Deck 15: Reconstruction and the New South Key

Question 1

As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan,some Radical Republicans

A) ended military tribunals in favor of civil courts.
B) proposed abolishing the Court.
C) established military tribunals in additional Southern states.
D) reduced the number of justices on the Court.
E) tempered many of their Reconstruction plans.

Answer 1

proposed abolishing the Court.

Question 2

In 1865,Southern whites defined "freedom" as

A) the removal of freed blacks from their states.
B) controlling their future without Northern interference.
C) monetary compensation for lost slaves.
D) the right of Southern states to remain outside of the Union.
E) the right to use federal assistance to recover from the Civil War.

Answer 2

controlling their future without Northern interference.

Question 3

At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

A) Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.
B) a majority of senators voted to acquit.
C) Johnson resigned from office just prior to the vote.
D) every Senate Republican voted to convict.
E) Johnson was convicted and then pardoned by the Senate.

Answer 3

Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.

Question 4

During Reconstruction,most "carpetbaggers" were

A) Northern politicians who took offices in Southern states.
B) Northern white veterans who moved to the South.
C) former confederates who moved to the West.
D) white Southerners who moved to the North.
E) freedmen who moved out of the South.

Question 5

The Fourteenth Amendment

A) ended slavery throughout the United States.
B) was written in such a way as to appease the woman's suffrage movement.
C) gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.
D) was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
E) gave voting rights to all male Americans.

Question 6

In the 1860s,Black Codes were

A) enacted by the Freedmen's Bureau to give freed blacks voting rights.
B) designed to give whites control over freedmen.
C) holdovers from the antebellum era that were repealed by Southern state governments.
D) passed by Congress to govern former Confederate states.
E) vetoed by President Andrew Johnson.

Question 7

The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

A) was intended to bring Andrew Johnson into the presidency.
B) saw John Wilkes Booth convicted of the murder of the president.
C) involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.
D) had been planned at the highest levels of the Confederate government.
E) brought a Radical Republican to the presidency.

Question 8

At the end of the Civil War,the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was

A) about 2.5 million.
B) about 3.5 million.
C) about 800,000.
D) about 1 million.
E) about 6 million.

Question 9

During Reconstruction,the term "scalawags" referred to

A) white Southerners who still embraced their former affiliation with the Confederacy.
B) free black Southerners.
C) Northerners who moved south.
D) Southerners who moved north.
E) Southern white Republicans.

Question 10

In 1865,Southern blacks defined "freedom" as

A) independence from white control.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) immediate representation in the U.S. Congress.
D) an end to slavery.
E) the ability to return to their ancestral homelands.

Question 11

The Wade-Davis Bill

A) denied reentry into the Union by former Confederate states for 10 years.
B) was criticized by Conservative Republicans for being too mild.
C) quickly became the law of the land.
D) sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.
E) essentially followed President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans.

Question 12

The Freedmen's Bureau

A) was created to operate for only five years.
B) pushed for voting rights for former male slaves.
C) created millions of federal public works jobs for former slaves.
D) gave forty acres of land and a mule to millions of Southern blacks.
E) distributed food to millions of former slaves.

Question 13

As president,Andrew Johnson

A) offered some form of amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.
B) long delayed presenting his own plans for Reconstruction.
C) proposed delaying the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.
D) quickly sided with the Radical Republicans.
E) argued the South should be readmitted to the Union without conditions.

Question 14

The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

A) suffrage.
B) citizenship.
C) slavery.
D) income tax.
E) cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 15

In the final days of the Civil War,President Abraham Lincoln

A) called on the Confederacy to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States.
B) argued it best to readmit the Confederate states to the Union without condition.
C) declared that the Confederate government must repudiate its constitution.
D) met with Jefferson Davis in Richmond, Virginia.
E) insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

Question 16

The Tenure of Office Act

A) was roundly condemned by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
B) was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) was both designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority and roundly condemned by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
E) gave the Senate the power to appoint members of the president's cabinet.

Question 17

In 1868,President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

A) dismissed Edwin Stanton from office.
B) both violated the Tenure of Office Act and dismissed Edwin Stanton from office.
C) violated the Tenure of Office Act.
D) offered political opposition to Radical Republicans.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 18

President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the

A) number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.
B) percentage of freed slaves who must be given the right to vote before setting up a state government.
C) ratio of federal troops to freed slaves in each Southern state.
D) area of land in each state that should be reserved for former slaves.
E) ratio of federal to state money to be spent in rebuilding the Southern economy.

Question 19

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

A) they were hampered by the fact that no thought had been given to the task until the end of the war.
B) Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.
C) Conservatives sought many conditions to readmit the former Confederate states.
D) President Lincoln suggested that no conditions be put on the former Confederate states.
E) moderates believed the South should be readmitted without any concessions on black rights.

Question 20

In 1867,congressional plans for Reconstruction

A) required that state legislatures ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.
B) required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.
C) replaced federal military commanders in the South with civilian leaders.
D) granted forty acres of land to every adult male former slave.
E) were rejected by every former Confederate state.

Question 21

During the Johnson administration,the United States acquired

A) Hawaii.
B) the Virgin Islands.
C) Puerto Rico.
D) Guam.
E) Alaska.

Question 22

By the time Grant left office,Democrats had taken back control of the government in

A) none of the former Confederate states.
B) just three of the former Confederate states.
C) most of the former Confederate states.
D) all of the former Confederate states except South Carolina.
E) all of the former Confederate states except Florida.

Question 23

During Reconstruction,Southern African American officeholders

A) underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.
B) rarely engaged in illegal political activities.
C) did not serve in the federal Congress or Senate.
D) filled as many as five seats in the United States Senate.
E) were excluded from state constitutional conventions.

Question 24

Schuyler Colfax,Grant's vice president,

A) was fired by Grant for incompetence.
B) was assassinated by a disgruntled former plantation owner.
C) opposed almost every one of Grant's policies.
D) was involved in a stock-fixing scandal.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 25

During Reconstruction,there was a dramatic improvement in Southern

A) industry.
B) agriculture.
C) banking.
D) education.
E) transportation.

Question 26

During Reconstruction,per capita income for Southerners

A) rose for blacks and declined for whites.
B) rose for blacks and whites.
C) declined for whites.
D) rose for whites.
E) rose for blacks.

Question 27

In 1868,Ulysses S.Grant

A) entered the White House with no political experience.
B) won a huge victory.
C) relied on many of his former military advisors to join his administration.
D) ran against Republican Reconstruction policies.
E) was nominated by both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.

Question 28

The Alabama claims

A) were found by the Supreme Court to invalidate Radical Reconstruction.
B) ended an experiment in black landownership.
C) saw the United States refuse to pay Alabama for losses incurred during the Civil War.
D) involved complaints by the United States against England.
E) marked a renewed effort in asserting the rights of states over federal authority.

Question 29

Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871

A) gave legal protection to the Ku Klux Klan.
B) was vetoed by President Ulysses Grant.
C) was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.
D) allowed white Southerners to maintain a police state.
E) was designed to support the Black Codes.

Question 30

As president,Rutherford B.Hayes

A)helped to unify Republicans and Democrats.
B)promised to take the South back from the "Redeemers."
C)called for a modest expansion of Reconstruction programs.
D)promised to serve only one term.
E)refused to make political compromises with Democrats.

Question 31

After the Civil War,most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from

A) Northern financial institutions.
B) the federal government.
C) country stores.
D) state governments.
E) local banks.

Question 32

By the end of Reconstruction,

A) black women still could not marry with any legal standing.
B) most black women did not hold a job.
C) most Southern black women played a role in the family that was very different from that of white women.
D) most Southern black women did field work.
E) roughly half of all black women were working for wages.

Question 33

During Reconstruction,the Southern school system

A) only offered primary instruction.
B) initially were not segregated.
C) reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876.
D) barely reached any children of former slaves.
E) did not allow blacks to be teachers.

Question 34

Black sharecropping

A) involved close white supervision, which recalled the days of slavery.
B) usually led to economic independence.
C) differed sharply from the tenant system.
D) represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang-labor system.
E) was a very common occupation of former slaves.

Question 35

During Reconstruction,regarding land ownership in the South,

A) the Freedmen's Bureau distributed millions of acres of land to freedmen.
B) most plantations abandoned during the Civil War remained vacant.
C) ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased.
D) ownership by both whites and blacks increased.
E) the federal government vigorously acted to confiscate land owned by former Confederates.

Question 36

During Reconstruction,the black labor force worked

A) significantly more hours than the white labor force.
B) significantly less hours than the white labor force.
C) approximately the same number of hours as during slavery.
D) significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.
E) more hours than had been the case during slavery.

Question 37

Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of

A) All these answers are correct.
B) the Panic of 1873.
C) the growing political strength of Democrats.
D) perceptions of black and carpetbag misgovernment in the South.
E) the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 38

The elections of 1876 saw

A) the Supreme Court decide the presidential election.
B) Ulysses Grant make an unsuccessful bid for an unprecedented third term.
C) the governor of New York become president.
D) the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.
E) a Democrat become president for the first time since the Civil War.

Question 39

In the South,the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system

A) was generally imposed on blacks, but not white farmers.
B) encouraged the planting of cash crops.
C) saw interest rates rise as high as 20 or 30 percent.
D) nearly disappeared during Reconstruction.
E) led to crop diversification.

Question 40

The Panic of 1873

A) saw Republicans call on Grant to go off the gold standard.
B) began after the Southern crop-lien system collapsed.
C) was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.
D) began after revelations of corruption in the Grant administration.
E) saw President Grant favor putting more paper currency into circulation.

Question 41

President Johnson's plans for Reconstruction for the most part resembled the Wade-Davis Bill.

Question 42

Advocates of the "New South"

A) discouraged white women from working outside of the home.
B) promoted southern industry and railroad development.
C) opposed using northern capital.
D) challenged the assumptions of white supremacy.
E) in fact advocated a return to the plantation system of the antebellum South.

Question 43

After Reconstruction,political power under southern "Redeemers"

A) increased state services for the poor.
B) typically relied on raising taxes for its funding.
C) helped consolidate the "Solid South" for the Republican Party.
D) was very often restricted and conservative.
E) ignored the interests of industrialists.

Question 44

The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a resounding victory for the Republicans.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about the end of Reconstruction is accurate?

A) A lack of respect for private property and free enterprise prevented any real assault on economic privilege in the South.
B) Given the context within which Americans of the 1860s and 1870s were working, it is surprising that Reconstruction did so little.
C) Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them.
D) The president and his party had hoped to build up a "new Democratic" organization in the South.
E) The president and his party proved uninterested in supporting even modest acceptance of African American rights.

Question 46

Radical Republicans favored a reconstruction process that would readmit the former Confederate states to the Union with fairly few restrictions.

Question 47

In the 1890s,the black journalist Ida B.Wells devoted her writing to attacking

A)the loss of black voting rights.
B)the legality of segregation.
C)the crime of lynching.
D)the arguments of Booker T.Washington.
E)restrictions on black education.

Question 48

Even after the military fall of the South,Lincoln continued to insist that the Confederate government had no legal right to exist.

Question 49

President Johnson was impeached,but not convicted.

Question 50

The Freedmen's Bureau was a civilian agency under the control of the State Department.

Question 51

By the 1890s,voting percentages in the South had

A) decreased for both whites and blacks.
B) increased for whites and declined for blacks.
C) declined for blacks only.
D) increased for whites only.
E) increased for blacks only.

Question 52

President Johnson vetoed both the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Question 53

"Scalawags" were Southerners who moved north after the Civil War.

Question 54

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century,southern agriculture

A) saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.
B) saw a significant diversification of its crops.
C) saw a deceleration of the processes begun in the postwar years.
D) regained the profitability it had had prior to the Civil War.
E) saw a decline in absentee ownership of farmland.

Question 55

that

A) the Fourteenth Amendment was unconstitutional.
B) private institutions were exempt from laws against racial discrimination.
C) communities could have schools for whites only, even if there were no schools for blacks.
D) racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."
E) segregation by race in education was inherently unconstitutional.

Question 56

In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century,

A) the southern share of national manufacturing doubled.
B) southerners became more dependent on agriculture than ever.
C) most industrial growth came from coal mining.
D) per capita income fell sharply.
E) the average income reached 80 percent of that in the North.

Question 57

Reconstruction was neither a vicious tyranny,as white Southerners charged,nor a thoroughgoing reform,as many Northerners claimed.

Question 58

Among other positions,Booker T.Washington

A) proposed an exodus of blacks from the South to the West.
B) favored industrial over classical education.
C) argued that blacks spent too much time trying to impress the white middle class.
D) rejected the ideology of the "New South creed."
E) called on the federal government to offer job training for blacks.

Question 59

Jim Crow laws

A) challenged white Redeemer rule in the South.
B) imposed a system of state-supported segregation.
C) attacked the problem of lynching.
D) did not apply to public parks, beaches, or picnic areas.
E) led immediately to a dramatic black exodus from the South.

Question 60

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech,Booker T.Washington

A) criticized the federal government for abandoning southern blacks.
B) stated that blacks should give up in seeking equality with whites.
C) argued that blacks should honor their African forebears.
D) called for political and civil rights for black Americans.
E) called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

Question 61

What did the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution do? How successful was each in practice?

Question 62

African Americans were able to work in all types of industry in the South.

Question 63

Without the support of black voters in 1868,Ulysses S.Grant would have had only a minority of the popular vote.

Question 64

Booker T.Washington argued that blacks should concentrate on self-improvement before political rights.

Question 65

In the South as a whole,the percentage of black officeholders during Reconstruction was always far lower than the percentage of blacks in the population.

Question 66

Segregation of the races in the late nineteenth-century South resulted in declining violence against blacks.

Question 67

As sharecroppers,the black labor force in the South worked hours that were just as long as had been the case under slavery.

Question 68

The Democratic presidential candidate in 1876 won a majority of the popular vote,but he did not win the presidency.

Question 69

"Seward's Folly" refers to a financial scandal involving Grant's secretary of state,William Seward.

Question 70

In late-nineteenth-century southern politics,economic issues played a secondary role to the issue of race.

Question 71

Why has the presidency of Andrew Johnson generally been considered a failure by historians?

Question 72

Grant's response to bad economic times was to approve plans to increase the amount of money in circulation.

Question 73

Assess the presidency of Ulysses S.Grant.

Question 74

The most ambitious goal of the Radical Republicans was to reform landownership in the South.

Question 75

In 1865,what major challenges faced the nation? How did the various plans for reconstructing the nation attempt to address those challenges?

Question 76

Why did the elections of 1866 empower Radical Republicans?

Question 77

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached? Did he deserve to be removed from office?

Question 78

Despite defeat in the Civil War,white landownership actually increased during Reconstruction.

Question 79

How did the assassination of Abraham Lincoln affect Reconstruction?

Question 80

How did Lincoln's plan differ from those of the Radical Republicans?