Deck 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Question 1

Unexamined ethnic identity is comparable to Marcia's moratorium status.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Identity diffusion involves neither exploration nor commitment.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles.

A) identity diffusion
B) psychological moratorium
C) psychological foreclosure
D) identity achievement

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Parents and adolescents tend to disagree in their values and beliefs concerning social and economic issues.

Question 5

It is possible that an individual's sex organs can develop in one direction while the biological factors that may underlie one's sexual orientation develop in another direction.

Question 6

Friendship contributes to psychological adjustment in adolescents.

Question 7

According to Erikson, the primary task for adolescents is to achieve:

A) ego identity.
B) ego differentiation.
C) ego transcendence.
D) ego integrity.

Question 8

During adolescence, individuals become increasingly aware of the disparity between their ideal selves and their real selves.

Question 9

A clear sense of identity is associated with higher self-esteem in adolescents.

Question 10

People's sexual orientation always corresponds to their sexual identity.

Question 11

Development of identity is less complicated for adolescents who belong to ethnic minority groups.

Question 12

Ego identity is a(n):

A) sense of what one stands for.
B) identity of self that is adopted from one's parents.
C) inflated sense of one's abilities.
D) distorted perception of one's worth.

Question 13

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, associated with adolescence, is called ego integrity versus despair.

Question 14

Boys are much more likely than girls to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following is the least advanced status of psychological development associated with adolescence?

A) Moratorium
B) Foreclosure
C) Ego integrity
D) Identity diffusion

Question 16

Erikson believed that there were gender differences in the development of identity.

Question 17

Extensive body piercing is considered a warning sign of possible suicide among adolescents.

Question 18

The moratorium stage of identity development characterizes commitment to specific ideals or career choices.

Question 19

In early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in identity diffusion or foreclosure statuses.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of adolescents in the stage of identity diffusion?

A) They tend to be alienated and rebellious.
B) They tend to exhibit suicidal tendencies.
C) The have established personal goals.
D) They set high standards for themselves.

Question 21

In comparison with adolescent girls, adolescent boys are:​

A) more likely to share personal feelings with friends.
B) less likely to interact with those of similar status.
C) more likely to engage in organized group activities.
D) less likely to have large friendship networks.

Question 22

Unlike childhood peer groups, adolescent peer groups:​

A) disregard the importance of shared activities.
B) are less likely to be influenced by a similarity in attitudes.
C) mayinclude more members of the opposite gender.
D) are controlled by parents.

Question 23

In comparison with childhood friendships, friendships in adolescence:

A) often share complete similarity between both genders.
B) are less likely to be influenced by similarity in attitude and race.
C) are unlikely to be influenced by age.
D) often stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure and acceptance.

Question 24

Which of the following is an identity status that involves commitment without serious consideration of alternatives?

A) Moratorium
B) Foreclosure
C) Ego integrity
D) Identity diffusion

Question 25

Adolescents respond best to:

A) indulgent parenting, as adolescents need to be allowed to make independent choices.
B) authoritarian parenting that handles the rebellious tendencies of adolescents.
C) permissive parenting, as it fosters independence.
D) authoritative parenting that allows them to be guided by their parents.

Question 26

Amelia's teachers had always mentioned that she had great potential to become a successful lawyer. Inspired by their opinion and the encouragement of her family, she plans to study business law in college. This example demonstrates the stage of:

A) moratorium.
B) identity diffusion.
C) foreclosure.
D) identity achievement.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true about adolescents' relationships with their parents?

A) Adolescents interact more with their mothers than with their fathers.
B) Adolescents who are close to their parents tend to be less self-reliant.
C) Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.
D) Adolescents tend to have fewer conflicts with their mothers than with their fathers.

Question 28

Which of the following is an assumption made by Erikson?

A) Women were more likely than men to reject the minority culture for the dominant culture.
B) A woman's relationships are insignificant in playing a role in her identity development.
C) A woman's identity is more intimately linked with her relationships than with her occupation.
D) Men, unlike women, were less concerned with ideological matters during adolescence.

Question 29

In terms of identity statuses, the moratorium status is associated with: ​

A) active exploration of alternatives.
B) submission to imposed duties.
C) commitment to identified priorities.
D) conformation to standards set by peers.

Question 30

Which of the following sentences is true about dating in adolescence?​

A) It makes adolescents dissociate with people.
B) It restricts adolescents from having fun.
C) It increases an adolescent's insignificance among peers.
D) It prepares adolescents for adult courtship.

Question 31

Which of the following stages is a characteristic of younger adolescents and of older adolescents who drift through life or become alienated and rebellious?

A) Moratorium
B) Generativity
C) Identity diffusion
D) Ego integrity

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents?

A) Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.
B) During adolescence, most individuals may develop a less idealized view of their parents.
C) Conflicts with fathers are unlikely to affect adolescents psychologically as does conflicts with mothers.
D) Adolescents who are more close to their parents than their peers are likely to have low self-esteem.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of parental and peer influence during adolescence?​

A) Parents and peers tend to exert influence on different domains.
B) Parental influence is lesser on girls than on boys.
C) Peer influence decreases drastically, whereas parent influence increases during adolescence.
D) Parents and peers are usually competing influences.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent girls?

A) They are less likely than boys to expect loyalty and companionship.
B) They are more likely than boys to have a smaller, exclusive network of friends.
C) They are less likely than boys to disclose personal or intimate details to friends.
D) They are more likely than boys to choose friends from the same level of social strata.

Question 35

The stage of identity achievement is characterized by individuals having:

A) high self-esteem and self-acceptance.
B) commitments based on identification with authority figures.
C) no firm commitments.
D) alienated and rebellious characters.

Question 36

Adolescents are often in conflict with their parents over:

A) political views.
B) curfew-related issues.
C) economic issues.
D) religious views.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true about self-esteem of individuals?

A) High self-esteem is a characteristic of individuals who are depressed or suicidal.
B) Individuals who feel close to their parents tend to have low self-esteem and self-reliance.
C) Self-esteem of individuals tends to decline after middle childhood and increase after the age of 12 or 13.
D) Individuals in the stage of identity diffusion are likely to have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes a crowd?​

A) A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group
B) A small group of individuals who hang around together and who share activities and confidences
C) A group of people who are involved in the same field of work and interact regularly
D) A group of people who come together as a result of sharing an ideology or religious principle

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents?

A) During adolescence, parents are viewed as providing more support than same-gender friends.
B) Most adolescents feel close to and get along well with their parents.
C) Adolescents respond best to authoritarian style of parenting.
D) Adolescents tend to develop an idealized view of their parents.

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes a clique?​

A) A large group of people who are identified by the activities of the group
B) A group of people belonging to the same age group
C) A small group of individuals who hang around together and who share activities and confidences
D) A group of people who temporarily come together for a specific purpose, the completion of which ends their interaction

Question 41

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do:​

A) are more likely to have adjustment issues.
B) are less likely to be self-reliant or independent.
C) are more likely to use birth control.
D) are more likely to have low self-esteem.

Question 42

Which of the following types of teenagers are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age?​

A) Teenagers who have close relationships with their parents
B) Teenagers who have neglectful parents
C) Teenagers who have sexually active peers
D) Teenagers who have matured early and have older friends

Question 43

According to Ritch Savin-Williams:​

A) homosexual individuals take about ten years to disclose their orientation.
B) homosexuality is a hereditary trait.
C) human beings are genetically predisposed to bisexual orientation.
D) it is unlikely for a person to recognize their sexual orientation before actual sexual experience.

Question 44

Who among the following is most likely to be straight?​

A) Perry, a woman in her forties, who has been dating Sarah, a young woman, for two years
B) Helen, a young woman, who enjoys sexual intimacy with both men and women
C) Kate, a woman, who is sexually attracted to her female colleague Veronica
D) Ricky, a man in his fifties, who is sexually attracted only to young women

Question 45

Which of the following best describes juvenile delinquency?​

A) Adolescents suffering from depression or suicidal tendencies
B) Adolescents engaging in sexual activities
C) Adolescents engaging in illegal behavior or activities
D) Adolescents suffering from low self-esteem and self-reliance

Question 46

Declaring one's sexual orientation as being homosexual is:​

A) easier for men than for women.
B) easy because most families are accepting of homosexuality.
C) as hard as identifying oneself as heterosexual.
D) painful and may lower one's self-esteem.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?​

A) Spousal rape
B) Underage drinking
C) Robbery
D) Kidnapping

Question 48

In the context of sexual orientation, a lesbian:​

A) desires sexual intimacy with men.
B) is sexually attracted to both men and women.
C) feels like a male trapped in a female body.
D) desires sexual intimacy with women.

Question 49

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents as compared to parents in the domain of _____.

A) style and taste
B) educational goals
C) moral values
D) religious beliefs

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of masturbation?​

A) It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently.
B) It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner.
C) It is widely practiced by women and not men.
D) It is an indication of homosexual orientation.

Question 51

Which of the following individuals has a homosexual orientation?​

A) Laura, a girl, who has never been out on a date with the boy she likes
B) Alex, a boy, who likes girls but is scared to ask one out
C) Barbara, a young female, who has an ongoing sexual relationship with both a male and a female
D) Michael, a young male, who has been dating another male for 3 years

Question 52

Status offenses are defined as:​

A) activities that are considered illegal only when performed by minors.
B) white collar crimes that occur within governmental organizations.
C) crimes that occur within law enforcement agencies.
D) nonviolent crimes such as property crimes.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true about sexual behavior?​

A) Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical mating behavior.
B) Genetics are unlikely to determine the sexual orientation of individuals.
C) Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at the same time.
D) Individuals are genetically predisposed to homosexual orientation.

Question 54

Petting is associated with:​

A) satisfying sexual curiosity.
B) sexual self-stimulation.
C) teenage pregnancy.
D) low sex drive.

Question 55

People who have a _____ orientation have an erotic orientation only toward members of their own gender.

A) transgendered
B) homosexual
C) bisexual
D) heterosexual

Question 56

Who among the following is most likely to be a bisexual?​

A) Matt, a man, who is not sexually aroused by women, but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with his male colleague, John
B) Dave, a commitment-phobic young man, who has been sexually intimate with several women in his life
C) Jacob, a man, who is confused about his sexual identity and thinks he might be a woman trapped in a man's body
D) James, a young man, who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

Question 57

Which of the following hormones is associated with sexual behavior in adolescent boys?​

A) Dopamine
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?​

A) Amanda, a teenager, attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills.
B) Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.
C) Ted, a young adult, is sexually intimate with his friend Bob.
D) Alex, a 20-year-old, is often fined for overspeeding.

Question 59

Which of the following hypotheses suggests that there are actual racial differences in the incidence and seriousness of delinquent behavior?​

A) The differential offending hypothesis
B) The susceptibility hypothesis
C) The differential treatment hypothesis
D) The school failure hypothesis

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true about the development of sexual identity?

A) Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times.
B) Individuals are genetically predisposed to bisexual orientation.
C) Adolescents are unlikely to be aware of their sexual orientation.
D) Sexual orientation of individuals is unlikely to be determined before their birth.

Question 61

The term_________refers to acts of sexual self-stimulation.
A. masturbation
B. petting
C. fondling
D. oral sex

Question 62

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________.
A. have low self-reliance
B. be more competent
C. be rebellious
D. have social adjustment issues

Question 63

_________ is a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs.
A. Commitment
B. Diffusion
C. Foreclosure
D. Exploration

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true in the context of adolescent suicide?​

A) Genetic factors have no influence on suicidal tendencies.
B) Women are more likely than men to complete a suicide.
C) Highly achieving teenagers are unlikely to consider suicide.
D) Drug abuse is a warning sign of suicidal tendencies.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true about juvenile delinquency?​

A) Nonviolent crimes by adults are likely to be considered juvenile delinquency.
B) Similar patterns of delinquency are observed among teenagers belonging to different ethnic groups.
C) Crimes committed by adolescents from a stable economic background are considered status offenses.
D) Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy or running away.

Question 66

The idea that African American youth are expected to engage in more delinquent behavior than European American youth is called:​

A) the differential offending hypothesis.
B) the susceptibility hypothesis.
C) the differential treatment hypothesis.
D) the school failure hypothesis.

Question 67

According to Ritch Savin-Williams, what are the steps involved in the development of sexual orientation in homosexual individuals?​

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent suicide?​

A) Suicidal tendencies are characteristic of adolescence.
B) Adolescents who are highly achieving and rigid perfectionists never have suicidal tendencies.
C) Adolescent suicide attempts are more common after stressful life events that entail loss of social support.
D) Suicidal tendencies decrease from the age of 11 to the age of 21.

Question 69

_________ involves active questioning and searching among alternatives to establish goals, values, or beliefs.
A. Identity achievement
B. Exploration
C. Foreclosure
D. Identity diffusion​

Question 70

List at least five warning signs of suicide among adolescents.

Question 71

According to researchers, what are the three stages in the development of ethnic identity?​

Question 72

Discuss the hypotheses suggested by Donna Bishop to explain the observed differences in delinquent behavior among different ethnic groups.

Question 73

Phinney and Baldelomar's ethnic identity search stage is comparable to Marcia's _________.
A. identity diffusion
B. moratorium
C. foreclosure
D. identity achievement

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true about juvenile delinquency?​

A) Juvenile delinquents are always tried and convicted in courts.
B) Individuals from broken families are at a risk of juvenile behavior.
C) Girls are more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior.
D) Economic conditions are unlikely to be a risk factor of juvenile delinquency.

Question 75

What are the common factors that cause teenage pregnancy? Do teenage girls use contraception effectively?​

Question 76

Gay males have a _________.
A. homosexual orientation
B. transgendered orientation
C. heterosexual orientation
D. bisexual orientation

Question 77

Erikson used the term _________ to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves experimentation with different roles, values, and beliefs.
A. psychological moratorium
B. psychological transcendence
C. role diffusion
D. identity achievement

Question 78

Unlike boys, adolescent girls are less likely to stress the importance of _________ while making friends.
A. loyalty
B. self-disclosure
C. companionship
D. status

Question 79

Peer pressure tends to be highest during _________.
A. early adolescence
B. late childhood
C. middle adolescence
D. late adolescence

Question 80

Active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________.
A. identity diffusion
B. foreclosure
C. moratorium
D. ego integrity