Deck 16: Organized Crime

Question 1

Which of the following can be classified as both a predatory and a consensual crime associated with organized crime?

A) theft of goods from a commercial establishment
B) the counterfeiting of consumer products
C) extortion
D) government fraud

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a mandatory component of organized crime,as specified by the Criminal Code of Canada?

A) Involves five or more persons inside or outside Canada.
B) Includes at least three serious offences.
C) Involves an offence or offences that result in a material benefit.
D) Involves a group that has persisted over time or has formed randomly to commit a single offence.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Vander Beken and Beare,what sets organized crime apart from other types of crime that can be simply observed,counted,and classified?

A) the nature of the harm
B) money
C) the number of offenders
D) politics

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the term used for someone who is a prospective member of an outlaw motorcycle gang?

A) hawg
B) puppet
C) one percenter
D) striker

Question 5

What is one of the main reasons why organized crime is so hard to eliminate?

A) its goods and services are in high demand
B) it is difficult to know who is in a crime group and who is not
C) there are not enough of these groups in Canada to warrant police attention
D) the Criminal Code does not adequately lay out charges that apply

Question 6

What is the term used in the textbook for organized crime that crosses national boundaries?

A) international organized crime
B) multinational organized crime
C) transnational organized crime
D) global entrepreneurial crime

Question 7

What is the basis of the division of labour in symmetrical criminal networks?

A) family history or connections
B) power or prestige
C) skills or resources
D) time and place

Question 8

According to the text,what has recently become the only criterion for membership in most criminal networks?

A) strong ties to the gang through family membership
B) ethnic commonality with the membership code
C) connections to corrupt police who will aid their efforts
D) the ability to contribute to the collective profits

Question 9

Which of the following is a name used by an outlaw motorcycle gang to refer to a specialized unit that carries out enforcement functions,including murder?

A) the Filthy Few
B) the Prospects
C) the Puppeteers
D) the Secretaries

Question 10

Which of the following can be considered a consensual crime?

A) counterfeiting
B) extortion
C) corporate fraud
D) loan sharking

Question 11

Ianni (1974)identified two basic forms of relationships among the individuals involved in criminal groups.Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by close personal relationships among members?

A) associational
B) entrepreneurial
C) hierarchical
D) division of labour

Question 12

Which of the following criminal activities is a key difference between organized and unorganized crime?

A) violence as a means to solve problems
B) their use of tactical illegal activities such as corruption
C) the volume of crimes committed in a year
D) drug trafficking as a method of earning income

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes organized crime from a riotous mob?

A) There is a conspiracy to commit serious illegal acts.
B) There is specialization/division of labour.
C) There is a systematic pattern to the relationship of the offenders.
D) There is insulation against enforcement and prosecution.

Question 14

Table 16.1 in the text book, identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime,all of which are grouped into four categories.Which category do the characteristics of "continuing enterprise" and "career criminals" fall under?

A) structural/organizational
B) institutional
C) commercial
D) behavioural

Question 15

How many members does aChapter of outlaw motorcycle gangChapter usually have?

A) 6-10
B) 6-25
C) 15-30
D) 31-40

Question 16

What is the term for an Italian-American mafia member who believes that anyone who follows the rules and laws is a sucker and deserves to be victimized?

A) Capo
B) wiseguy
C) Big Circle Boy
D) striker

Question 17

One of the ways that a crime group insulates itself from law enforcement is through policies such as the code of omertà.Which of the following defines this code?

A) code of brutality
B) code of virtue
C) code of brotherhood
D) code of silence

Question 18

Table 16.1 in the text book, identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime,all of which are grouped into four categories.Which category do "multiple enterprises" and "illegal activities committed for financial or other material benefit" fit under?

A) hierarchical
B) symmetrical
C) institutional
D) commercial

Question 19

Unlawfully obtaining money,property,or services from an individual or entity through coercion and intimidation is the definition of which of the following?

A) extortion
B) fraud
C) theft
D) robbery

Question 20

What is the term applied to the technique of legitimizing illegally earned revenue?

A) corruption
B) loan sharking
C) money laundering
D) papering

Question 21

What is the most dominant outlaw motorcycle gang in Canada?

A) The Outlaws
B) Satan's Choice
C) Los Bravos
D) Hells Angels

Question 22

Which of the following theoretical models describes organized crime as highly structured,with well-defined vertical power relations among members,and a division of labour?

A) the bureaucratic/hierarchical model
B) the syndicate model
C) the kinship model
D) the patron-client model

Question 23

Which type of illegal activity dominates Indigenous organized crime in the Prairie provinces?

A) smuggling
B) drug trafficking
C) counterfeiting
D) gambling

Question 24

According to the textbook,which of the following are economic theories most applicable to?

A) consensual crimes,but not predatory crimes
B) predatory crimes and consensual crimes
C) neither predatory nor consensual crimes
D) predatory crimes,but not consensual crimes

Question 25

During the 1920s the outlawing of liquor in the US helped to modernize organized crime.Which of the following best reflects this cause-effect relationship?

A) ethnic succession theory
B) alien conspiracy theory
C) group conflict theory
D) public policy impetus

Question 26

Which city harbours most of the Canadian cell members of the 'ndrangheta?

A) Toronto
B) Vancouver
C) Montreal
D) Winnipeg

Question 27

Which of the following theories forms the basis for ethnic succession theory?

A) deterrence
B) differential association
C) social control
D) strain

Question 28

Which of the following best explains how public policy creates an underground market?

A) by prohibiting goods or services or over-taxing them
B) by prohibiting goods or services or lowering taxes on them
C) by exporting goods to other countries
D) by maintaining taxes on goods in the face of dwindling supply and demand

Question 29

Which of the contentions regarding La Cosa Nostra and Alien Conspiracy theory has been supported by scholarly research?

A) The LCN was imported from Sicily or Italy and that it is a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.
B) The LCN was imported from Sicily or Italy but there is no a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.
C) The LCN is a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control but was not imported from Italy.
D) The origins of the LCN can be found in America but it is not nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.

Question 30

What is the key difference between organized crime groups and terrorist groups?

A) Terrorists organize hierarchically,while organized crime groups organize based on skills.
B) Terrorists buy illegal goods,while organized crime groups sell them.
C) Organized crime groups sell the illegal goods within international borders,while terrorist groups cross borders,
D) Organized criminals attempt to corrupt officials,while terrorists try to change political ideology.

Question 31

What was a major impetus behind the growth of organized crime in Russia in recent years?

A) prohibition outlawing the sale of alcohol
B) destruction of the French Connection as the main supplier of heroin to North America
C) the end of the Vietnam War
D) the fall of the Soviet Union

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the position of the Capo in the patron-client organizational model?

A) He is above the network of family and business relationships.
B) He rarely comes in contact with anyone who actually commits a crime.
C) He serves as an intermediary,bringing people and resources together.
D) He acts as a chief executive officer of the organization.

Question 33

Which of the following genres or groups exemplifies ethnic succession theory?

A) outlaw motorcycle gangs
B) Chinese-Canadian crime groups
C) middle-class males who become involved in organized crime
D) drug traffickers

Question 34

Which of the following crimes is a major activity for Russian/Eastern European organized crime groups in Canada?

A) tobacco smuggling
B) debit card fraud
C) human trafficking
D) gambling

Question 35

What role has the newly refined section 476 of the Criminal Code played in Canada's work toward addressing organized crime?

A) it legalized marijuana
B) it created new police powers around arrest and seizure of evidence
C) it defined "criminal organization" and designates three criminal organization offences
D) it defined fraud and "scandal" for large-scale operations

Question 36

Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a loose system of power and "business" relationships with the mafiosi serving as a middleman or a broker?

A) the patron-client model
B) the kinship model
C) the bureaucratic/hierarchical model
D) the network model

Question 37

According to the textbook,which of the following is the network model of organized crime most applicable to?

A) drug smuggling and trafficking conspiracies
B) cybercrime conspiracies
C) extortion conspiracies
D) prostitution conspiracies

Question 38

Which of the following organizational structures best represents Al Capone's illegal enterprises?

A) the bureaucratic/hierarchical model
B) the kinship model
C) the patron-client model
D) the network model

Question 39

What name was originally applied to a Chinese organized crime network that was made up of former soldiers from mainland China and now constitutes one of Canada's most dominant criminal conspiracies?

A) the Kung Lok Triad
B) Chinese tongs
C) the Lords of Chinatown
D) the Big Circle Boys

Question 40

Which of the following contradicts what the textbook says is the current state of organized crime in Canada?

A) There is a decreasing diversity of criminal groups.
B) The number of criminal groups is increasing.
C) Modern organized crime is increasingly characterizes as a fluid network of individuals.
D) Ethnicity is no longer the main binding force for organized crime groups.

Question 41

The Criminal Code definition of organized crime includes groups that form randomly to commit a single offence.

Question 42

Drug trafficking is the largest money-making activity for organized crime groups.

Question 43

Hells AngelsChapters are located only in Ontario and Quebec.

Question 44

Vietnamese groups are the most widespread and powerful Asian criminal genres operating in Canada.

Question 45

Recruitment for organized crime groups is largely numbers-based rather than skills-based.

Question 46

According to the textbook,the Criminal Code definition of organized crime is quite helpful in understanding the complexity of organized crime in Canada.

Question 47

Governments help create underground markets and organized crime through their policies.

Question 48

Consensual crime involves no victim.

Question 49

Most organized crime groups are not designed to last longer than their current leadership.

Question 50

Most organized crime groups share the same pattern of relationships among its members and hence similar organizational structures

Question 51

The only area of crime that organized groups have not successfully penetrated so far is cybercrime.

Question 52

Money laundering,violence,and corruption are all considered tactics used by organized crime to help support their money-making ventures.

Question 53

Organized crime is considered one of the more irrational forms of crime.

Question 54

Historically,crime groups have placed restrictions on membership based on race and ethnicity but this is shifting to be more inclusive and primarily based on economics.

Question 55

Alien conspiracy theory was first applied to Italian-American organized crime.

Question 56

A "wiseguy" is an Italian gang member who is "too smart for his own good" and he is usually eliminated through the use of violence.

Question 57

The division of labour in hierarchical criminal organization is based on the member's position in the power structure.

Question 58

In addition to illegal activities,members of organized crime groups may also be involved in legal businesses.

Question 59

Outlaw motorcycle gangs are a good example of ethnic succession theory.

Question 60

Cigarettes and liquor only find their way to underground (black)markets when they are prohibited by the state.

Question 61

The bureaucratic/hierarchical model views organized crime as a fluid and loosely knit network of like-minded criminal entrepreneurs,none of whom has any long-term authority over the others.