Deck 14: White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, and Cybercrime

Question 1

The EPA estimates that there are about ______ deaths each year in the United States as a direct result of toxic particles emitted from manufacturing plants.

A)30,000
B)45,000
C)60,000
D)80,000

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are considered physical costs of white-collar crime EXCEPT:

A)price fixing
B)environmental pollution
C)occupational illnesses
D)falsely prescribed or marketed pharmaceutical drugs

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice found that ______ was the largest source of revenue for organized crime.

A)gambling
B)loan sharking
C)narcotics trafficking
D)money laundering

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ______ was formed in 1929 and found that organized criminal activity flourished around bootlegging operations.

A)Wickersham Commission
B)Chicago Crime Commission
C)Kefauver Committee
D)President's Commission on Law Enforcement

Question 5

What is considered one of the oldest prison gangs in the United States?

A)Black Guerilla Family
B)Arian Brotherhood
C)La Nuestra Familia
D)Mexican Mafia

Question 6

Corporate crime causes at least ______ times more deaths than do traditional street crimes.

A)2
B)5
C)7
D)10

Question 7

The criteria for white-collar crime can include ______ elements.

A)three
B)two
C)four
D)none of these

Question 8

All of the following are criminal penalties for Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO)violations EXCEPT:

A)forfeiture of any interest obtained or maintained in the course of state violations
B)fine of no more than $25,000
C)prison term of no more than 20 years
D)restitution payments of no more than $25,000

Question 9

The ______ was charged with three (3)responsibilities that focused on whether organized crime used services of interstate commerce to engage in illegal activities and identifying the persons,firms,or corporations involved in such activities.

A)Wickersham Commission
B)Chicago Crime Commission
C)Kefauver Committee
D)President's Commission on Law Enforcement

Question 10

The first necessary condition to Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime is that:

A)offenders must be white
B)offenders must be Christian
C)offenders must be at the top of the socioeconomic status
D)both and c

Question 11

The ______ is generally considered to be one of the most important periods in history in terms of progress,but resulted in an increase in environmental crimes.

A)American Revolution
B)Industrial Revolution
C)World War I
D)World War II

Question 12

______ are involved in writing programs to protect systems and networks from being illegally and maliciously accessed.

A)black hat hackers
B)script kiddies
C)hacktivists
D)white hat hackers

Question 13

This refers to stealing a victim's credit card information and subsequently using the information to purchase items,especially electronics.

A)carding
B)dumpster diving
C)credit card skimming
D)shoulder surfing

Question 14

All of the following are considered one of the four (4)common categories of users of Internet child pornography EXCEPT:

A)individuals who are not impulsive or curious
B)individuals who encourage prevailing or developing sexual interests in children
C)individuals who are involved in child pornography for nonsexual reasons
D)individuals who communicate with other sexual offenders who use child pornography as a broader pattern of offending

Question 15

The growth of prison gangs has been attributed to the Supreme Court decisions of ______,giving prisoners the right to sue state officials in federal court.

A)Cooper v.Pate
B)United States v.Carey
C)Perez v.Virginia
D)United States v.Stewart

Question 16

Who coined the term white-collar crime and is considered the most prominent criminologist of the 20th century?

A)Hirschi
B)Sutherland
C)Clinard & Yeager
D)Lombroso

Question 17

Labor violations include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)hiring illegal workers
B)exploiting workers
C)dumping pollution in restricted area
D)keeping unsafe work conditions

Question 18

All of the following are terms that are typically used synonymously with white-collar crime EXCEPT:

A)suite crime
B)occupational crime
C)upperworld crime
D)industrial crime
E)corporate crime

Question 19

The first prominent acknowledgment of "white-collar crime" as an important concept for criminologists to study was presented at the:

A)FBI conference in 1940
B)American Sociological Society (ASS)conference in 1939
C)Interpol conference in 1937
D)none of these

Question 20

Deaths and injuries due to corporate crimes ______.

A)have decreased
B)have stayed the same
C)have increased
D)cannot be calculated

Question 21

How did the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment (explain what this was)to the Constitution contribute to the formation of organized crime?

Question 22

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Among the individuals that are affected each year by toxic particles emitted from manufacturing plants,the majority are considered ______ and ______.

A)young children
B)pregnant women
C)low income families
D)elderly

Question 23

The development of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)made it a felony to cause the death of a worker by willfully violating safety laws.

Question 24

Even Sutherland appears to lack confidence in what white-collar crime means as evidenced by his inclusion of the word approximately in his loose definition.

Question 25

A hacker is one who obtains authorized access to a computer system,file,or network.

Question 26

White hat hackers are individuals that violate computer security essentially out of malice or for personal gain.

Question 27

A business executive may be a serial killer or a drug dealer,but if these violations do not pertain to his actual job,then they do not count as white-collar crime.

Question 28

The concept of pollution was acknowledged early on and was considered a huge problem for many areas.

Question 29

According to Sutherland's definition,if a clerk at a fast-food restaurant steals money from the register,it is not considered white-collar crime because,although the person committed the crime while engaging in work-related duties,he or she clearly does not hold a white-collar position.

Question 30

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act regulates the interception of electronic communications by individuals as well as the government.

Question 31

Cybercrime consists of at least three features: The act was committed using 1)a computer,2)a "victim" computer,and 3)an intermediary network.

Question 32

Although most textbooks claim that Sutherland introduced the concept of corporate,occupational,or industrial crimes,that is not entirely true.

Question 33

Discuss some of the legislation that has been enacted to address cybercrime.

Question 34

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)is charged with what two (2)things?

A)stopping animal abuse
B)protecting human health
C)safeguarding the natural environment
D)protecting workers' rights

Question 35

OSHA violators are sometimes fined,but even then,these fines are usually relatively low in relation to the profits being made by the companies.

Question 36

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.White-collar crime and corruption were found to be the highest internationally in what two (2)regions of the world?

A)South Asia
B)Western Europe
C)West/Central Africa
D)East Africa

Question 37

One of the key measures of organized crime in the world is the Organized Crime Perception (OCP)Index,which is a combined measure using data from various sources.

Question 38

Today,white-collar criminals are more likely to be investigated,caught,charged,and convicted as compared with traditional street criminals.

Question 39

Advance fee frauds is a type of fraud where the victim is lured to pay monies with the expectation of receiving some service or benefit,but this never occurs.

Question 40

It appears that while the rate of homicides and assaults due to street crimes has been cut in half over the past 25 years (with most of this decrease coming in the past 15 years),there is no indication that deaths or injuries due to corporate crimes have decreased;on the contrary,there is evidence that such injuries are on the rise.

Question 41

Investigations of the largest businesses in the nation have all found that corporate misbehavior is not the ______ but the ______.

Question 42

Why does the text state that we are all paying for corporate crimes?

Question 43

Explain the differences between the various types of criminal organizations (four different groups).

Question 44

What was the first of Sutherland's four (4)primary propositions concerning white-collar crime?

Question 45

List the six (6)general categories of the various white-collar offenses.Give an example of each category and why they are considered an illegal act.

Question 46

There is debate on what behaviors are considered a part of one's occupational role and what activities constitute white-collar crime.Give your definition of what behaviors you would consider part of one's occupation role.

Question 47

Who coined the term white-collar crime?

Question 48

Present the four (4)criteria incorporated into the definition of white-collar crime and explain each one.Give an example of each of the four (4)criteria.

Question 49

What two agencies does the Environmental Protection Agency work with to develop and enforce regulations to protect the environment from corporate crimes?

Question 50

Why is the argument incorrect that there was a higher percentage of companies committing corporate violations in the 1940s due to less regulation of the rules?

Question 51

The text states,"...corporate crime is treated with kid gloves by government agencies and the criminal justice system." What does this mean,and do you believe this to be true? Why or why not?

Question 52

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)is not considered a Cabinet agency.However,who appoints the administrators of this agency,and what are they given? What does this mean?

Question 53

How has white-collar crime damaged the moral and social fabric of society? Discuss its place in society and ties to the community.