the so-called "Tet Offensive" by North Vietnamese soldiers.
C) mortar attacks on the American embassy in Saigon.
D) alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers.
E) a Vietminh attack on an American-occupied air base in South Vietnam.

Question 46

Which of the following individuals was NOT at one point a candidate in the 1968 Democratic primaries?

A) Hubert Humphrey
B) Lyndon Johnson
C) Eugene McCarthy
D) Robert Kennedy
E) George McGovern

Question 47

President Kennedy called for a significant tax cut to promote economic growth early in his presidency.

Question 48

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A) gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict.
B) both gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict, and called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam.
C) resulted in a U.S. declaration of war on North Vietnam.
D) called for 250,000 U.S. combat troops to be sent to Vietnam.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 49

In 1968,during the Democratic convention in Chicago,antiwar protesters

A) forced significant changes to the party platform.
B) went on a destructive rampage through city streets.
C) invaded the convention hall.
D) were attacked by police in a bloody riot in the streets of Chicago.
E) organized a massive hunger strike that drew worldwide notice.

Question 50

In 1965,President Lyndon Johnson responded to an attack on Pleiku by

A) warning China and the Soviet Union not to be involved in Vietnam.
B) sending 250,000 American troops to Vietnam.
C) bombing North Vietnam.
D) mining the harbor of Haiphong.
E) organizing the Tet Offensive.

Question 51

The 1968 Tet offensive

A) was a major political defeat for President Lyndon Johnson.
B) permanently depleted the ranks of the NLF.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) was a military victory, in terms of the physical battles, for the United States.
E) both was a major political defeat for President Lyndon Johnson, and was a substantial military victory for the United States.

Question 52

In 1968,George Wallace ran for president

A) to draw attention to his opposition to segregation.
B) based on a variety of conservative grievances.
C) as a Democrat.
D) until he was wounded in an assassination attempt.
E) as a critic of the war in Vietnam.

Question 53

The 1968 presidential election results

A) saw George Wallace carry the entire South.
B) saw both George Wallace carry the entire South, and Hubert Humphrey win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) saw Hubert Humphrey win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.
E) were extremely close.

Question 54

In Vietnam,the American military "attrition" strategy

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) prevented North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers.
C) eventually broke the resolve of North Vietnam.
D) led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign.
E) both prevented North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers, and led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign.

Question 55

In the 1960 presidential election,Richard Nixon lost the popular vote by a wide margin.

Question 56

Robert Kennedy's assassin had apparently been angered by Kennedy's

A) statements in favor of Israel.
B) opposition to the war in Vietnam.
C) criticism of the nation's wealthy elite.
D) attacks on corruption in organized labor.
E) association with the civil rights movement.

Question 57

In Vietnam,the American "pacification" strategy

A) included giving Vietnamese villages significant economic aid.
B) was successful in the South, but not in the North.
C) eliminated the Viet Cong's ability to attack American patrols.
D) was replaced by the more heavy-handed "relocation" strategy.
E) called for a peaceful settlement with the North Vietnamese.

Question 58

All of the following statements regarding the 1968 Tet offensive are true EXCEPT that it

A) suggested to the American public something of the brutality of the fighting in Vietnam.
B) saw the communists fighting on the grounds of the American embassy in Saigon.
C) involved the fall of Saigon to the communists.
D) began on a Vietnamese holiday.
E) saw American troops inflict enormous casualties on the communists.

Question 59

By the end of 1967,the number of American troops in Vietnam had surpassed

A) 1,250,000.
B) 500,000.
C) 200,000.
D) 1,000,000.
E) 750,000.

Question 60

In the 1968 presidential campaign,Richard Nixon called for

A) stability and national law and order.
B) an immediate withdrawal of American military forces in Vietnam.
C) the diplomatic recognition of China.
D) a new commitment to effective social reform.
E) an end to the Cold War with the Soviet Union.

Question 61

The Vienna summit meeting represented an attempt by President Kennedy to convince Moscow to stop construction of the Berlin Wall.

Question 62

President Johnson supported civil rights legislation but opposed affirmative action.

Question 63

Ngo Dinh Diem was a Buddhist who had turned against his fellow Buddhists in order to fight the communists in Vietnam.

Question 64

Martin Luther King Jr.confined his civil rights campaigns to the South.

Question 65

Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech was part of a civil rights march on Washington to celebrate the passage of major civil rights legislation by Congress.

Question 66

Ngo Dinh Diem and John
F. Kennedy were both assassinated in November of 1963.

Question 67

Both Medicare and Medicaid were enacted during the Kennedy administration.

Question 68

President Kennedy canceled military air support for the Bay of Pigs operation.

Question 69

In the 1960s,the percentage of Americans living in poverty was nearly cut in half.

Question 70

President Johnson dispatched troops to the Dominican Republic to support a democratic government that was holding out against supporters of Fidel Castro.

Question 71

President Johnson based his proposals for federal aid to education on the needs of the schools themselves rather than on the needs of their students.

Question 72

In what areas of presidential leadership did John Kennedy most excel? Where was he most limited or unsuccessful?

Question 73

President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress was designed to be a complement to NATO by improving the military security of the Caribbean.

Question 74

In 1968,Richard Nixon won a strong personal mandate to lead the country.

Question 75

The Tet offensive of 1968 was a rare American victory and briefly revived the American public's support for the war.

Question 76

The Immigration Act of 1965 maintained a strict limit on the number of immigrants to be admitted to the United States,even as it eliminated much of the "national origins" system of the 1920s.

Question 77

Consider the presidencies of John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson.Why was Kennedy more popular with the public,and why was Johnson more successful in passing legislation?

Question 78

The first major race riot of the post-World War II period took place outside the South.

Question 79

What steps did Lyndon Johnson take to expand the liberal state? Which steps seemed to be successful,and why? Which did not seem to be successful,and why?

Question 80

The Kennedy administration created the plan to oust Castro from Cuba that became the Bay of Pigs operation.