Deck 21: Anti-Infective Drugs

Question 1

The ending ________ is common to generic tetracycline antibiotic drugs.

A) -cillin
B) -mycin
C) -navir
D) -cycline

Answer 1

-cycline

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic drug?

A) tenofovir (Viread)
B) cefdinir (Omnicef)
C) cefixime (Suprax)
D) ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Answer 2

tenofovir (Viread)

Question 3

Out of all of the drugs listed,which is the most effective against bacteria that produce penicillinase?

A) first-generation cephalosporin drugs
B) second-generation cephalosporin drugs
C) third-generation cephalosporin drugs
D) All generation cephalosporin drugs are equally effective.

Answer 3

third-generation cephalosporin drugs

Question 4

Which category of drugs used to treat HIV binds directly to the enzyme reverse transcriptase?

A) fusion inhibitor drugs
B) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs
C) aminoglycoside drugs
D) protease inhibitor drugs

Question 5

The drug Augmentin ________.

A) is a combination drug
B) contains the generic drugs amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
C) contains a substance that inactivates the enzyme penicillinase produced by some bacteria
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a category of antibiotic drug used to treat bacterial infections?

A) carbapenem drugs
B) monobactam drugs
C) protease inhibitor drugs
D) quinolone drugs

Question 7

Aminoglycoside drugs are primarily effective against ________.

A) viruses
B) parasites
C) gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria
D) fungi

Question 8

On a culture and sensitivity laboratory test,a large ring of inhibition means that ________.

A) the specimen from the patient did not contain any bacteria
B) the antibiotic drug in that disk was able to kill the bacterium
C) the laboratory technician did not swab the Petri dish correctly with the patient's specimen
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) A viral infection cannot be treated with an antibiotic drug.
B) The American Academy of Pediatrics states that educating parents is the single most important issue in reducing the overuse of antibiotic drugs.
C) So far, only a few bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotic drugs.
D) Antibiotic drugs have been widely prescribed for conditions that did not need antibiotic drugs, and traces of antibiotic drugs given to animals show up in the meat.

Question 10

Which type of antibiotic drug does NOT cause a bacterium to die by interfering with the structure of its cell wall?

A) carbapenem antibiotic drugs
B) cephalosporin antibiotic drugs
C) fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs
D) monobactam antibiotic drugs

Question 11

Fusion inhibitor drugs for HIV and AIDS can only be administered ________.

A) by inhalation
B) orally
C) subcutaneously
D) topically

Question 12

Which of these pairs of drugs consists of two aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs that are given orally as a bowel prep before surgery because they are not absorbed from the intestine into the blood?

A) kanamycin, neomycin
B) minocycline, tetracycline
C) cefaclor, cefuroxime
D) ampicillin, ticarcillin

Question 13

Nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs act in the same way as ________,except that they contain a slightly modified molecular structure.

A) aminoglycoside drugs
B) fusion inhibitor drugs
C) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs
D) protease inhibitor drugs

Question 14

Which of the following two antibiotic drugs are used to prevent the common,late-stage complication of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in AIDS patients?

A) nystatin, fluconazole
B) nelfinavir, retonavir
C) azithromycin, clarithromycin
D) oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 15

Which protease inhibitor drug for HIV and AIDS is ONLY available as part of a combination drug,not as an individual drug?

A) abacavir
B) lopinavir
C) tenofovir
D) zidovudine

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Before the introduction of penicillin drugs, sulfa drugs were the only anti-infective drugs available to treat bacterial infections.
B) Sulfonamide drugs interfere with the growth of some bacteria that must manufacture their own folic acid.
C) A human cell has a cell wall like a bacterium.
D) Antibiotic drugs that can kill a variety of different types of bacteria are known as broad spectrum antibiotic drugs.

Question 17

Generic ________ drugs have beginnings of cef- and ceph-.

A) antiviral
B) cephalosporin
C) fluoroquinolone
D) protease inhibitor drugs

Question 18

All of the following are fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
B) erythromycin (Ery-Tab)
C) levofloxin (Levaquin)
D) ofloxacin (Floxin)

Question 19

If a patient is taking the macrolide antibiotic drug azithromycin (Zithromax)and develops an allergic reaction,why might that reaction last long and be severe?

A) Because the macrolide antibiotic drugs are known to cause severe allergic reactions.
B) Because patients on this drug develop a cross-allergy to penicillin drugs.
C) Because this drug has a long half-life and stays in the blood.
D) Because this drug causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Some penicillin drugs cannot be given orally because they are inactivated by gastric acid.
B) Third-generation cephalosporin drugs are the most effective against bacteria that produce penicillinase.
C) The fungus from which the first cephalosporin drugs were produced was discovered in a sewer outlet on an island off the coast of Italy.
D) Patients taking aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs are given vision tests and blood tests for cholesterol levels to monitor for signs of toxicity.

Question 21

One trade name for the tetracycline antibiotic drug doxycycline is ________.

A) Vibramycin
B) Cipro
C) Zithromax
D) Lamisil

Question 22

Antifungal drugs are effective against all of the following diseases,EXCEPT ________.

A) athlete's foot
B) jock itch
C) bacterial infections
D) onychomycosis

Question 23

Which of the following sentences is FALSE?

A) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia affects about 75% of all AIDS patients.
B) This pneumonia is the most common infection of AIDS and it can be life-threatening.
C) This pneumonia seldom causes symptoms in healthy individuals.
D) Pneumocystis jiroveci is a bacterium.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Fungi and yeast are related and are treated with many of the same antifungal or antiyeast drugs.
B) The AIDS virus belongs to a category of viruses known as retroviruses.
C) AIDS is not fatal if treatment is begun early in the disease.
D) Pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam 300) is used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.

Question 25

Sulfonamide drugs are ________.

A) also known as sulfa drugs
B) a type of antibiotic drug
C) used to treat HIV
D) a member of the penicillin category drugs

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of an HIV infection?

A) a decreased in the number of T lymphocytes
B) fatigue, fever, and night sweats
C) diarrhea and weight loss
D) an opportunistic infection

Question 27

The ________ category of antibiotic drugs can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

A) penicillin
B) cephalosporin
C) aminoglycoside
D) tetracycline

Question 28

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Zidovudine (Retrovir) for HIV and AIDS was originally known as azidothymidine which is how it got the abbreviation AZT.
B) The word retrovirus is a shortened form of the phrase reverse transcriptase plus the word virus.
C) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus.
D) Clinical testing to approve AZT for treating AIDS took several years and was prolonged because of a number of patient deaths.

Question 29

Drugs are used to treat opportunistic infections in AIDS patients because their immune systems are unable to defend against ________ infections.

A) bacterial
B) fungal
C) viral
D) all of the above

Question 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A person infected with HIV usually remains without symptoms for four to five years.
B) Drugs used to treat HIV inhibit the growth of the retrovirus, but are unable to kill it.
C) The viral load is the total number of viruses in the blood and lymphocytes.
D) All of the above statements are true.

Question 31

The ________ group of antibiotic drugs can cause permanent discoloration of teeth.

A) penicillin
B) cephalosporin
C) aminoglycoside
D) tetracycline

Question 32

The generic drugs trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are both in a combination drug that is marketed under the two trade names of ________.

A) Bactrim and Retrovir
B) Septra and Rocephin
C) Omnicef and NegGram
D) Bactrim and Septra

Question 33

Which of the following drugs does NOT belong to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug category used to treat HIV and AIDS?

A) delavirdine (Rescriptor)
B) efavirenz (Sustiva)
C) nevirapine (Viramune)
D) amantadine (Symmetrel)

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a protease inhibitor drug used to treat HIV and AIDS?

A) indinavir (Crixivan)
B) delavirdine (Rescriptor)
C) nelfinavir (Viracept)
D) saquinavir (Invirase)

Question 35

Which pair of drugs belongs to the penicillin category of antibiotic drugs?

A) Crixivan, Norvir
B) Amoxil, Pfizerpen
C) Omnicef, Zinacef
D) Cipro, Levaquin

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Annual vaccination with a flu shot prevents a person from getting the flu for that year.
B) Flu shots contain either the whole virus, a part of the virus, or a surface antigen from the virus.
C) The two most common and dangerous flu families are influenza A and influenza B viruses.
D) Each year, the CDC selects the most prevalent strains of influenza to include in the flu vaccine.

Question 37

The phrase culture and sensitivity means ________.

A) culture of the antibiotic drug and sensitivity to it
B) culture of the prescribed drug and type of bacteria sensitive to it
C) culture of the bacteria and its sensitivity to temperature
D) culture of the bacteria and its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs

Question 38

All of the following are trade name cephalosporin drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) Keflex
B) Ceclor
C) Amoxil
D) Claforan

Question 39

To which category of antibiotic drugs does ciprofloxacin (Cipro)belong?

A) penicillins
B) fluoroquinolones
C) tetracyclines
D) fusion inhibitors

Question 40

Which of the following drug categories is NOT used to treat HIV and AIDS?

A) macrolide drugs
B) protease inhibitor drugs
C) fusion inhibitor drugs
D) integrase inhibitor drugs

Question 41

Tetracycline drugs are used to treat a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections,as well as the sexually transmitted diseases of gonorrhea and syphilis.

Question 42

The goal of drug therapy is to suppress HIV replication as much as possible for as long as possible.

Question 43

The well-known generic fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug ciprofloxacin is related to the trade name drug ________.

A) Pfizerpen
B) Cipro
C) Zosyn
D) Tamiflu

Question 44

Why can't tetracycline be given to pregnant or nursing women?

A) Because it causes nausea and vomiting.
B) Because it provokes a cross-allergy with penicillin drugs.
C) Because it stains the baby's developing permanent teeth.
D) Because it is only effective against gram-negative bacterial infections.

Question 45

Patients with an allergy to penicillin may also show an allergy to what other category of antibiotic drugs?

A) cephalosporin drugs
B) antiviral drugs
C) antifungal drugs
D) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs

Question 46

Kaposi's sarcoma and Burkitt's lymphoma are rare cancers that can develop in patients with the life-threatening bacterial infection of MRSA.

Question 47

All of the following are related to HIV and AIDS,EXCEPT ________.

A) CD4 receptors and helper T lymphocytes
B) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
C) opportunistic infections
D) culture and sensitivity

Question 48

The designation of first-generation,second-generation,or third-generation indicates when a cephalosporin drug was first discovered or first marketed.

Question 49

Doxycycline (Vibramycin,Vibra-Tabs)is used to treat a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections and also the infections of Lyme disease,malaria,and anthrax from bioterrorism.

Question 50

Macrolide antibiotic drugs kill bacteria by inhibiting an enzyme that the bacteria need in order to reproduce.

Question 51

When a fungal infection involves the nail bed and the nail becomes misshapen,thickened,and discolored,then it must be treated with topical antifungal drugs that act systemically.

Question 52

________ drugs are not categorized as antibiotic drugs because they only inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not actually kill bacteria.

Question 53

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs inhibit viral transcriptase from building a strand of viral DNA.

Question 54

Patients with HIV/AIDS can develop widespread and extremely serious fungal infections.

Question 55

Atripla and Combivir are combination drugs used to treat HIV and AIDS.

Question 56

Sulfonamide drugs are only effective against viruses.

Question 57

Monobactam antibiotic drugs are effective against all gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Question 58

Drugs prescribed for patients with AIDS wasting syndrome are used to stimulate the appetite,build muscle mass,and treat extreme weight loss.

Question 59

Drugs used to treat Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)infections include aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs,macrolide antibiotic drugs,and antitubercular drugs.

Question 60

Fungi can cause disease topically or systemically,and drugs used to treat fungi can be administered either topically or systemically with oral or intravenous drugs.

Question 61

The ending -navir is common to ________ inhibitor drugs.

Question 62

Explain what the two focuses are for drug therapy for AIDS.

Question 63

The abbreviation AIDS stands for ________.

Question 64

The ending -cillin is common to generic ________ antibiotic drugs.

Question 65

Match the drug name in Column 1 with the drug category in Column 2.

A)carbapenem antibiotic drug
B)cephalosporin drug
C)macrolide antibiotic drug
D)antifungal drug
E)fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug
F)protease inhibitor drug
G)nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug
H)aminoglycoside antibiotic drug
I)penicillin antibiotic drug
J)tetracycline antibiotic drug
1)amoxicillin (Amoxil,Trimox)
2)azithromycin (Zithromax,ZMax)
3)cefdinir (Omicef)
4)ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
5)doripenem (Doribax)
6)doxycycline (Vibramycin,Vibra-Tabs)
7)fluconazole (Diflucan)
8)indinavir (Crixivan)
9)lamivudine (Epivir)
"10)tobramycin (TOBI)

Question 66

The well-known HIV and AIDS drug zidovudine is related to the trade name drug ________.

Question 67

The trade name drugs Tamiflu and Flumadine are used to treat ________ virus infection.

Question 68

In 2006,the FDA approved the drug ________,which was the first combination drug to contain three different AIDS drugs.

Question 69

The macrolide antibiotic drug azithromycin (Zithromax)has a half life of 68 hours.What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with this long half life?

Question 70

The abbreviation VRSA stands for ________-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 71

Explain what penicillinase is and how it works against penicillin drugs.

Question 72

________ antibiotic drugs are further divided into first-generation,second-generation,third-generation,fourth-generation,and fifth-generation drugs.

Question 73

Aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs can cause a severe adverse effect on hearing and balance,which is known as ________.

Question 74

Briefly explain how penicillin antibiotic drugs work and why they are not harmful to human cells.

Question 75

Some resistant bacteria produce the enzyme beta lactamase,which is also known as ________.

Question 76

Sulfonamide drugs are also known as ________ drugs.

Question 77

Penicillin antibiotic drugs all share the common molecular structure of a ________ ring.

Question 78

Describe the steps that are involved in performing and interpreting the results of a culture and sensitivity test.

Question 79

Dronabinol,a Schedule III drug used to treat AIDS wasting syndrome,is unusual in that it is derived from ________.

Question 80

Antibiotic drugs that are able to kill a variety of different types of bacteria are known as ________ spectrum or extended-spectrum antibiotic drugs.