Deck 5: Using Drugs Therapeutically

Question 1

A toxic effect of a prescribed drug results when ________.

A) the drug company did not perform clinical trials for that drug
B) the physician decreased the drug dose in elderly patients
C) the blood level of a drug is below the therapeutic level
D) the blood level of a drug rises above the therapeutic level

Answer 1

the blood level of a drug rises above the therapeutic level

Question 2

When a cube is formed that is 1 centimeter long on each side,it becomes a measurement of volume that is abbreviated as ________.

A) cm
B) mg
C) kg
D) cc

Answer 2

cc

Question 3

A milliequivalent is ________ of an equivalent.

A) 1/100
B) 1/1,000
C) 1/100,000
D) 1/1,000,000,000

Answer 3

1/1,000

Question 4

Receptors are specifically designed to bind to body substances.Which of the following is NOT one of those body substances?

A) enzymes
B) hormones
C) neurotransmitters
D) antigens

Question 5

When a drug has a narrow margin of safety between the correct dose and the toxic dose,that drug is said to have a low ________.

A) first-pass effect
B) drug idiosyncrasy
C) therapeutic index
D) level of adverse effects

Question 6

The abbreviation used to designate the measurement of drops is ________.

A) cm
B) gtt
C) mEq
D) mL

Question 7

Which measurement system is officially known as the International System of Units (SI)?

A) apothecary
B) drops
C) metric
D) units

Question 8

A common side effect of narcotic drugs used to treat severe pain is ________.

A) depression
B) nausea and vomiting
C) loss of hair
D) constipation

Question 9

A list of the common side effects of a new drug is developed ________.

A) after a new drug is prescribed
B) when a new drug is reported
C) after a drug is approved by the FDA
D) as a new drug is being tested

Question 10

Adrenergic receptors include ________.

A) alpha₁ and alpha₂ receptors
B) beta₁ and beta₂ receptors
C) alpha₁, alpha₂, beta₁, beta₂, and beta₃ receptors
D) H₁ and H₂ receptors

Question 11

An antagonist drug ________.

A) occupies but does not activate a receptor
B) is similar to inserting the wrong key in a lock
C) keeps other drugs from activating the receptor
D) all of the above

Question 12

The systemic effect of a drug is felt ________.

A) where the physician intended it to be felt
B) throughout the body
C) at the site of administration
D) in a target organ

Question 13

A drug that can unlock or activate a receptor is known as a/an ________.

A) anaphylaxis
B) antagonist
C) neurotransmitter
D) agonist

Question 14

The ________ measurement system for drug doses includes the minim,grain,scruple,and dram.

A) apothecary
B) drops
C) metric
D) units

Question 15

Which of the following increases the likelihood of a drug-drug interaction?

A) pharmacogenetics
B) polypharmacy
C) side effects
D) therapeutic effects

Question 16

Symptoms of an allergic reaction are based on the release of ________.

A) an antigen
B) an antibody
C) anaphylaxis
D) histamine

Question 17

A drug's main reason for which it was prescribed by a physician or other healthcare provider is known as a/an ________.

A) adverse effect
B) drug reaction
C) side effect
D) therapeutic effect

Question 18

When an antigen combines with an antibody,this stimulates the release of ________,which produces mild-to-severe allergic symptoms,depending on the amount released.

A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) histamine
D) norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the therapeutic effects of drugs?

A) controlling or improving disease symptoms
B) diagnosing a disease
C) changing the therapeutic index of a disease
D) preventing a disease

Question 20

A drug that is able to unlock or activate a receptor and produce an effect is known as a/an ________ drug.

A) agonist
B) antagonist
C) blocker
D) synergist

Question 21

The therapeutic effect of a drug is usually exerted ________.

A) as a side effect
B) toward a target organ
C) as an adverse effect
D) by the release of histamine

Question 22

A drug-drug interaction in which two drugs combine to produce an effect greater than the independent effect of each drug is called ________.

A) antagonism
B) receptor
C) anaphylaxis
D) synergism

Question 23

Which statement about cholinergic receptors is FALSE?

A) The adjective cholinergic is derived from the word acetylcholine.
B) Cholinergic receptors are also known as adrenergic receptors.
C) Cholinergic receptors are part of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system.
D) Cholinergic receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 24

An idiosyncratic drug reaction is ________.

A) based on the patient's genetic makeup
B) a common side effect
C) based on an allergic reaction
D) all of the above

Question 25

The same drug given by a different route can exert either a local or a systemic effect.An example of this is ________.

A) topical Benadryl that relieves skin itching and oral Benadryl that relieves skin itching, nasal stuffiness, and red, watery eyes
B) an antihistamine drug that, when taken with grapefruit juice, can cause the adverse effect of heart arrhythmias
C) topical lidocaine that is gargled for anesthesia in the mouth and intravenous lidocaine that is used to treat cardiac arrhythmias
D) A and C

Question 26

Which pair of drugs listed below,if taken together,is an example of the drug-drug interaction known as synergism?

A) Alcohol and a tranquilizer drug
B) Tylenol and codeine
C) Potassium-wasting diuretic drug and potassium-sparing diuretic drug
D) all of the above

Question 27

Pilot Mark Adams is flying a plane today,but his fall allergy symptoms are giving him a runny nose and red,watery eyes.What is the most important fact he should know?

A) The antihistamine drug side effect of drowsiness can be used as a therapeutic effect to treat insomnia.
B) An allergic reaction involves an antibody and an antigen that combine and release histamine.
C) Antihistamine drugs cause a side effect of drowsiness that is undesirable in persons who must drive or operative machinery.
D) The perfect drug would have a complete therapeutic effect and no side effects.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Household measurement of a drug using a tablespoon is accurate.
B) Insulin is measured in units.
C) Penicillin is measured in inches.
D) Electrolyte drugs are measured in ratios.

Question 29

Which type of drug listed below is NOT measured in units?

A) insulin
B) vitamins
C) penicillin
D) vitamin

Question 30

The abbreviation h.s.means ________.

A) before meals
B) after meals
C) at bedtime
D) nothing by mouth

Question 31

Toxic effects are more common in elderly patients whose ________ are less able to metabolize and excrete a drug.

A) lungs and stomach
B) liver and kidneys
C) stomach and intestines
D) brain and central nervous system

Question 32

Side effects can be ________.

A) mild and temporary
B) moderate and annoying
C) severe enough that the drug must be stopped
D) all of the above

Question 33

Which system of drug measurement is used for nearly all drug doses?

A) apothecary
B) household
C) metric
D) ratio

Question 34

Nitroglycerin ointment is applied with specially marked paper that is measured in ________.

A) millimeters
B) inches
C) milligrams
D) size of dose ordered

Question 35

The therapeutic effect of an antagonist or blocker drug is to bind to the receptor and block ________ from activating the receptor.

A) hormones
B) neurotransmitters
C) enzymes
D) all of the above

Question 36

When toxic effects occur,the physician can respond by ________.

A) decreasing the dose of the drug
B) lengthening the time between doses
C) discontinuing the drug
D) all of the above

Question 37

All of the following are metric measurements,EXCEPT ________.

A) grain
B) milligram
C) cubic centimeter
D) milliliter

Question 38

The drug that is measured in inches on a marked piece of applicator paper and used to treat angina pectoris is known as ________.

A) nitroglycerin ointment
B) topical corticosteroid
C) insulin
D) Maalox

Question 39

What common problems of the elderly lead to missed drug doses and overdoses?

A) vision problems
B) memory problems
C) taking multiple drugs on different schedules
D) all of the above

Question 40

The antibiotic drugs gentamicin and kanamycin are known to exert toxic effects on the ear.This is known as ________.

A) nephrotoxicity
B) liver toxicity
C) ototoxicity
D) brain toxicity

Question 41

A drug dose for a pediatric patient is calculated on the basis of ________.

A) age
B) height
C) weight
D) total body surface area

Question 42

When the antibiotic drug tetracycline is taken with an antacid,these two drugs ________.

A) form an insoluble compound that prevents a therapeutic effect
B) cause a side effect of severe diarrhea
C) produce an allergic reaction with each other
D) have synergism and an increased therapeutic effect of each drug

Question 43

Housewife Shannon McGee is taking an MAO inhibitor drug for depression.She knows she should not eat any foods that are high in tyramine to avoid getting hypertension and a headache.She should avoid all of these foods,EXCEPT ________.

A) chocolate and bananas
B) aged cheeses
C) meat
D) alcohol

Question 44

An allergic reaction is a type of side effect caused by the release of histamine.

Question 45

Adrenergic receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the parasympathetic division of the nervous system.

Question 46

"Tall Man" letters (capital letters within drug names)are used to ________.

A) distinguish it from other look-alike drug names
B) call attention to possible side effects
C) tell which drug company produced the drug
D) all of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a paradoxical drug effect?

A) pollen and antibodies combine to produce an allergy
B) antibiotic drug producing ototoxicity
C) a drug for irritable bowel being taken off the market
D) amphetamine stimulant drugs used to decrease hyperactivity in children

Question 48

A patient may take several doses of a drug without having an allergic reaction,but later develop an allergic reaction to that drug.

Question 49

All drugs have a target organ where they exert their effect.

Question 50

An adverse effect is a type of severe side effect.

Question 51

The opposite of drug-drug antagonism is ________.

A) allergy
B) otoxicity
C) chronotherapy
D) synergism

Question 52

Which of these things does an antagonist drug do?

A) occupies and blocks a receptor
B) does not activate the receptor
C) keeps other drugs from activating the receptor
D) all of the above

Question 53

The metric system was officially endorsed as the exclusive system for drug measurement in the U.S.by the ________.

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) International System of Units
C) American Medical Association
D) all of the above

Question 54

A black box warning in the drug's package insert is used to call attention to ________.

A) side effects
B) fatal adverse reactions
C) antagonism
D) all of the above

Question 55

A drug error can occur because one of the "seven rights of drug administration" is not followed,such as ________.

A) the nurse does not check the patient's identification band
B) the pharmacy does not carry that particular drug
C) the patient has been transferred to surgery
D) all of the above

Question 56

Pharmacodynamics is the mechanism by which drugs produce their effects (desired or undesired)based on ________.

A) time
B) knowledge
C) dose
D) A and C

Question 57

The side effects of anticholinergic drugs are remembered with the abbreviations ABCD.The D stands for ________.

A) drug
B) diarrhea
C) dry mouth
D) depression

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a type of drug measurement?

A) milliequivalent
B) pharmacotherapy
C) ratio
D) inch

Question 59

The doses for chemotherapy drugs ________.

A) are based on the patient's total body surface area
B) are customized to maximize effectiveness while minimizing side effects
C) are expressed as mg/m²
D) all of the above

Question 60

One drug can act as a master key to unlock several different receptors in different organs.

Question 61

Certain ethnic groups,such as those of Asian,Jewish,and African descent,have well-known idiosyncratic reactions to certain drugs.

Question 62

Once a drug is approved by the FDA and on the market,its advertisements,informational literature,prescribing information,and package inserts for the drug must list the side effects.

Question 63

One milliliter (mL)and one cubic centimeter (cc)can be used interchangeably as measurements of drug doses.

Question 64

An allergic reaction to a drug will only occur if the blood level of the drug is at a toxic level.

Question 65

The way to optimize the therapeutic effect of a drug and minimize the occurrence of adverse or toxic effects is to take the drug exactly as prescribed.

Question 66

Drugs given intravenously exert a systemic effect.

Question 67

All drugs approved by the FDA are entirely safe and without potential side effects and risks.

Question 68

A drug used to treat severe cystic acne has been associated with the adverse effect of suicide.

Question 69

Physicians,pharmacists,and the DEA can report adverse drug effects to the FDA.

Question 70

Before FDA approval,the drug company must show that a drug does not produce a toxic effect when administered in a therapeutic dose.

Question 71

Once a patient is sensitized to a particular drug,only a full dose of that drug will trigger an allergic reaction.

Question 72

Severe side effects are also known as adverse effects.

Question 73

The standard adult drug dose can be given to all adults,including elderly,very thin,or very obese patients.

Question 74

When antibiotic drugs are prescribed,their therapeutic effect is directed toward a target organ.

Question 75

Drugs given subcutaneously exert either a local or a systemic effect,depending on the type of drug.

Question 76

Most drugs are associated with at least one or two side effects (sometimes more)that are frequently observed after administration.

Question 77

When administered simultaneously,some drugs interact with each other in a particular way that either accentuates or diminishes the action of each.

Question 78

Once a drug has been approved by the FDA,if there are reports of severe adverse effects,the drug cannot be taken off the market.

Question 79

Drugs given by weight are measured in kilograms,milligrams,and micrograms.

Question 80

A patient who is allergic to one drug can safely take other drugs belonging to that drug group.