Deck 25: Emergency Drugs, Intravenous Fluids, and Blood Products

Question 1

During resuscitation,which of the following statements about epinephrine is FALSE?

A) In ventricular fibrillation, epinephrine makes the heart muscle able to respond to the electrical impulse of a defibrillator.
B) If the heart has stopped beating, epinephrine can stimulate heart contractions.
C) Epinephrine also maintains the blood pressure to improve the chances of a successful resuscitation.
D) Epinephrine can reverse the metabolic acidosis that occurs when the heart stops.

Answer 1

Epinephrine can reverse the metabolic acidosis that occurs when the heart stops.

Question 2

The most commonly used intravenous fluids contain ________.

A) dextrose
B) electrolytes
C) dextrose, electrolytes, or a combination of both
D) lipids

Answer 2

dextrose, electrolytes, or a combination of both

Question 3

Which of the following is a symptom of an overdose of a narcotic drug?

A) unconsciousness
B) hypotension
C) respiratory depression
D) all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Of the following drugs,which can be administered by intracardiac injection?

A) atropine and lidocaine
B) epinephrine and calcium chloride
C) lidocaine and whole blood
D) sodium bicarbonate and intravenous fluids

Question 5

Which of the following drugs is used specifically to treat bradycardia other slow heart rate arrhythmias,such as heart block?

A) atropine
B) calcium chloride
C) epinephrine
D) sodium bicarbonate

Question 6

Which of the following do vasopressor drugs NOT do during a resuscitation?

A) They maintain blood flow to the kidneys.
B) They stimulate alpha receptors in the blood vessels to produce vasoconstriction and raise blood pressure.
C) They stimulate beta₁ receptors to increase the heart rate.
D) They correct the decreased pH of the blood.

Question 7

PRBCs have an advantage over whole blood in that they can be given ________.

A) to any patient without cross-matching
B) during emergency resuscitation
C) without causing fluid overload
D) without the risk of causing a transfusion reaction

Question 8

Cryoprecipitate ________.

A) is prepared by freezing and then slowing thawing plasma
B) contains all of the clotting factors
C) is another name for albumin
D) is used during emergency resuscitation

Question 9

Toddler Darlene has eaten many tablets from her mother's bottle of acetaminophen.She could experience damage to her ________.

A) heart
B) liver
C) eyes
D) brain

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the risks associated with intracardiac injection of drugs?

A) anaphylaxis
B) cardiac tamponade
C) coronary artery laceration
D) pneumothorax

Question 11

Which drug is given to stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully and may even stimulate a contraction when the heart is in asystole and has failed to respond to epinephrine?

A) atropine
B) calcium chloride
C) lidocaine
D) sodium bicarbonate

Question 12

TPN is also known as ________.

A) hyperalimentation solution
B) intravenous lipids
C) total parenteral nutrition
D) A and C

Question 13

Narcan is a narcotic drug ________ drug that is given for an overdose of a narcotic drug.

A) antagonist
B) agonist
C) antidote
D) all of the above

Question 14

The word ________ refers to the anticoagulant that is commonly used to preserve whole blood and prolong its refrigerated shelf life.

A) crystalloid
B) anaphylactic
C) antagonist
D) citrated

Question 15

Lidocaine is the drug of choice and indicated for the management of life-threatening ________.

A) asystole
B) anaphylaxis
C) metabolic acidosis
D) ventricular fibrillation

Question 16

Basic life support measures ________.

A) are known as cardiac resuscitation
B) involve mechanically circulating the blood
C) involve mechanically inflating the lungs with air
D) all of the above

Question 17

Intravenous fluids contain what type of sugar to provide energy to the patient?

A) electrolytes
B) glucose
C) dextrose
D) saline

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways that drugs work in treating overdoses,suicide attempts,or an accidental poisoning?

A) binding the ingested drug to another substance to make it inert
B) inactivating the drug in the blood by using antagonist drugs
C) metabolizing the drug in the blood, liver, or kidneys
D) removing the drug from the stomach

Question 19

Which I.V.fluid contains the same two electrolytes in the same physiologic proportion as those in tissue fluid?

A) D5W
B) crystalloid
C) 0.9% NaCl
D) whole blood

Question 20

A crash cart ________.

A) is available in every patient area in a hospital
B) contains emergency drugs and resuscitative equipment
C) is in nursing homes, physician offices, and clinics
D) all of the above

Question 21

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)has no effect when given during resuscitation if the heart has already stopped.

Question 22

A 0.9 percent solution of sodium chloride is also known as ________.

A) Ringer's lactate
B) D5W
C) TPN
D) normal saline

Question 23

Which drug is used to treat an overdose of a narcotic drug?

A) epinephrine (Adrenalin)
B) naloxone (Narcan)
C) calcium chloride
D) lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Question 24

Activated charcoal is classified as a/an ________ drug.

A) adsorbent
B) vasopressor
C) antianxiety drug antagonist
D) emetic

Question 25

Ipecac syrup can be a drug of abuse in patients with bulimia who use it to induce vomiting.

Question 26

Basic life support with cardiopulmonary resuscitation involves the use of drug therapy.

Question 27

Laypersons think that donating a unit of blood is about equal to donating a pint of blood,but they are not at all equal.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Digoxin has a low therapeutic index and a long half-life.
B) It is not uncommon for elderly patients to experience digoxin toxicity.
C) Digoxin immune fab (Digibind, DigiFab) is an antidote drug for digoxin toxicity.
D) Digoxin immune Fab is a drug derived from cow antibodies.

Question 29

All of the following are cross-matched,EXCEPT ________.

A) whole blood
B) fresh frozen plasma
C) packed red blood cells
D) platelets

Question 30

Histamine is released in massive amounts during anaphylaxis.

Question 31

Intracardiac injection is used frequently to treat many different diseases.

Question 32

An ampule has a rubber stopper in its top so that multiple doses of the drug can be withdrawn at different times.

Question 33

Intravenous lipids contain about 30 percent more calories per gram than intravenous dextrose.

Question 34

Total parenteral nutrition contains all of the following ingredients,EXCEPT ________.

A) electrolytes
B) vitamins and minerals
C) fats
D) essential amino acids

Question 35

A patient in cardiac arrest would be given drugs to resuscitate him/her by all of the following routes,EXCEPT ________.

A) intracardiac
B) intravenous
C) oral
D) endotracheal tube

Question 36

Ethylene glycol ________.

A) is also known as antifreeze
B) can be abused recreationally or swallowed accidentally
C) can cause central nervous system damage, blindness or death
D) all of the above

Question 37

An ampule can be used only once and the remaining,unused drug must be discarded because it contains no preservative.

Question 38

The sodium bicarbonate that is used to treat metabolic acidosis during resuscitation is the same drug that is given orally as an antacid to neutralize excess acid in the stomach and treat an upset stomach and heartburn.

Question 39

Ipecac syrup can only be given to a patient who is conscious.

Question 40

All donated blood is tested for syphilis,hepatitis,and HIV according to guidelines established by the Food and Drug Administration.

Question 41

The abbreviation ________ stands for the federal organization that is responsible for the safety of blood and blood products in the United States.

Question 42

The well-known generic drug epinephrine has a trade name of ________.

Question 43

When epinephrine (Adrenalin)is used to treat anaphylaxis,it constricts the blood vessels to restore a normal blood pressure and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle to allow adequate air flow.

Question 44

PRBCs are a concentrated preparation of RBCs in a small amount of plasma.

Question 45

When a patient is in ventricular fibrillation,the drug lidocaine slows the electrical impulses of the heart by inhibiting the flow of ________ into the myocardial cell.

Question 46

The routes of administration for emergency drugs are the same routes that are commonly used to administer other drugs.

Question 47

The well-known generic drug naloxone that is used to treat an overdose of a narcotic drug,is related to the trade name drug Narcan.

Question 48

Drugs used to treat an acetaminophen drug overdose act to protect the ________,the main site of acetaminophen toxicity.

Question 49

Ipecac syrup is classified as a/an ________ drug,because it induces vomiting.

Question 50

Adsorbent drugs can be administered at any time after an overdose of a drug of an accidental ingestion of a toxic substance.

Question 51

Patients preparing to have surgery can donate a unit of their own blood in advance so they can receive it during surgery.This is known as a/an ________ blood transfusion.

Question 52

What acronym helps you remember which emergency drugs can be given by endotracheal tube? ________.

Question 53

Whole blood and red blood cells have a refrigerated shelf life of ________ days.

Question 54

Plasma and plasma volume expanders do not contain any blood cells.

Question 55

Dextrose and electrolyte intravenous fluids are used to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and supply calories,but they are unable to completely meet long-term needs.

Question 56

To treat bradycardia,the drug ________ blocks the action of acetylcholine released from the vagus nerve.

Question 57

If the heart has completely stopped beating (asystole),epinephrine can actually stimulate contractions of the heart.

Question 58

Plasma needs to be typed and cross-matched prior to administration because of the risk associated with transfusion reactions.

Question 59

FFP contains all of the plasma proteins,but it does not contain any clotting factors.

Question 60

Glucose is the form of sugar that is used in intravenous fluids.

Question 61

Match the drug in Column 1 with the type of overdose or poison it is used to treat in Column 2.

A)total parenteral nutrition
B)anticoagulant in whole blood
C)acetaminophen overdose
D)maximum drug effect in shortest time
E)drugs for pediatric patients via endotraecheal tube
F)sodium and chloride
G)ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning
H)narcotic drug overdose
I)lead,mercury,arsenic toxicity
J)tricyclic-type antidepressant overdose
1)hyperalimentation solution
2)acetylcysteine (Acetadote
3)nalmefene (Revex)
4)physostigmine
5)succimer (Chemet)
6)I.V.push
7)fomepizole (Antizol)
8)electrolytes
9)LEAN
"10)citrate

Question 62

To meet the dietary fat requirements of a patient who cannot eat,a separate intravenous solution of ________ may be ordered.

Question 63

When an alcoholic drinks methanol (wood alcohol)instead of ethanol (liquor),what happens to it in the body that makes it a poison?

Question 64

Most emergency drugs are given while the patient is in the ________ or in the Emergency Department.

Question 65

________ is the name of a general category that refers to any intravenous fluid that provides dextrose and sodium chloride alone or in combination with other electrolytes.

Question 66

Another name for the intravenous fluid of physiologic salt solution is normal ________.

Question 67

Why is the intravenous fluid half normal saline written as 0.45% instead of as 0.5%?

Question 68

Discuss why sodium bicarbonate is used in resuscitation and why some say that its use should be limited?

Question 69

Briefly explain when type and cross-match are done and why they are done.

Question 70

The "E" in the acronym NAVEL stands for the drug ________ (Adrenalin).

Question 71

An overdose of a narcotic drug can be reversed by giving intravenously a narcotic ________ drug intravenously.

Question 72

Describe how the endotracheal tube route of drug administration is used to give emergency drugs and how the drugs are able to move into the blood.