Deck 6: Cultural Values: Road Maps for Behavior

Question 1

Perception is learned because once you perceive something in a particular way,which interpretation does not usually change.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to Minkov,which of the following is associated with flexhumility? ​

A)​self-pride
B)​holistic cognition
C)​religion is important
D)​lower value on education
E)​suicide taboo

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Identify which of the following is not among the five universal questions for cultures,according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck. ​

A)​what is the character of human nature?    
B)​what is the relation of humankind to nature?; 
C)​what is the value of wealth
D)​what is the relationship of people to each other? 
E)​what is the value placed on time?

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Perception is considered selective because ____.​

A)​there are too many stimuli competing for the attention of your senses
B)​life's lessons teach you to see the world in a particular way
C)​culture teaches you the meaning of most of your experiences
D)​once you perceive something in a particular manner that interpretation does not usually change

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the thirteen American values identified by Kohls? ​

A)​personal control over the environment
B)​formality
C)​competition
D)​self-help
E)​practicality/efficiency

Question 6

Because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables,perception is considered: ​

A)​selective
B)​learned
C)​inaccurate
D)​consistent
E)​culturally determined

Question 7

Identify which country is not ranked in the top five in terms of the culture's emphasis on individualism? 

A)​United States
B)​Austria
C)​Great Britain​
D)​Canada
E)​Netherlands

Question 8

Low context cultures include all of the following except:​

A)​German
B)​North American
C)​Native American
D)​ English
E)​French

Question 9

​The World Values Survey defined ____ as 'a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun.'  

A)​indulgent
B)​hedonistic
C)​opportunistic
D)​restrained
E)​secular

Question 10

In terms of the person/nature orientation,Western cultures traditionally view: 

A)​ humans as subject to nature
B)humans in harmony with nature
C)​humans as natures' providers
D)​humans as master of nature
E)​nature as humans' provider

Question 11

The extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous and unknown situations is referred to as ____.​

A)​uncertainty avoidance
B)​tolerance for ambiguity
C)​equivocality
D)​ethnocentricity
E)​neoplasticity

Question 12

What time orientation do most Americans in the United States favor?​

A)​past
B)​future
C)​present
D)​linearity
E)​polychromic

Question 13

Values are important because they inform societies about ____.​

A)​what is good or bad
B)​what is worth dying for
C)​how people should treat each other
D)​what is worth protecting
E)​all of these

Question 14

Monumentalism within a culture,according to Minkov,indicates that members believe ____.​

A)​self-concept is flexible
B)​interpersonal competition is encouraged
C)​truth is relative
D)​education is highly valued
E)​all of these

Question 15

Cultures that foster virtues oriented toward future rewards-in particular,perseverance and thrift,reflect what Hofstede called a ____.​

A)​short term orientation
B)​future bias
C)​long term orientation
D)​future-oriented
E)​past progressive

Question 16

The following countries belong in same societal group,according to the GLOBE study.​

A)​Canada,England,United States
B)​Finland,Sweden,Denmark
C)​Turkey,Egypt,Kuwait
D)​China,Japan,Taiwan
E)​all of these

Question 17

Collectivism means the people in a culture place greater emphasis on: ​

A)​the needs of the in-group over oneself
B)​social norms and duty defined by in-group
C)​beliefs shared with in-group
D)​great readiness to cooperate with in-group members
E)​all of these

Question 18

Optimism and emphasis on the future reflect which of Kohls American values? ​

A)​idealism
B)​individualism
C)​time and its control
D)​change
E)​privacy

Question 19

A high power distance culture ____.​

A)​holds that inequality should be minimized
B)​believes superiors and subordinates should consider themselves equals
C)​believe that people are not equal but that everyone has a 'rightful place'
D)​powerful try to appear less powerful
E)​all of these

Question 20

The GLOBE Study differentiated between two types of collectivism: ​

A)​in-group and societal
B)​in-group and out-group
C)​ethnic and inter-ethnic
D)​local and national
E)​selective and exhaustive

Question 21

The United States is among the top five countries for high power distance.​

Question 22

The indulgence/restraint dimension reflects a cultures orientation toward disciplining the young.

Question 23

Countries whose cultures reflect a comfort with uncertainty (low uncertainty avoidance)include Greece,Portugal,and Guatemala.​

Question 24

For low-context cultures,the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the person's nonverbal activity.​

Question 25

According to Kohls,the U.S.values tradition over change.​

Question 26

Most Latino cultures consider the current activity as the one that matters the most.​

Question 27

Japan is a low uncertainty culture with many formal social protocols that help to predict how people will behave in almost every social interaction.​

Question 28

Chinese culture has a strong focus on the present time orientation.

Question 29

Collectivism in the United States is seen in the expectation that employees will change jobs in order to advance their careers.

Question 30

High-context cultures tend to convey meaning through status and informal friends and associates.​

Question 31

Confucianism and Buddhism support the notion that human nature is good.​

Question 32

Flexhumility cultures place less value on education than monumentalist ones.​

Question 33

Countries ranked highest for individualism include Venezuela,Panama,Ecuador,and Guatemala.​

Question 34

Cultures with high power distance emphasize status differences.​

Question 35

The American preference for a large selection of material items to choose from is illustrated by typical supermarkets,and the number of choices at Subway.​

Question 36

A society is called feminine when emotional gender roles overlap-both men and women are expected to be modest,tender,and concerned with quality of life.​

Question 37

Cultural patterns are integrated and can be contradictory.​

Question 38

Cultures that promote interdependency and cooperation take a negative view of intra-group competition.​

Question 39

Individual orientation vs.group orientation is thought of as one of the basic pattern variables that determine human action.

Question 40

Perception is inaccurate because you view the world through a subjective lens influenced by culture,values,and personal experiences which tend to make you see what you want/expect to see.​

Question 41

Define values and provide at least two intercultural examples.​

Question 42

Compare and contrast Hofstede's concepts of individualism and collectivism.​

Question 43

Explain how contradictions in the value of equality/egalitarianism explained in U.S.culture?​

Question 44

Explain the concepts of face and face-work. How are they manifest in collectivistic and individualistic cultures? ​

Question 45

Identify five of the ten GLOBE study cultural dimensions. ​

Question 46

How did the GLOBE study extend the previous dimensions of culture?

Question 47

Explain what is meant by the term 'monumentalism' and contrast that with the concept of flexhumility. ​

Question 48

Differentiate between the concepts of being,being-in-becoming,and doing.​

Question 49

What do the terms high-context and low-context mean? Provide cultural examples of each.​

Question 50

What is uncertainty avoidance? Provide an example of a culture that has high uncertainty avoidance and one that has low uncertainty avoidance.​

Question 51

Discuss Hofstede's masculinity/femininity dimension. Provide an example of each.​

Question 52

Explain what is meant by the term 'cultural patterns.'  What caveats to the term do the authors present? ​

Question 53

List and explain at least six of the thirteen values identified by Kohls as "The Values Americans live by."​

Question 54

Societal collectivism and in-group collectivism are two terms that mean the same thing.​

Question 55

Identify and explain three common U.S.phrases that reflect the American value of directness,openness,and honesty.​

Question 56

What does your culture tell you about human nature? Give an example of a culture with a different orientation.​

Question 57

Humane orientation refers to the degree to which societal and organizational members acquiesce to unequal distribution of power.​

Question 58

​What is perception?  Explain the characteristics of perception.

Question 59

In collectivist cultures,a person's face is usually derived from his or her own self-effort.​

Question 60

Is the U.S.a high or a low power distance culture? Explain the concepts and justify your answer.​

Question 61

What are the major characteristics associated any five of the following GLOBE societal/geographical groups?  (a)White Dominant;(b)Scandinavia;(c)Central Europe;(d)Eastern Europe;(e)Southern Europe;(f)Africa;(g)the Middle East;(h)Central and South America;(I)Northeast Asia;(j)South and Southeast Asia.​