Deck 18: Nutrition Throughout Adulthood

Question 1

Age-related degenerative changes can be minimized,prevented,or reversed by

A) exercising regularly.
B) getting enough sleep.
C) avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight.
D) eating nutritiously.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The diets of adults tend to be high in

A) vitamin D.
B) calcium.
C) fat.
D) zinc.
E) fiber.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficiencies is

A) women.
B) pregnant women.
C) low-income people.
D) older adults living in long-term care facilities.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who may not receive sufficient protein?

A) Adults with limited budgets
B) Adults with chewing problems
C) Adults who are lactose intolerant
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because

A) basal metabolism declines.
B) the body becomes more efficient in using energy.
C) thrifty metabolism begins.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 6

During adulthood,nutrients are used primarily

A) to maintain the body.
B) to support physical growth.
C) to maintain the body and support physical growth.

Question 7

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,a goal for adults is to

A) limit intake of added sugars and emphasize vegetables in the diet.
B) keep body weight in a healthy range.
C) practice safe food handling.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 8

Compression of morbidity can be defined as

A) having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness.
B) representing a low death rate from chronic diseases.
C) having a longer life.
D) postponing illness until such time as there is an adequate treatment or cure.

Question 9

In adulthood,a nutritious diet can help to

A) delay onset of disease.
B) recover more quickly from disease.
C) increase mental, physical, and social well-being.
D) A nutritious diet can do all of these things.

Question 10

A diet rich in fiber helps adults to

A) reduce risk of osteoporosis.
B) reduce risk of heart disease.
C) raise blood cholesterol levels.
D) avoid diarrhea.

Question 11

Why is vitamin D a nutrient of particular concern in older adults?

A) Permeability of the intestine to dietary vitamin D increases as the intestine ages, which increases risk for toxicity.
B) Vitamin D synthesis in the skin slows.
C) The kidneys accelerate the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which increases the risk for toxicity.
D) None of these responses are accurate.

Question 12

After age ____ or so,the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 55

Question 13

Which determines the rate of aging?

A) Genetics
B) Lifestyle
C) Environment
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 14

Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by

A) less intense feelings of thirst.
B) chronic disease.
C) certain medications.
D) reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 15

Which is an example of usual aging?

A) increasing body fatness
B) maintenance of lean body mass
C) maintenance of bone mass
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 16

The diets of adults tend to be low in

A) vitamin D.
B) zinc.
C) magnesium.
D) folate.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 17

Starting around age ___,organ size and efficiency begin to decrease.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 70

Question 18

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)for adults do not take into consideration aging-related changes in

A) body composition.
B) metabolism.
C) organ function.
D) DRIs take into account all of these things.

Question 19

Which aspects of the environment influence the rate of aging?

A) Income and education
B) Quality of housing and autonomy
C) Access to health care and nutritious food
D) Psychosocial support and protection from climactic extremes
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 20

Which is NOT a current hypothesis about the cause of aging?

A) Blood concentrations of hormones change.
B) Cells can divide about 50 times, and then they die.
C) The immune system becomes less able to recognize and destroy foreign substances.
D) Connective tissue stiffens and reduces flexibility.
E) All of these are current hypotheses about the cause of aging.

Question 21

During the adult years,____ can adversely affect the immune system.

A) undernutrition
B) overnutrition
C) excessive iron intake
D) obesity
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 22

Which is true about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A) It provides nutrition education.
B) It provides a means to purchase food-producing plants.
C) It provides a means to buy hot meals in group homes.
D) It supplements food budgets of low-income households.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 23

Inadequate intake of ____ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion.

A) magnesium
B) zinc
C) folate
D) vitamin B-12

Question 24

Elevated blood concentrations of ____ are associated with increased risk for stroke and neurological decline in some elderly adults.

A) zinc
B) homocysteine
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D

Question 25

Warning signs of Alzheimer's disease include

A) personality changes.
B) language problems.
C) reduced job performance.
D) faulty judgment.
E) All of these are signs of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 26

To prevent constipation,older adults should

A) limit highly sweetened foods.
B) increase dietary fiber.
C) take laxatives.
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 27

A change in muscle that occurs in adulthood is

A) increased elasticity.
B) bloating of muscle cells.
C) loss of muscle strength.
D) hypertrophy of muscle cells.

Question 28

A major problem afflicting the elderly gastrointestinal tract is

A) increased lactase synthesis.
B) constipation.
C) increased HCl production.
D) increased synthesis of intrinsic factor.

Question 29

Insufficient intakes of ___ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed wound healing.

A) magnesium
B) zinc
C) folate
D) vitamin B-12

Question 30

A body composition change that typically occurs in adulthood is

A) increased body water.
B) increased fat stores.
C) increased lean body mass.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 31

Physical activity is associated with

A) improved sleep.
B) reduced risk for falling.
C) positive mental outlook.
D) better mobility.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 32

Long-term use of aspirin or aspirin-like medications can deplete _________ reserves.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) vitamin K
D) thiamin

Question 33

Many elderly people avoid social contact because they

A) are experiencing hearing loss.
B) have trouble seeing, so they avoid going out.
C) have problems with urinary incontinence.
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 34

Which is true of the Congregate Meal program?

A) It is administered by the USDA.
B) It is part of the Older Americans Act.
C) Anyone age 52 or older can participate.
D) All of these responses are accurate.

Question 35

Intakes of ______ have been associated with reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.

A) vitamin E
B) folate
C) lutein
D) zeaxanthin
E) both lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 36

To protect the cardiovascular system,adults should

A) not smoke.
B) eat low-carbohydrate diets.
C) avoid vigorous exercise.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

An age-related change in the nervous system that can adversely affect nutritional status is

A) decreased taste perception.
B) hearing loss.
C) vision loss.
D) All of these changes can impact nutritional status.

Question 38

A common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is

A) bleeding ulcers.
B) use of aspirin.
C) bleeding hemorrhoids.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 39

Which U.S.government program distributes surplus agricultural products?

A) Commodity Supplemental Food Program
B) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP)
C) Child and Adult Care Food Program
D) Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program

Question 40

To preserve bone mass,adults should

A) not smoke.
B) consume adequate vitamin D.
C) consume adequate calcium.
D) All of these recommendations are correct.

Question 41

To relieve the symptoms of arthritis,older adults should

A) follow a special diet.
B) restrict certain foods.
C) take nutrient supplements.
D) All of these responses are accurate.
E) None of these responses are accurate.

Question 42

In complementary and alternative medicine,a manipulative practice is

A) massage.
B) Reiki therapy.
C) chiropractic manipulation.
D) All of these examples are correct.
E) None of these examples are correct.

Question 43

Which is true about herbs?

A) There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.
B) There have been no cases of adverse effects of using herbal supplements.
C) Herbal supplements are more effective than medicines.
D) Herbal supplements are as rigorously tested as medicines in the U.S.
E) All of these responses are true.

Question 44

Which strength training recommendations,as suggested by the National Institutes on Aging,are appropriate for older adults?

A) Exercise at least 2 days per week.
B) Stretch after completing all exercises.
C) Perform exercises that involve major muscle groups.
D) All of the above are appropriate strength training recommendations.

Question 45

Which domain of complementary and alternative medicine involves using foods and special diets?

A) Energy medicine
B) Alternative medical systems
C) Biological based practices
D) Mind-body interventions

Question 46

What food and nutrition service programs does the U.S.Department of Agriculture (USDA)and Administration on Aging provide for older adults?

A) Commodity Supplemental Food program
B) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program
C) Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition program
D) Child and Adult Care Food program
E) All of the above.

Question 47

Which is NOT an example of energy medicine?

A) High-calorie diets
B) Pulsed fields
C) Magnetic fields
D) Electrical currents

Question 48

An alternative medical practice system is

A) Ayurveda.
B) naturopathy.
C) homeopathy.
D) acupuncture.
E) All of these responses are correct.

Question 49

Which is an example of a mind-body intervention?

A) Hypnosis
B) Biofeedback
C) Yoga
D) All of these are examples of mind-body interventions.

Question 50

A rational approach for someone wanting to try complementary and alternative medicine is to

A) take advice from a trusted friend.
B) keep a record of symptoms and practices followed.
C) try at least 2 complementary and alternative medical practices at once.
D) All of these approaches are rational.