Deck 8: Alcohol

Question 1

The process of fermentation involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) simple sugars, such as maltose.
B) yeast.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) bacteria.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An alcoholic beverage with 15 g alcohol provides ______ kcal from alcohol.

A) 105
B) 60
C) 135
D) 15

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into

A) citric acid.
B) NADH.
C) acetyl-CoA.
D) pyruvate.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Women absorb 30-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women

A) have slower rates of gastric emptying.
B) tend to eat more food when consuming alcoholic beverages.
C) have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach.
D) absorb all substances, including ethanol, more efficiently.

Question 5

A standard drink contains _____ grams of alcohol.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 25

Question 6

When consumed in low to moderate amounts,alcohol is primarily metabolized by the ________________ pathway.

A) catalase
B) MEOS
C) alcohol dehydrogenase
D) peroxidase

Question 7

The symptoms of acetaldehyde buildup during alcohol metabolism include

A) flushing.
B) rapid heartbeat.
C) hyperventilation.
D) All of these symptoms can occur.

Question 8

A typical rate of alcohol metabolism for a social drinker is

A) ½ drink per hour.
B) 2 drinks per hour.
C) 3 drinks per hour.
D) None of these choices are correct.

Question 9

A blood alcohol level of _____ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S.and Canada.

A) 0.05
B) 0.08
C) 0.10
D) 0.50

Question 10

A standard drink is defined as

A) 16 oz beer.
B) 12 oz wine cooler.
C) 5 oz wine.
D) 3 oz hard liquor.

Question 11

Wine generally contains ________ alcohol.

A) $\le$ 5%
B) 5 - 14%
C) 15 - 22%
D) >22%

Question 12

The highest concentration of ethanol is found in

A) beer.
B) wine.
C) distilled spirits.
D) wine coolers.

Question 13

Alcohol absorption occurs in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) esophagus.
D) stomach and small intestine.

Question 14

The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) small intestine.
D) stomach.

Question 15

When the MEOS pathway is induced,alcohol tolerance _______ because the rate of alcohol metabolism __________.

A) increases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) increases; increases

Question 16

How many calories does alcohol provide?

A) 4 kcal/g
B) 7 kcal/g
C) 9 kcal/g
D) 12 kcal/g

Question 17

Binge drinking for a male is defined as having _______ or more drinks on a single occasion.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 10

Question 18

What percent of North Americans consume alcohol?

A) 10%
B) 33%
C) 62%
D) 84%

Question 19

The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is

A) 80%.
B) 40%.
C) 20%.
D) 100%.

Question 20

Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by

A) passive diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) simple diffusion.
D) active transport.

Question 21

Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as

A) up to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men.
B) up to 7 drinks per week for women and 14 drinks per week for men.
C) up to 2 drinks per day for women and 3 drinks per day for men.
D) less than 1 drink per day for women and men.

Question 22

The population group with the highest rate of alcohol consumption is

A) elderly adults.
B) teenagers.
C) college students.
D) middle-aged adults.

Question 23

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the _______ deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.

A) vitamin A
B) thiamin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B-12

Question 24

The risk of developing a problem with alcohol is higher in those

A) with a biological parent with alcohol problems.
B) who are women.
C) who begin drinking heavily in middle-age.
D) who are of Asian descent.

Question 25

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by

A) decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver.
B) abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen.
C) poor nutritional status.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 26

Alcohol requires no digestion.

Question 27

Binge drinking on college campuses is associated with

A) academic problems.
B) auto accidents.
C) sexual abuse.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 28

Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels.

Question 29

An early sign of alcohol-induced liver damage is

A) liver cirrhosis.
B) ascites.
C) jaundice.
D) steatosis.

Question 30

Excess consumption of some alcoholic beverages can lead to deficiencies of iron and zinc.

Question 31

When the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity,blood alcohol levels increase and symptoms of intoxication develop.

Question 32

Alcoholism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A) cirrhosis of the liver.
B) jaundice.
C) type I diabetes.
D) alcoholic hepatitis.

Question 33

Medications used to treat alcohol dependence act on

A) the brain to reduce alcohol cravings.
B) the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol.
C) the stomach to prevent alcohol absorption.
D) both the brain to reduce alcohol cravings and the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol.

Question 34

The recommendation for alcohol consumption during pregnancy is

A) no alcohol at all.
B) limit to one drink per week.
C) to follow current guidelines for moderate drinking.
D) to avoid binge drinking.

Question 35

Alcoholics often have trouble with night blindness.This results from

A) impaired absorption of several B-vitamins.
B) fluid accumulation in the eye.
C) damage to brain cells.
D) impaired absorption and transport of vitamin A.

Question 36

Guidelines for safe drinking recommend that women should have no more than 2-3 drinks per day.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a common nutritional concern in alcoholics?

A) vitamin B-12 deficiency
B) protein-energy malnutrition
C) vitamin A toxicity
D) iron deficiency

Question 38

The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency

A) are very infrequent in the United States.
B) affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime.
C) are untreatable problems.
D) affect only those with other serious problems, such as poverty, unemployment, or mental health disorders.

Question 39

Detrimental effects of excessive alcohol consumption include higher rates of

A) high blood pressure and stroke.
B) cancers of the mouth and throat.
C) liver disease and liver failure.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 40

Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption include lower rates of

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) many types of cancer.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 41

How does alcohol abuse impair nutritional status?

Question 42

Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men,respectively.

Question 43

List 3 reasons why women are less tolerant of alcohol than men.

Question 44

Extremely high blood alcohol levels can lead to respiratory failure.

Question 45

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin,thiamin,vitamin B-6,vitamin B-12,and folate

Question 46

List 3 of the leading causes of death in North America that are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol.

Question 47

Binge drinking is associated with vandalism and suicide.

Question 48

An 80-proof vodka or gin is 80% alcohol.

Question 49

Describe 3 methods used to treat alcoholism.

Question 50

Define what is meant by light drinker,moderate drinker,and heavy drinker for an average man and for an average woman.

Question 51

List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.

Question 52

Because alcohol cannot be stored in the body,it has priority in metabolism over other energy sources.

Question 53

List 3 signs of alcohol dependency.

Question 54

Describe 3 of the factors that increase the risk of developing alcohol dependency or alcohol abuse.

Question 55

Signs of alcohol poisoning include hypoglycemia and severe dehydration.

Question 56

The small intestine is the primary site for alcohol metabolism.

Question 57

What are 4 symptoms that might indicate that someone has a problem with alcohol?

Question 58

Compared to men,women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.

Question 59

Compared with men,women produce more alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach.

Question 60

Describe the health consequences to the fetus of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 61

How does the body metabolize low to moderate amounts of alcohol?