Deck 22: The New Era Key

Question 1

In the 1920s,the idea of agricultural "parity" was

A) to equalize the average farmer income with the average industrial worker income.
B) strongly opposed by Congress.
C) to match crop production with demand.
D) invalidated by the passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill.
E) to ensure farmers would at least financially break even.

Answer 1

to ensure farmers would at least financially break even.

Question 2

During the 1920s,a great worry for industrialists was the fear of

A) inflation.
B) the rising bargaining power of labor unions.
C) the overproduction of goods.
D) a shortage in the number of skilled workers.
E) a shortage of consumer credit.

Answer 2

the overproduction of goods.

Question 3

During the 1920s,the trend toward industrial consolidation

A) bypassed the steel and automobile industries.
B) encouraged new competition.
C) emerged most rapidly in industries that were less dependent on technology.
D) was most pronounced in industries dependent on large-scale mass-production.
E) slowed considerably throughout the decade.

Answer 3

was most pronounced in industries dependent on large-scale mass-production.

Question 4

During the 1920s,Thomas Hunt Morgan was one of the American pioneers in

A) genetic research.
B) automation.
C) relativistic physics.
D) analog computers.
E) robotics.

Question 5

During the 1920s,wages for American workers

A) generally enabled a working-class family to thrive on a single income.
B) generally decreased as the labor market became tighter.
C) rose most quickly for unskilled workers.
D) generally rose at a rate far below increases in production and profits.
E) equaled or exceeded the rate of production growth.

Question 6

During the 1920s,the agricultural economy of the United States saw

A) a large decrease in the area of cultivated land.
B) farmers oppose using hybrid plants and chemical fertilizers.
C) the need for a larger labor supply.
D) a sharp decline in farmers' incomes.
E) demand for farm goods rise faster than production.

Question 7

In the 1920s,the development of practical radio communication was furthered by

A) its ability to receive more than just simple pulses.
B) both the theory of modulation and the use of vacuum tubes.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) the use of vacuum tubes.
E) the theory of modulation.

Question 8

Throughout the 1920s,the performance of the U.S.economy

A) saw ten straight years of continuous growth.
B) saw per capita income flatten while manufacturing output soared.
C) experienced a severe recession in 1923 that lasted two years.
D) struggled with a persistently high rate of inflation.
E) saw nearly uninterrupted prosperity coupled with severe inequalities.

Question 9

In the 1920s,"behavioral" psychologists argued

A) mothers should rely on trained experts for advice in raising children.
B) women had an instinctive capacity for being mothers.
C) mothers who sent their children to nursery school and kindergarten hurt their development.
D) maternal affection was sufficient for successful child-rearing.
E) midwives rather than doctors should aid in childbirth, for the emotional health of the child.

Question 10

In the workplace,the "open shop" meant

A) skilled workers were required to join a craft union.
B) labor unions had the right to organize that particular industry.
C) no worker was required to join a union.
D) workers had no right to join a union.
E) workers would be allowed to come and go as they pleased.

Question 11

During the 1920s,the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A) used strikes in an attempt to organize unskilled workers.
B) believed workers should be organized on the basis of skills.
C) created a partner organization, the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D) decided to shift away from craft unions.
E) became more radical after the death of Samuel Gompers.

Question 12

In 1920,the first commercial radio station to broadcast in the United States was in

A) Chicago.
B) Pittsburgh.
C) Philadelphia.
D) Cleveland.
E) New York City.

Question 13

In the 1920s bestseller,The Man Nobody Knows,Jesus Christ was portrayed as

A) a salesman.
B) 100% American.
C) embodying Republican values.
D) a prophet who would oppose consumerism.
E) a capitalist.

Question 14

During the 1920s,the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

A)was one of the few unions led by African Americans.
B)was formed by the American Federation of Labor.
C)None of these answers is correct.
D)was one of the few unions led by African Americans,and it was formed by the American Federation of Labor.
E)organized against sleeping car manufacturer A.Philip Randolph.

Question 15

During the 1920s,products that grew dramatically in use in the United States included

A) All these answers are correct.
B) electronics.
C) plastics.
D) home appliances.
E) synthetic fibers.

Question 16

During the 1920s,when $1,800 was considered the minimum annual income for a decent standard of living,the average annual income of a worker was approximately

A) $2,400.
B) $1,100.
C) $1,900.
D) $700.
E) $1,500.

Question 17

During the 1920s,airplanes

A) saw the development of the first experimental jet engines.
B) had no practical use.
C) experienced a great increase in commercial travel.
D) were largely a source of entertainment.
E) were used almost exclusively for military purposes.

Question 18

During the 1920s,most American industrial workers experienced all of the following EXCEPT

A) a rise in wages.
B) income levels at the "minimum comfort level."
C) employers trying to keep their labor costs low.
D) little control over their economic fate.
E) few opportunities to join a company union.

Question 19

In the 1920s,"welfare capitalism"

A) required corporations to provide some relief for unemployed workers.
B) encouraged employees to form single-industry labor unions.
C) gave workers a measure of control over their industry.
D) forced workers to donate much of their salaries to the less fortunate.
E) was a paternalistic approach used by corporate leaders on their workers.

Question 20

During the 1920s,all of the following immigrant groups were increasing their presence in the labor force in the West and Southwest EXCEPT the

A) Issei.
B) Chinese.
C) Filipinos.
D) Mexicans.
E) Japanese.

Question 21

After World War I,the new Ku Klux Klan

A) was a males-only organization.
B) became primarily concerned about Catholics, Jews, and foreigners.
C) was largely centered in the South.
D) focused primarily on intimidating African Americans.
E) officially renounced the use of violence.

Question 22

In his 1925 novel,The Great Gatsby,F.Scott Fitzgerald

A)dramatized the plight of Midwestern farmers.
B)ridiculed the hypocritical behavior of some in evangelical religion.
C)glorified wealthy Americans as examples of the "success ethic."
D)criticized the American obsession with material wealth.
E)satirized the inequalities in American politics

Question 23

In the 1920s,the "noble experiment" referred to

A) political isolationism.
B) laws to restrict child labor.
C) the Equal Rights Amendment for women.
D) the prohibition of alcohol.
E) female suffrage.

Question 24

In the 1920s,artists and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance

A) drew heavily from their African heritage.
B) both drew heavily from their African heritage and included writers Edna Ferber and Ezra Pound.
C) sought to inspire civil disobedience to further racial justice.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) included writers Edna Ferber and Ezra Pound.

Question 25

As president,Warren Harding

A) was unable to abandon the party hacks who had brought him to success.
B) had no sense of his own intellectual limits.
C) sought a revival of progressive reform.
D) proposed the United States join the League of Nations.
E) saw his administration end with his defeat in a bid for reelection in 1924.

Question 26

In the 1920s,a growing interest in birth control among middle-class women resulted from

A) the desire to maintain a rigid, Victorian female "respectability."
B) the attitude that sexual activity should not be for procreation only.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) the desire to delay childbirth to pursue a career outside of the home.
E) both the desire to delay childbirth to pursue a career outside of the home, and the attitude that sexual activity should not be for procreation only.

Question 27

The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921

A) promoted the establishment of daycare centers for the children of working women.
B) provided federal funds for child health-care programs.
C) was promoted by the American Medical Association.
D) was promoted by the National Women's Party.
E) was criticized for its promotion of birth control.

Question 28

During the Harding administration,the Teapot Dome scandal involved

A) the illegal sale of timber rights.
B) political blackmail.
C) transfers of national oil reserves.
D) the secret sale of armaments to Nicaragua.
E) graft in federal construction contracts.

Question 29

As a result of the Scopes trial of 1925,

A) fundamentalists reduced their political activism.
B) William Jennings Bryan decided to run one more time for president.
C) John Scopes was found innocent.
D) anti-evolution laws were repealed in most other states.
E) the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists subsided.

Question 30

During the 1920s,birth control in the U.S.

A) was limited to physical methods such as abstinence and withdrawal.
B) was illegal, in some form, in many states.
C) was strongly opposed by moralists such as Margaret Sanger.
D) included legal abortion in most states.
E) was among the major causes of poverty and distress in poor communities.

Question 31

All the following statements regarding Al Smith are true EXCEPT that he

A) was a progressive Democratic governor.
B) was unable to unite his divided party.
C) won the 1928 Democratic nomination.
D) was an Irish Catholic.
E) lost the 1924 nomination to William McAdoo.

Question 32

Al Smith lost the 1928 presidential election,in part because

A) he both failed to carry the South and maintained close connections to the oil industry.
B) of his close connections to the oil industry.
C) he failed to carry the South.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) of a financial scandal within his campaign.

Question 33

Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge were similar in

A) both their personalities and their passive approach to the presidency.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) their personalities.
D) ethics.
E) their passive approach to the presidency.

Question 34

In the election of 1924,among the political parties,

A) the Republican Party was seriously divided.
B) None of these answers is correct.
C) the Progressive Party was seriously divided.
D) the Democratic Party was seriously divided.
E) both the Democratic Party and the Progressive Party were seriously divided.

Question 35

In the 1920s,the "flapper" lifestyle

A) was applauded by most progressive suffragists.
B) was largely rejected by upper-class women.
C) had a particular impact on urban lower-middle-class and working-class single women.
D) was largely reserved for upper-class women.
E) was simply a clothing fad.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of the passage and application of the Eighteenth Amendment,which prohibited the sale of alcohol?

A) Many of the middle-class progressives who had originally supported prohibition began to oppose the experiment.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) Organized crime gained exclusive access to an enormous, lucrative industry.
D) It reduced drinking in some areas of the country.
E) It remained in effect for thirteen years.

Question 37

During the 1920s,the National Woman's Party campaigned primarily for the

A) Equal Rights Amendment.
B) Disarmament Amendment.
C) Balanced Budget Amendment.
D) Prohibition Amendment.
E) Nineteenth Amendment.

Question 38

The National Origins Act of 1924

A) was designed to alter the sources but not the overall number of immigrants.
B) included a quota system for the first time.
C) set a rigid limit of 150,000 immigrants a year.
D) discriminated against northwestern Europeans.
E) entirely banned immigration from East Asia to the United States.

Question 39

The Scopes trial of 1925 was a legal battle concerning the conflict between

A) blacks and whites.
B) creationism and evolution.
C) urban and rural society.
D) U.S. Steel and the Amalgamated Steelworkers' Union.
E) nativists and immigrants.

Question 40

The infamous Baltimore journalist of the 1920s who delighted in ridiculing religion,politics,the arts,and even democracy itself,was

A)H.L.Mencken.
B)F.Scott Fitzgerald.
C)Thomas Wolfe.
D)Sinclair Lewis.
E)John Dos Passos.

Question 41

The film The Birth of a Nation glorified the early Ku Klux Klan.

Question 42

H.L.Mencken,Sinclair Lewis,and
F. Scott Fitzgerald are all examples of writers who promoted a return of the progressive reform spirit in American society.

Question 43

The theory of modulation was pioneered by Canadian scientist Reginald Fessenden.

Question 44

To Herbert Hoover,"associationalism" meant

A) businesses being run by a governing board of management and labor representatives.
B) Congress and the president working together on economic legislation.
C) the formation of federal boards to oversee various aspects of industry.
D) states and the federal government working together to restrain business.
E) the creation of national organizations of businessmen in particular industries.

Question 45

The Scopes trial of 1925 resulted in a guilty verdict,but it also put fundamentalists on the defensive.

Question 46

In the 1920s,Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon succeeded in

A) eliminating half of the WWI debt.
B) cutting taxes on corporate profits and personal incomes.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) both eliminating half of the federal debt and dramatically trimming the federal budget.
E) dramatically trimming the federal budget.

Question 47

As secretary of commerce,Herbert Hoover considered himself

A) a champion of business cooperation.
B) a paragon of conservative America.
C) an internationalist in the tradition of Woodrow Wilson.
D) an enemy of wealth and privilege.
E) a believer in passive government.

Question 48

Prohibition did substantially reduce drinking in some parts of the United States.

Question 49

When prohibition went into effect in 1920,it had the support of not only most middle-class Americans,but most progressives as well.

Question 50

The majority of married women who worked outside the home in the 1920s were working class.

Question 51

Feminists such as Alice Paul championed the Sheppard-Towner Act because it provided federal funds for child health-care.

Question 52

In the 1920s,airplanes were largely curiosities and a source of entertainment.

Question 53

In the 1920s,as agriculture brought millions of acres of new land under cultivation,three million people left the farm sector.

Question 54

The practice of "welfare capitalism" in the 1920s involved most industrial workers.

Question 55

By the end of the 1920s,there were 60 million automobiles in the United States.

Question 56

During the 1920s,union membership fell from over 5 million to under 3 million.

Question 57

Champions of parity for farmers urged high tariffs against foreign agricultural competition.

Question 58

The American Federation of Labor began turning away from the idea of craft unions.

Question 59

Calvin Coolidge

A) claimed that Theodore Roosevelt was his political role model.
B) had no political experience prior to becoming vice president in 1920.
C) was less active a president than Warren Harding.
D) lost his party's bid for another nomination in the election of 1928.
E) believed the federal government should actively promote the social welfare of Americans.

Question 60

Throughout the 1920s,the federal government

A) supported the right of workers to organize as unions.
B) experienced a budget decrease, yet an increase in debt.
C) saw leaders of business take prominent positions in the federal government.
D) saw an increase in the budget and the national debt.
E) isolated itself from the business community.

Question 61

What was Hoover's "associationalism" and why did he champion it?

Question 62

Compare the ideas and social commentary of artists and writers in the 1920s with the artists and writers of the 1820s-1850s.

Question 63

What were the psychological effects on both individuals and society at large that resulted from increasing consumerism in the 1920s?

Question 64

Who were the prominent American writers in the 1920s? Why did a number of these writers express negative views of society?

Question 65

In what ways were working Americans of the 1920s better off? How were they worse off?

Question 66

Compare the political philosophies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson with those of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

Question 67

Why did the Democrats fall apart and concede control to a series of Republican presidents in the 1920s?

Question 68

Both Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge failed to serve out their presidential terms.

Question 69

What were the major achievements in technology and science during the 1920s,and how were they applied to society?

Question 70

What did the emergence of the Harlem Renaissance mean for African American culture? What were the contributions of some of its leading figures?

Question 71

Describe the many factors that resulted in America becoming more of a consumer society during the 1920s.

Question 72

Describe the status of women in the 1920s.What aspects of their activities and behavior showed significant change,and what remained the same?

Question 73

How did the status of organized labor change between 1919 and 1929?

Question 74

Why was American economic production and growth so successful during the 1920s? What were its strengths and weaknesses?

Question 75

Why did nativism reemerge with new strength after World War I? What cultural and legal effects did it have?

Question 76

Both Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge took essentially passive approaches to the presidency.

Question 77

In 1928,Democratic candidate Al Smith was the first Democrat since the Civil War not to carry the entire South.

Question 78

How did the federal government go about implementing prohibition? Why was prohibition ultimately a failure?