Deck 7: Psychologicaltrait Theories of Crime

Question 1

The ______ is a standard for the insanity defense where offenders can claim that,due to mental disease,they were unable to control their behavior.

A)M'Naghten Rule
B)irresistible impulse test
C)Durham test
D)American Law Institute's Model Penal Code

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The term insanity is a ______ term.

A)legal
B)medical
C)social
D)psychological

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ______ evolves during individual development when restrictions,mores,and values of society are learned.

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)libido

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______ attachments are enduring and persistent.These attachments can sometimes last throughout a person's life.

A)Specificity
B)Engagement of emotion
C)Organization
D)Duration

Question 5

______ has been dubbed "America's Boogeyman."

A)Jeffrey Dahmer
B)Ted Bundy
C)Albert Fish
D)Green River Killer

Question 6

______ is in the first nine (9)months of an infant's life when he or she develops an attachment to a primary figure.

A)Course of development
B)Biological function
C)Engagement of emotion
D)Duration

Question 7

A central feature of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory is that moral development occurs in ______.

A)stages
B)ages
C)groups
D)none of these

Question 8

______ examined adolescents struggling to discover their own ego identity while negotiating,learning,and understanding social interactions,as well as developing a sense of morality and right and wrong.

A)August Aichhorn
B)Albert Fish
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Erik Erikson

Question 9

The ______ is characteristic of designating what is considered "right" and "wrong."

A)postconventional level of morality
B)conventional level of morality
C)preconventional level of morality

Question 10

______ refers specifically to antisocial personalities that are due to social or familial dysfunction.

A)Psychopath
B)Sadist
C)Sociopath
D)Masochist

Question 11

Which of the following states does not allow an insanity defense?

A)Texas
B)Kansas
C)Florida
D)North Dakota

Question 12

______ is considered a warning of looming danger or a painful experience and results in the individual attempting to fix the situation.

A)stress
B)defense mechanism
C)unconscious
D)anxiety

Question 13

For neurotics,the biological link is in the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system,which involves ______.

A)pain and punishment
B)excitement
C)fight and flight reactions
D)antisocial behavior

Question 14

All of the following are considered levels of low IQ by Goddard EXCEPT:

A)moron
B)imbecile
C)fool
D)idiot

Question 15

Delinquency is considered ______ when it results in antisocial behavior.

A)latent
B)manifest
C)dormant
D)apparent

Question 16

The dominant ______ political climate of the 1960s was one of optimism with the perception that any social problem could be solved.

A)independent
B)liberal
C)conservative
D)both a and b

Question 17

Individuals with low psychoticism are characterized as being all of the following EXCEPT:

A)egocentric
B)empathetic
C)peaceful
D)altruistic

Question 18

Psychological theories focus on ______.

A)the role of institutions on criminality
B)the impact of deterrence on criminality
C)the influence of individuals' experiences or their emotional adjustment
D)none of these

Question 19

______ developed the controversial concept of psychoanalysis,founded on the perception of resistance used by individuals when therapists attempt to make them conscious of their unconscious.

A)August Aichhorn
B)Albert Fish
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Erik Erikson

Question 20

People with low IQ scores are somewhat destined to be all of the following EXCEPT:

A)commit crime
B)unsuccessful in school
C)produce illegitimate children
D)employed

Question 21

Identify the general principles of psychoanalysis and how psychoanalysis applies to criminal behavior.

Question 22

Wilson and Herrnstein contend that at any time,a person can choose between committing a crime and not committing a crime.

Question 23

A child being from a broken home or a single-parent household is not necessarily an influential factor;rather,it is the parent's failure to teach the child the consequences of his or her actions. 

Question 24

List and describe the key features that distinguish a psychopath from other criminal offenders.

Question 25

The ego is the moderator between the demands of an instinct (i.e. ,the id),the superego,and reality.

Question 26

Explain the three (3)different aspects of individual personality that control behavior (id,ego,superego)and how they interact with one another.

Question 27

In early childhood,girls often gravitate toward the morality of justice,while boys gravitate toward the morality of care.

Question 28

In most instances,the ego can cope with anxiety through rational measures.

Question 29

Freud used the term sex in a broader context;thus,sex included those things,such as painting,that give people pleasure.

Question 30

Attachment theory was influenced heavily by the work of Freud and other psychoanalytic theorists.

Question 31

Some of the most intense and passionate emotions are associated with attachment relationships. 

Question 32

Originally,Eysenck focused on the two personality dimensions of neuroticism and extroversion.

Question 33

Goddard believed that intelligence,or IQ,was static or innate and could not change over time.

Question 34

Describe the three dimensions associated with Hans Eysenck's theory of crime and personality.

Question 35

What is the M'Naghten rule?

Question 36

In ancient history,according to lex talionis-or the "an-eye-for-an-eye" philosophy when dealing with offenders-the father of a raped daughter was allowed to rape the rapist's wife.

Question 37

Biological explanations of crime were more palatable,while environmental or sociological explanations lost favor among many social scientists.

Question 38

It is more difficult to condition extroverts than introverts.

Question 39

The preconventional level of morality is characteristic of designating what is considered "right" and "wrong."

Question 40

Psychoticism includes traits such as being sociable,lively,active,assertive,dominant,and carefree.

Question 41

Explain the three (3)levels of moral development according to Kohlberg and the several stages of reasoning within these levels.

Question 42

Attachment theory is often referenced with research examining what? Are these types of studies relatable to the behavior of young children?

Question 43

An infant develops an attachment to a primary figure,which is considered what?

Question 44

What are policy implications that could be developed based upon this research?

Question 45

To achieve an ideal level of arousal,extroverts need what?

Question 46

Neuroticism is linked to many traits.List three (3)different traits an individual may exhibit when considered neurotic.

Question 47

According to Gilligan,why may girls fail to develop within the constraints of Kohlberg's system of moral development?

Question 48

According to Freud,what can happen if unconscious experiences are not brought to awareness by the individual?

Question 49

What is the Durham rule?

Question 50

What is the PEN model,and who developed it? Write a sample question that could be used to test individuals for every dimension of the PEN model.