Deck 14: Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following is a type of rapid-acting insulin drug?

A) insulin aspart (NovoLog)
B) insulin glulisine (Apidra)
C) insulin lispro (Humalog)
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

What do these drugs-insulin aspart (NovoLog)and insulin glulisine (Apidra)-have in common?

A) They were created using recombinant DNA technology.
B) They are insulin analog drugs.
C) They are rapid-acting insulin drugs.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

Insulin drug categories include which of the following?

A) rapid-acting insulin
B) intermediate-acting insulin
C) long-acting insulin
D) all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which biguanide oral antidiabetic drugs work?

A) by decreasing the absorption of glucose from the intestine
B) by improving the ability of body cells to use any insulin that is secreted
C) by slowing the rate at which food leaves the stomach
D) by decrease the release of stored glucose from the liver

Question 5

Former President John F.Kennedy had ________,which gave his skin an unusually bronzed and tanned appearance.

A) hyperthyroidism
B) Addison's disease
C) diabetes mellitus, type 2
D) acromegaly

Question 6

Oral antidiabetic drugs are used to treat patients with ________.

A) diabetes insipidus
B) both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
C) type 1 diabetes mellitus only
D) type 2 diabetes mellitus only

Question 7

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor category of oral antidiabetic drugs ________.

A) inhibits the action of certain enzymes that digest carbohydrates
B) inhibits the production of insulin in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
C) prolongs the action of insulin on insulin receptors
D) stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 8

Which type of diabetes was previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)or juvenile-onset diabetes?

A) diabetes insipidus
B) type 1 diabetes mellitus
C) type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which type of insulin is also known as insulin regular?

A) insulin derived from animals
B) intermediate-acting insulin
C) long-acting insulin
D) rapid-acting insulin

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

A) the intestine
B) the pituitary gland
C) the pancreas
D) the adrenal glands

Question 11

The drug radioactive sodium iodide 131 ________.

A) emits low-level radiation
B) destroys thyroid tissue to treat hyperthyroidism
C) is used to treat thyroid cancer
D) A and B

Question 12

Which category of oral antidiabetic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus was first approved to treat an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood?

A) intermediate-acting insulin drugs
B) bile acid sequestrant antidiabetic drugs
C) sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drugs
D) incretin mimetic antidiabetic drugs

Question 13

The size of the crystals of insulin determines ________.

A) if the insulin can be used to treat type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus
B) how many hours the therapeutic effect continues
C) how quickly the insulin can act in the body to lower the blood glucose level
D) which cells will be able to utilize glucose

Question 14

________ drugs are prescribed for AIDS patients to counteract the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with AIDS wasting syndrome.

A) Antidiabetic
B) Corticosteroid
C) Growth hormone replacement
D) Anabolic steroid

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which amylin analog antidiabetic drugs work?

A) by decreasing the absorption of glucose from the intestine
B) by slowing the rate at which food leaves the stomach
C) by stopping the release of stored glucose from the liver
D) by working in the brain to decrease the appetite

Question 16

Insulin lowers the blood glucose level by ________.

A) binding with glucose, rendering it ineffective
B) competing with glucose receptors on cell membranes
C) enabling cells to utilize glucose
D) inhibiting the production of glucose

Question 17

Insulin plays a role in glucose (sugar)________.

A) secretion
B) excretion
C) metabolism
D) all of the above

Question 18

Antithyroid drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism act by ________.

A) inhibiting the production of T₃ and T₄ in the parathyroid gland
B) inhibiting the production of T₃ and T₄ in the thyroid gland
C) stimulating the production of T₃ and T₄ in the parathyroid gland
D) stimulating the production of T₃ and T₄ in the thyroid gland.

Question 19

Rapid-acting insulin drugs begin to lower the blood glucose level in ________.

A) 15 minutes
B) one hour
C) two hours
D) three hours

Question 20

A syringe calibrated in units can be used to administer ________.

A) any antidiabetic drug if it is in a liquid form
B) any type of drug in a liquid form.
C) only insulin
D) only rapid-acting insulin drugs

Question 21

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Insulin doses are measured in units.
B) Regular insulin is also known as rapid-acting insulin.
C) NPH insulin contains protamine and zinc.
D) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also known as juvenile diabetes.

Question 22

Besides an antidiabetic drug,what lifestyle activities are important for managing diabetes mellitus?

A) exercise
B) a diet with a controlled amount of calories from carbohydrates and fats
C) weight control
D) all of the above

Question 23

The thyroid supplement drug for hypothyroidism that contains both T₃ and T₄ is called ________.

A) liotrix (Thyrolar)
B) methimazole (Tapazole)
C) liothyronine (Cytomel, Triostat)
D) all of the above

Question 24

All of these are thyroid supplement drugs that are used to treat hypothyroidism,EXCEPT ________.

A) oxandrolone (Oxandrin)
B) liothyronine (Cytomel, Triostat)
C) levothyroxine (Synthroid)
D) liotrix (Thyrolar)

Question 25

Growth hormone replacement drugs include all of the following,EXCEPT ________.

A) sermorelin (Geref)
B) methimazole (Tapazole)
C) somatrem (Protropin)
D) somatropin (Humatrope, Nutropin)

Question 26

All of the following are trade names for sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) glipizide (Glucotrol)
B) chlorpropamide
C) glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase)
D) exenatide (Byetta)

Question 27

The first drug ever created using recombinant DNA technology was ________.

A) NPH insulin
B) Humulin insulin
C) insulin glargine (Lantus)
D) triamcinolone (Kenalog)

Question 28

All of the following are corticosteroid drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) dexamethasone
B) prednisolone (Orapred, Pediapred
C) betamethasone (Celestone)
D) octreotide (Sandostatin)

Question 29

Insulin does all of the following,EXCEPT ________.

A) stimulates the pancreas to secrete hormones
B) carries glucose to the cell
C) binds with an insulin receptor on the cell membrane
D) transports glucose into the cell

Question 30

All of the following are trade name combination oral antidiabetic drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) Januvia
B) Glucovance
C) Avandamet
D) Metaglip

Question 31

When a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus injects insulin,a longer needle (1/2 inch or 5/8 inch)must be inserted at a ________ degree angle so that the insulin is not injected into the muscle layer.

A) 10
B) 45
C) 90
D) 130

Question 32

In the name of an insulin drug,the letter R stands for ________.

A) recombinant DNA technology drug
B) rapid-onset diabetes mellitus
C) regular
D) none of the above

Question 33

An insulin pump sounds an audible alarm if the ________.

A) patient's blood sugar is too low
B) insulin reservoir is empty
C) tubing is blocked
D) B and C

Question 34

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist drugs is a drug category that is also known as ________ antidiabetic drugs.

A) Thyroxine
B) Glucocorticoid hormones
C) incretin mimetic
D) anabolic steroid

Question 35

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus inject insulin once or several times a day at various sites in which of these places on the body?

A) the upper arms
B) thighs
C) abdomen
D) all of the above

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Increased growth hormone in adults causes acromegaly.
B) Hyperthyroidism can be treated with Synthroid.
C) "Stacking" is using two or more anabolic steroids drugs at the same time.
D) The drug name levothyroxine shows that its molecular structure is rotated to the left (levo-).

Question 37

Insulin can be administered via a/an ________.

A) insulin syringe
B) portable insulin pump
C) implantable computerized insulin pump
D) all of the above

Question 38

Each of the following is a category of oral antidiabetic drugs,EXCEPT ________.

A) sulfonylurea drugs
B) biguanide drugs
C) corticosteroid drugs
D) alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drugs

Question 39

All of the following trade name drugs are used to treat diabetes mellitus,EXCEPT ________.

A) Humulin N insulin
B) Synthroid
C) Starlix
D) DiaBeta

Question 40

Which statement about long-acting insulin drugs is FALSE?

A) Their therapeutic effect lasts 24 hours.
B) This type of insulin has large insulin crystals and added zinc.
C) This type of insulin is never used in combination with other insulin drugs.
D) This type of insulin is cloudy.

Question 41

The pancreas of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is still producing insulin,but in a smaller amount than normal.

Question 42

Roberta Clark must take high doses of a prescribed corticosteroid drug.Over time,she might develop ________.

A) a moon face
B) reddened cheeks
C) buffalo hump
D) all of the above

Question 43

Intermediate-acting insulin drugs have a faster onset but a longer effect than rapid-acting insulin drugs.

Question 44

The drug insulin was first introduced in the 1960s.

Question 45

Sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drugs stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete more insulin.

Question 46

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is first treated with insulin,but an oral antidiabetic drug may be added later,if needed.

Question 47

Drugs used to treat hypothyroidism act by supplementing existing levels of T₃ and/or T₄.

Question 48

Antithyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism.

Question 49

The well-known generic thyroid hormone drug levothyroxine is related to the trade name drug ________.

A) Victoza
B) Synthroid
C) Onglyza
D) Farxiga

Question 50

The preferred treatment for Cushing's syndrome is surgery to remove the tumor,not prescribing drugs.

Question 51

Incretin mimetic antidiabetic drugs are given orally and are only used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Question 52

Anabolic steroid drugs can be used legally in all of the following ways,EXCEPT ________.

A) to promote weight gain after surgery or trauma
B) to increase the red blood cell (RBC) count to treat anemia
C) to increase the muscle mass in professional athletes
D) to treat loss of muscle mass in patients with AIDS

Question 53

Drugs used to treat hypothyroidism are obtained from natural sources,such as desiccated (dried)animal pancreas,or they are synthetically manufactured.

Question 54

Drugs used to treat acromegaly decrease the secretion of growth hormone or block growth hormone from activating receptors on cells in the body.

Question 55

Intermediate-acting insulin drugs contain added protamine and zinc to prolong the therapeutic effect of the insulin.

Question 56

The well-known generic oral antidiabetic drug glyburide is related to the trade name drugs of Glynase and ________.

A) DiaBeta
B) Avandia
C) Humulin N
D) AndroGel

Question 57

Oral antidiabetic drugs can increase the number of insulin receptors on body cells.

Question 58

The meglitinide oral antidiabetic drugs increases the sensitivity of the cell to insulin produced by the pancreas and suppresses the release of stored glucose from the liver.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about Addison's disease is FALSE?

A) Its symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and decreased ability to tolerate stress, disease, or surgery.
B) It is an autoimmune disease.
C) The adrenal cortex secretes too much cortisol hormone.
D) It causes a bronzed color to the skin.

Question 60

Drugs used to treat diabetes insipidus act as replacement therapy for ________.

A) thyroid hormone
B) corticosteroids
C) growth hormone
D) antidiuretic hormone

Question 61

In diabetes insipidus,there are insufficient levels of ADH.The abbreviation ADH stands for ________.

Question 62

Oral antidiabetic drugs are a unique drug form of insulin.

Question 63

Beef,beef/pork,and pork insulin drugs are available in the United States.

Question 64

To make NPH intermediate-acting insulin,protamine and zinc are added.Protamine was originally taken from the semen of a river trout.

Question 65

GLP-1 and GIP are hormones that are released into the blood by the small intestine after food is eaten.They stimulate the pancreas to make more insulin.

Question 66

One drug used to treat diabetes insipidus-desmopressin (DDAVP,Stimate)-is given by he subcutaneous or intramuscular route or in the form of an intranasal spray.

Question 67

The ending -gliptin is common to generic DPP-4 inhibitor oral antidiabetic drugs.

Question 68

Type 2 diabetes was previously known as NIDDM.This abbreviation stands for ________.

Question 69

All insulin drugs on the market today are created by recombinant DNA technology.

Question 70

The abbreviation rDNA means that an insulin drug was created by ________ DNA technology.

Question 71

Because the insulin molecule is broken down by digestive enzymes,insulin can never be given orally.

Question 72

The thyroid gland secretes the hormones T₃ and T₄.Decreased levels of these hormones cause hyperthyroidism.

Question 73

In the trade name Humalog Mix 75/25 or Novolin 70/30,the first number given is the percentage of rapid-acting insulin in that combination insulin drug.

Question 74

The ________ category of oral antidiabetic drugs are structurally derived from sulfonamide anti-infective drugs,but they do not have any anti-infective action.

Question 75

Untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus eventually leads to the diabetic complications of diabetic retinopathy,diabetic neuropathy,arteriosclerosis,ketoacidosis,and even death.

Question 76

Glucocorticoid hormones are powerful anti-inflammatory hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex.These are also available as drugs that are known as ________ drugs because they act in the same way as the natural hormones from the adrenal cortex and their chemical structure is that of a steroid.

Question 77

An insulin syringe's calibration is unique,because it is calibrated in ________,a standardized measurement for insulin doses.

Question 78

Insulin is secreted by ________ cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Question 79

On an insulin drug label,U-100 means 100 units/mL.

Question 80

One category of antidiabetic drugs is based on the action of ________,substances in the body that stimulate GLP receptors on the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin when blood glucose levels are high.