Deck 19: Employment Discrimination and Affirmative Action

Question 1

Virtually all black Americans support continued affirmative action laws.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Stereotypes of Asians tend to be higher than they should be.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When people discuss affirmative action today,they are generally referring to some type of "hard" preferential hiring.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission receives and investigates employment discrimination charges and complaints.

Question 5

The Supreme Court has consistently held that states' rights prevail over civil rights.

Question 6

Based on recent Supreme Court decisions,it is unclear that affirmative action will be abolished in this decade.

Question 7

Age discrimination statues protect those people who are 50 years old and older.

Question 8

Researchers have recently determined that the lower pay women receive is due to the additional time they take off from the workforce,when compared to men.

Question 9

The category of people labeled as Hispanic is actually a very diverse group.

Question 10

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 requires employers to provide preferential treatment to pregnant women.

Question 11

Workforce participation among Hispanic males is the highest of any group in the United States.

Question 12

Affirmative action postures are noted as "soft" or "weak."

Question 13

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was the most significant labor and employment statute to be enacted in the past 40 years.

Question 14

The American dream is based on getting ahead on the basis of merit,not inherited privilege.

Question 15

By definition,sexual harassment cannot take place between two parties of the same sex.

Question 16

Some people in the United States are concerned that the legitimate protective status of certain categories is giving way to victim status.

Question 17

Disparate impact forms of discrimination are not illegal if they are business- or job-related necessities.

Question 18

The first antidiscrimination law in the United States was the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 19

Either a man or a woman can be the victim of sexual harassment.

Question 20

African American leaders are virtually unanimous in their belief that racism is the primary obstacle that blacks face.

Question 21

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires transportation and communication systems to

A)provide preferential hiring for the physically and mentally handicapped.
B)avoid job discrimination based mental disability.
C)allow free access for the disabled.
D)facilitate access for the disabled.

Question 22

A qualification that might ordinarily be argued as being a basis for discrimination,but a company can show is job related and necessary is called a

A)real and necessary distinction.
B)quasi-discriminatory factor.
C)bona fide occupational qualification.
D)discrimination waiver.

Question 23

The form of discrimination in which people are treated differently because of their race,color,religion,sex,or national origin is called

A)disparate treatment.
B)disparate impact.
C)Title VII discrimination.
D)stereotype discrimination.

Question 24

The entity that is authorized to file suits in federal district court against private sector employers is the

A)Interstate Commerce Commission.
B)Federal Trade Commission.
C)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
D)Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Question 25

Categories of people whose rights are in some way defended against discrimination are referred to as

A)protected groups.
B)minorities.
C)"special-needs" groups.
D)the privileged class.

Question 26

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 grew out of

A)Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society."
B)the protests and boycotts formed in the 1950s and 1960s.
C)slavery.
D)pressure from the Roman Catholic church.

Question 27

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in all of the following except

A)hiring and firing.
B)intelligence.
C)promotion
D)fringe benefits.

Question 28

The form of discrimination in which fewer minorities are included in the outcome of a practice than would be expected by their numerical proportion is called

A)disparate treatment.
B)disparate impact.
C)Title VII discrimination.
D)stereotype discrimination.

Question 29

The EEOC defines a disability as

A)anything that keeps a person from doing what an average person can do.
B)limits physical or mental capacities in any way.
C)a condition that substantially limits one or more of the employee's major life activities.
D)a state of mind that keeps a person from performing basic life functions.

Question 30

The EEOC has filed suit in all of the following types of discrimination cases except

A)banks whose loan departments redline poor areas.
B)polluters who dump their waste in minority neighborhoods.
C)job-related discrimination by major employers.
D)colleges whose housing policies segregate students by race and ethnicity.

Question 31

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits discrimination in pay based on

A)age.
B)sex.
C)seniority.
D)skills.

Question 32

Which of the following forms of discrimination are not banned by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A)skill sets
B)transfer,promotion,layoff,or recall
C)job advertisements
D)use of company facilities

Question 33

The primary objective of The Civil Rights Act of 1991 was to

A)add more categories of protected groups to The Civil Rights Act of 1964 definitions.
B)add imprisonment as a possible penalty for job discrimination.
C)provide increased financial damages and jury trials in cases of intentional discrimination.
D)authorize formation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Question 34

Governments have been faster than corporations in instituting protections for transgender employees.

Question 35

The Civil Rights movement made people in the United States more aware of

A)continued slavery in the South and Southwest.
B)the plight of all people of color,not just blacks.
C)the economic inequality that existed between races in American at that time.
D)pay inequality between men and women.

Question 36

One of the big challenges related to employment discrimination in the 21st century will be

A)breaking the glass ceiling that bars males from reaching senior management positions.
B)keeping wages low and profits up.
C)finding enough workers to fill lower-level positions.
D)the changing workforce composition.

Question 37

The ADA applies to all the following disabilities except

A)HIV.
B)minor impairment of life activities.
C)diabetes.
D)bad backs.

Question 38

Major life activities include all of the following except

A)learning.
B)thinking.
C)concentrating.
D)walking.

Question 39

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in all the following except

A)hiring.
B)promotion.
C)in college admissions.
D)fringe benefits.

Question 40

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973,Section 503 prohibits job discrimination based on

A)being injury prone.
B)disability
C)physical limitations as a result of injury.
D)age.

Question 41

Hispanics are the only major minority group to be classified by their

A)geographic origin.
B)culture.
C)language.
D)physical features.

Question 42

Sexual harassment

A)is a worldwide problem.
B)affects men and women in equal numbers.
C)is relatively easy to prove in courts.
D)is clearly defined in the law.

Question 43

Taking positive steps to hire and promote people from groups previously discriminated against is called

A)preferential hiring and firing policies.
B)affirmative action.
C)restitution action.
D)retributive justice.

Question 44

Preferential treatment

A)only occurs in hard quota affirmative action.
B)is not given to anyone other than minorities and women.
C)is based on the principle of compensatory justice.
D)is the ideal method of selecting employees.

Question 45

The principle that reparation is owed to the person or people harmed by an injustice is

A)distributive justice.
B)procedural justice.
C)contributive justice.
D)compensatory justice.

Question 46

The largest minority in the United States is now

A)African Americans.
B)Native Americans.
C)Euro Americans.
D)Hispanics.

Question 47

The affirmative action posture that enlarges the pool of applicants and systematically favors minorities and women in actual decisions is called

A)passive nondiscrimination.
B)pure affirmative action.
C)affirmative action with preferential hiring.
D)hard quotas.

Question 48

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

A)applies to pay differences based on seniority.
B)determines wages on the basis of quantities produced.
C)prohibits discrimination between men and women on the basis of sex in payment of wages.
D)applies to pay differences on the basis of merit.

Question 49

Asian Americans

A)are the smallest minority group in the United States.
B)have escaped the harsh treatment of discrimination.
C)have the lowest academic achievement record of any minority group in the United States.
D)have a problem unique to U.S.minority groups -- a stereotype that may be too positive.

Question 50

Religious discrimination is becoming more common in the United States in large part because

A)Christianity seeks to be the dominant religion.
B)the separation of church and state has eroded.
C)religion and business don't mix.
D)changing immigration patterns are bringing more people with different religions to this country.

Question 51

The affirmative action posture that involves a concerted effort to enlarge the pool of applicants so that no one is excluded because of past or present discrimination is called

A)passive nondiscrimination.
B)pure affirmative action.
C)affirmative action with preferential hiring.
D)hard quotas.

Question 52

The affirmative action posture that involves a willingness to treat races and sexes alike is called

A)passive nondiscrimination.
B)pure affirmative action.
C)affirmative action with preferential hiring.
D)hard quotas.

Question 53

The Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

A)statue of limitations is 180 days
B)stipulates that the clock reset each time a paycheck is issued.
C)requires that you be aware of the discrimination promptly.
D)sets discriminatory pay.

Question 54

The concept that preferential treatment for minorities and women leads to harms to other groups is called

A)compensatory justice.
B)reverse discrimination.
C)"what goes around comes around."
D)legalized discrimination.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a major sex discrimination issue for women today?

A)admission to colleges and universities
B)moving into professional and managerial positions
C)eliminating sexual harassment
D)achieving equal pay

Question 56

Many think of Asian Americans' quiet achievements as

A)evidence of their superior intelligence.
B)unfair because they have been given preferential treatment.
C)a temporary situation that will change with education reform.
D)passivity.

Question 57

The idea that workers doing different jobs should receive the same pay if those jobs have equal inherent worth is called

A)pay equity.
B)comparable worth.
C)equal pay for equal work.
D)equitable compensation.

Question 58

The general rule used to prove discrimination under the disparate impact concept is called the

A)four-fifths rule.
B)essential equality rule.
C)equal results rule.
D)evil intent rule.

Question 59

The concept of disparate impact is significant in employment law because it

A)created the four-fifths rule.
B)negates many of the earlier antidiscrimination laws.
C)runs counter to many traditional employment practices.
D)is the first common law regarding job discrimination.

Question 60

The affirmative action posture that specifies numbers or proportions of minority group members that must be hired is called

A)passive nondiscrimination.
B)pure affirmative action.
C)affirmative action with preferential hiring.
D)hard quotas.

Question 61

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Why do you suppose retaliation claims to the EEOC are at their highest?

Question 62

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Operating against the continuing trends emphasizing civil rights is a growing sentiment against affirmative action.Explain this statement.

Question 63

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Define the terms "reasonable accommodation," "undue hardship," and "essential functions" as they relate to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Question 64

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions.Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Which of the four affirmative action postures do you think is most appropriate today? Why?

Question 65

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Some companies are now specifically including white males in their diversity programs.Evaluate the wisdom and propriety of this idea.

Question 66

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions.Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Discuss the concept of color bias.Have you ever experienced this,or seen it happen?

Question 67

Preferential treatment refers to all of the following except

A)the undergird of affirmative action.
B)its rational is the principles of compensatory justice.
C)compensation or reparation for an injustice.
D)reverse discrimination.

Question 68

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Summarize the concept of African American in Corporate America.B.Livers,executive director of The Executive Leadership Council's Institute for Leadership Development & Research."The total number of board seats during the period declined as well,but not nearly as much as the number of seats held by African Americans.In light of current economic conditions and board reviews,there is an opportunity for companies to increase board diversity and reverse the downward trend." Interestingly,the higher the company is on the Fortune 500 list,the more likely it is to have a diverse board.

Question 69

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions.Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Describe the two types of commonly recognized sexual harassment.

Question 70

The standard of judicial rule that requires that the policy under review must meet a compelling government interest and must be narrowly tailored to meet the policy objectives is called

A)strict interpretation.
B)strict scrutiny.
C)strict construction.
D)strict standard.

Question 71

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Briefly explain how reverse discrimination evolves from affirmative action.

Question 72

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
What impact did the Lily Ledbetter Act have on employee testing?

Question 73

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Summarize the history leading up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.A.However,the amount of losses you deduct may not be more than the amount of gambling income reported on your return.It is important to keep an accurate diary or similar record of your gambling winnings and losses.To deduct your losses,you must be able to provide receipts,tickets,statements or other records that show the amount of both your winnings and losses.

Question 74

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Men and women provide very different reasons why the glass ceiling exists.Which seems more likely to you?

Question 75

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions.Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Evaluate the reasons for the worldwide shift in pay in favor of women.

Question 76

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions.Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
What are the consequences of the rise in older workers in the workplace?

Question 77

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Describe the main differences between disparate treatment and disparate impact.

Question 78

The Workplace Religious Freedom Act requires which of the following except

A)employers to do more to accommodate religious beliefs.
B)the definition of accommodation to be undue hardship.
C)employers to make accommodation for weight.
D)minimum cost to the employer.

Question 79

Provide a short answer to each of these questions.Be sure to fully explain your answer.
The diversity chair for the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM)stated,"Race was the sacrificial lamb to launch diversity and make it palatable to corporate America." What does she mean?