Deck 23: Vaccines

Question 1

What role does interferon play in the immune response?

A) It produces an antiviral substance.
B) It keeps viruses from spreading throughout the body
C) It stimulates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

The immune response involves a coordinated effort between which body parts?

A) the blood
B) the brain
C) the lymphatic system
D) A and C

Answer 2

A and C

Question 3

When does passive immunity,naturally acquired,occur?

A) after exposure to a disease
B) after vaccination
C) after being given an immune globulin drug.
D) in the mother's uterus

Answer 3

in the mother's uterus

Question 4

Which immunoglobulin can pass from the mother's blood through the placenta to the fetus?

A) immunoglobulin A
B) immunoglobulin G
C) both immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G
D) all of the above

Question 5

Which type of immunity is the basis for vaccines and vaccination.

A) passive immunity, naturally acquired
B) passive immunity, artificially acquired
C) active immunity, naturally acquired
D) active immunity, artificially acquired

Question 6

The word that describes the ability of a pathogen to invade a person and produce disease is the word ________.

A) virulent
B) inactivated
C) acquired
D) passive

Question 7

Each of the following is a type of lymphocyte,EXCEPT ________.

A) monocytes
B) NK (natural killer) cells)
C) B cells
D) memory T cells

Question 8

Which of the following common diseases is caused by a virus?

A) anthrax
B) herpes zoster
C) pertussis
D) pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 9

Which of the following vaccines is made using egg proteins that can cause an allergic reaction?

A) influenza vaccine
B) MMR vaccine
C) polio vaccine
D) A and B

Question 10

Which type of white blood cell specifically engulfs and destroys bacteria?

A) interferon
B) immunoglobulins
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 11

Immunoglobulin A is found in ________.

A) tears and saliva
B) antigens
C) mucous membranes of the nose, lungs, and intestines
D) A and C

Question 12

The use commercially prepared infant formulas instead of breast milk has been linked to which of the following?

A) eczema and allergies
B) obesity
C) diabetes mellitus
D) all of the above

Question 13

Which antibody is produced the very first time that the body encounters a bacterium or virus?

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) all of the above

Question 14

Gardasil is a ________ vaccine that contains 4 different strains of the human papillomavirus.

A) monovalent
B) bivalent
C) trivalent
D) quadrivalent

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines are given together as a conjugate vaccine.
B) A booster shot can be the second, third, or fourth vaccine injection after the initial vaccine.
C) Aluminum is added to some vaccines to stimulate a better immune response.
D) The influenza vaccine is prepared using chicken eggs.

Question 16

In a conjugate vaccine,a polysaccharide from the wall of a bacterium is joined to a ________ to create a vaccine.

A) valence
B) booster shot
C) protein carrier
D) adenovirus

Question 17

If a vaccine contains a dead (killed)bacterium or virus,what is it that provokes a response from the patient's immune system?

A) bacterial toxins
B) NK cells
C) lymphocytes
D) antigens on the bacterium surface

Question 18

Monocytes do all of the following,EXCEPT ________.

A) produce interferon
B) engulf and destroy bacteria and virus-infected cells coated with antigens
C) produce tumor necrosis factor
D) produce endotoxins

Question 19

An example of a drug that provides passive immunity,artificially acquired,is ________.

A) a vaccine
B) polio virus vaccine
C) hepatitis immune globulin
D) all of the above

Question 20

Which of the following microorganisms can be pathogens?

A) bacteria
B) viruses and protozoa
C) fungi and yeasts
D) all of the above

Question 21

Which organizations publish the recommended immunization schedules for children and adults?

A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B) American Academy of Pediatrics
C) American Academy of Family Physicians
D) all of the above

Question 22

Prior to being employed,healthcare workers are vaccinated against hepatitis B with the trade name drug ________.

A) Zostavax
B) HepaGam B
C) Recombivax HB
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which name is associated with the discovery of the polio vaccine?

A) Edward Jenner
B) President Franklin Roosevelt
C) Jonas Salk
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 24

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes produce toxic granules to kill cells that are infected with a virus.

Question 25

All bacteria are harmful to the body and cause disease.

Question 26

Inserting a vaccine into the body is known as ________.

A) immunization
B) vaccination
C) inoculation
D) all of the above

Question 27

A vaccine for HIV is difficult to develop because ________.

A) there are not enough people to test the vaccine on.
B) the virus mutates frequently
C) there is not enough funding for this research
D) all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE about HPV?

A) It causes genital warts, a sexually transmitted disease.
B) It causes cervical cancer in women.
C) The vaccine is recommended for sexually active adults.
D) A and B

Question 29

All of the following,EXCEPT ________,provide short-term (temporary)immunity against a disease that the patient has already been exposed to and does not have their own antibodies for.

A) hepatitis immune globulin
B) rabies immune globulin
C) influenza vaccine
D) tetanus immune globulin

Question 30

The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System is sponsored by ________.

A) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B) the drug manufacturer
C) the Food and Drug Administration
D) A and C

Question 31

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The flu virus mutates constantly.
B) The flu vaccine is reformulated each year.
C) A pharmacist at a supermarket pharmacy can give you a flu shot.
D) The most prevalent strains of flu in Europe are used to make the U.S. flu vaccine.

Question 32

How is hepatitis B passed to another person?

A) exposure to blood from drug addicts sharing needles
B) exposure to vaginal secretions during sexual activity
C) exposure when a breastfeeding infant has an infected mother
D) all of the above

Question 33

Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes.

Question 34

Bacteria contain DNA and so they are able to reproduce themselves in the tissues and blood of the body.

Question 35

Immunoglobulins is another name for the body's antibodies against disease.

Question 36

Which trade names are associated with the hepatitis A vaccine?

A) Havrix, Vaqta
B) Cervarix, Gardasil
C) FluMist, Fluzone
D) Menactra, Menomume

Question 37

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The diphtheria vaccine is usually combined with the tetanus and polio vaccine.
B) Diphtheria is a bacterial respiratory infection that can also cause heart and nerve damage because of the bacterial toxin it produces.
C) Hepatitis A infections only last a short time and most patients recover completely.
D) Hepatitis A is prevalent in underdeveloped countries in the world.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anthrax?

A) It is caused by a bacterium and is spread by spores
B) The first vaccine was developed by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
C) It can be used in terrorist attacks as a biological weapon.
D) all of the above

Question 39

Which statement is FALSE?

A) In most cases, the body's immune response is sufficient to prevent widespread infection in the body.
B) Older persons need a low-dose version of the flu vaccine to stimulate their weaker immune systems.
C) If a pathogen is present in high concentrations, it can overwhelm the body's defenses.
D) When a pathogen is particularly virulent and can multiply rapidly, it can overwhelm the body's defenses.

Question 40

Endotoxins are produced by certain gram-positive bacteria.

Question 41

Commercially produced infant formulas do not contain antibodies and so they do not provide immunity against disease.

Question 42

In all states,pharmacists are allowed to give flu shots to adults.

Question 43

Haemophilus influenza type b is a virus that causes severe influenza.

Question 44

Vaccines stimulate the patient's immune system to develop antibodies against a disease it has never encountered.

Question 45

The anthrax vaccine is important because anthrax can be used in terrorist attacks as a biological weapon.

Question 46

Vaccines that contain just a single type of antigen or a single strain of one pathogen are said to be multivalent.

Question 47

The Hib vaccine is related to the pathogen Haemophilus influenza type b.

Question 48

Immunoglobulin A is in areas where pathogens first enter the body.

Question 49

Passive immunity,naturally acquired,lasts for the first few months of a newborn's life.

Question 50

A vaccinated child still can occasionally get the disease they were vaccinated against.

Question 51

Acquired immunity is part of a person's genetic makeup.

Question 52

Immunoglobulin M provides what is known as active immunity.

Question 53

Thimerosal has been removed from all vaccines manufactured in the United States.

Question 54

At 5 years of age,a child's immune system begins to produce its own antibodies.

Question 55

The advantage of a combined vaccine is that several vaccines can be given as a single dose to avoid multiple injections of childhood immunizations.

Question 56

Most vaccinations are given by the intramuscular route.

Question 57

According to the World Health Organization,vaccines are currently available to present 600 different diseases.

Question 58

Most vaccines cannot be given orally because they are not absorbed from the intestines.

Question 59

Diphtheria is a bacterial disease that causes a gray membrane across the throat that can cause suffocation.

Question 60

Another name for the disease rubella is German measles.

Question 61

All adults age 50 or older and particularly those living in long-term care facilities should receive the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine.

Question 62

Microorganisms that cause disease are known as ________.

Question 63

There are ________ types of white blood cells that play a role in the body's immune response.

Question 64

IgA is found in ________,the first milk produced by breastfeeding mother.

Question 65

If a healthcare worker is stuck by a contaminated needle,he/she may be exposed to hepatitis B.

Question 66

The hepatitis B vaccine is given after a healthcare worker has been stuck with a used needle that is contaminated with blood.

Question 67

Freshman living in dormitories at college are recommended to have the herpes vaccine.

Question 68

Herpes zoster skin lesions (shingles)are caused by the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox)in childhood.

Question 69

Of all of the different strains of influenza,the H5N1 strain is the most virulent.

Question 70

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be caught just be breathing the air where someone with measles coughed 2 hours before.

Question 71

The only cancer vaccine that is available is designed to treat (not prevent)cancer of the prostate gland in men.

Question 72

Because viruses only contain ________,they must enter body cells in order to reproduce themselves.

Question 73

The CDC recommends annual flu shots for all persons,beginning at 6 months of life and every year throughout life.

Question 74

The herpes zoster vaccine is given in a series of booster shots to all children.

Question 75

________ are protein molecules on a bacterium or virus that the immune system identifies as being foreign.

Question 76

A patient with chronic hepatitis B infection is a carrier of the disease and can infect others,even if they have no symptoms.

Question 77

Gardasil is a quadrivalent vaccine that is recommended for girls and boys,ages 9 to 26,to prevent human papillomavirus infection.

Question 78

Persons over age 65 need a special high-dose influenza vaccine because more inactivated viruses are needed to adequately stimulate the weaker immune system in patients of this age.

Question 79

It is ________ that coat a bacterium or a virus-infected cell and mark it for destruction.

Question 80

Vaccines are drugs that are used to prevent certain ________ (easily transmitted)diseases that can be fatal or cause serious disabilities.