Deck 10: Motivating and Rewarding Employees

Question 1

According to Maslow, a person stranded on a desert island would _________ before she is worried about making weapons.

A)start a family
B)look for other people
C)look for food
D)establish her status on the island

Answer 1

look for food

Question 2

According to Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, _________ is/are associated with job satisfaction.

A)motivators
B)need for power
C)need for achievement
D)hygiene factors

Answer 2

motivators

Question 3

Motivation is not a personality trait.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In order to increase job satisfaction, Herzberg suggested emphasising _________.

A)motivators
B)job satisfaction
C)recognition
D)hygiene factors

Question 5

Self-actualisation most closely corresponds to _________.

A)achieving a high status
B)feeling aware of one's strengths
C)living up to one's potential
D)feeling good about yourself

Question 6

Hygiene factors are best defined as factors that _________.

A)eliminate job satisfaction and increase motivation
B)eliminate job dissatisfaction but don't motivate
C)clarify goals but don't offer rewards
D)clarify rewards and offer rewards

Question 7

A single individual cannot have high motivation for one task and low motivation for another task.

Question 8

According to Maslow's hierarchy, which of the following is an example of a higher level need?

A)Self-esteem
B)Food
C)Shelter
D)Safety

Question 9

Research suggests that many US employees are passionate about their work.

Question 10

According to Herzberg, favourable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel _________.

A)not dissatisfied
B)satisfied
C)indifferent
D)dissatisfied

Question 11

Motivation is a process that leads to achieving a goal.

Question 12

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy, direction and persistence.

Question 13

Many people incorrectly view motivation as a(n) _________.

A)process
B)personal trait
C)level of persistence
D)energy

Question 14

The direction of an individual's motivation can be channelled to benefit _________.

A)an individual's family only
B)both individuals and/or organisations
C)only an individual
D)only an organisation

Question 15

Describe the three key elements of motivation.

Question 16

Which theory is considered a negative view of people?

A)Theory Y
B)Expectancy theory
C)Need for affiliation theory
D)Theory X

Question 17

The key to motivation, according to Maslow, is to identify _________.

A)a person's level in the needs hierarchy
B)a person's wants first then identify their needs
C)lower order needs first
D)a person's most important level in the needs hierarchy

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?

A)Only McGregor focuses on human nature.
B)Both McGregor and Herzberg focus on human nature.
C)Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
D)McGregor focuses on the needs of the individual.

Question 19

Which of the following holds that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction?

A)Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
C)Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
D)Vroom's expectancy theory

Question 20

Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because _________.

A)needs and wants are completely different
B)each level must be substantially satisfied before the next need becomes dominant
C)only some needs are important
D)all needs are equal

Question 21

Describe how Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory explains motivation.What does the research tell us about the theory's validity?

Question 22

Research supports the validity of Maslow's hierarchical model.

Question 23

McClelland thinks that having a high need for achievement (nAch) guarantees that a person will be a good manager.

Question 24

Maslow contends that lower-order needs are satisfied internally and higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 25

In Maslow's system, a person takes care of social needs before worrying about personal safety.

Question 26

In a short essay, list and discuss the three needs theory according to David McClelland.Then identify which of these needs has been studied most extensively and discuss the findings of this research.

Question 27

Which of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

A)Need for affiliation
B)Need for social acceptance
C)Need for power
D)Need for achievement

Question 28

The best way to motivate most people is to adopt a Theory X view of life.

Question 29

In Maslow's view, the key to understanding motivation is to understand where in the hierarchy of needs a person is located.

Question 30

Ingrid's use of better working conditions and employee relations is likely to _________.

A)decrease employee dissatisfaction and increase satisfaction
B)decrease employee satisfaction
C)increase employee satisfaction
D)decrease employee dissatisfaction

Question 31

Talia was using which type of Herzberg factors to increase productivity levels?

A)Esteem
B)Motivators
C)Social
D)Hygiene

Question 32

Managers with a Theory Y view of life think people need to be given the freedom to make their own choices.

Question 33

The best managers tend to be low in _________.

A)need for affiliation
B)emotional intelligence
C)need for power
D)personal responsibility

Question 34

In Herzberg's view, removing a factor of dissatisfaction makes a person more satisfied with his or her job.

Question 35

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that all needs are sought after to an equal degree at all times.

Question 36

Talia is what type of manager?

A)Autocratic
B)Theory Y-oriented
C)Dictatorial
D)Theory X-oriented

Question 37

Talia has the desire to develop and use his own abilities and potential to the maximum, an example of the _________ need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A)social
B)self-actualisation
C)safety
D)esteem

Question 38

Successful managers tend to be better at _________.

A)assigning easy goals for themselves rather than their subordinates
B)prioritising their own goals over goals of others
C)accomplishing goals rather than identifying goals
D)helping others achieve goals rather than achieving goals themselves

Question 39

In Herzberg's view, removing a hygiene factor makes a person less dissatisfied with his or her job.

Question 40

Which of the following was directly influenced by Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A)Expectancy theory
B)McClelland's three needs theory
C)The job characteristics model
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 41

In equity theory, an under-rewarded individual is likely to _________.

A)have just the right motivation to get the job done
B)lack motivation because she does not receive enough reward for what she does
C)have high motivation due to high self-esteem
D)have high motivation to show her value to the organisation

Question 42

In equity theory, a worker's self-category compares a person's outcomes-to-input ratio with _________.

A)the person's own standards and expectations
B)the lowest paid worker
C)the standards and expectations of other workers
D)the highest paid worker

Question 43

A theory that suggests that employees compare their inputs and outputs from a job to the ratio of relevant others is known as _________.

A)equity theory
B)action motivation
C)goal setting
D)reinforcement theory

Question 44

How does Herzberg recommend staff should be motivated?

Question 45

In the JCM, motivation and satisfaction increase when which of the following is true?

A)The employee feels rewarded
B)The employee cares about the task
C)The employee feels good about herself
D)The employee feels like she belongs

Question 46

Under-rewarded inequity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio _________ that of the referent.

A)is less than
B)is equal to
C)is greater than or equal to
D)is greater than

Question 47

The JCM contends that meaningful work is _________.

A)considered unimportant to managers
B)high paying
C)always difficult
D)considered important and valuable by the worker

Question 48

In equity theory, distributive justice is concerned with which of the following?

A)Comparing one individual to an entire system
B)Comparing the allocation of outcomes among individuals
C)Comparing output-to-input ratios among large groups
D)Comparing fairness between different cultures

Question 49

Equity theory recognises that individuals are concerned with _________.

A)comparing their rewards to those of others
B)employers sharing profits
C)making enough money to live on
D)justice for all people who work

Question 50

The second variable in expectancy theory requires the worker to ask himself or herself: If I perform at a given level, how likely is it that I will _________?

A)be promoted to a higher position in the company
B)be noticed by my superiors
C)attain the reward or outcome I am looking for
D)keep my job

Question 51

Equity exists when one's own outcomes-to-input ratio _________ that of the referent.

A)is equal to
B)is greater than or less than
C)is less than
D)is greater than

Question 52

Which is the best summary of goal-setting theory?

A)The more challenging the goals the happier employees will be
B)Always make your goals a bit higher than you can reach
C)Specific goals increase performance
D)Having a goal will always lead to improved performance

Question 53

According to the job characteristics model, the degree to which the job affects the lives of other people is known as _________.

A)autonomy
B)skill variety
C)feedback
D)task significance

Question 54

Equity theory compares your own outcomes-to-input ratio to that of _________.

A)your boss
B)the input-to-output ratio of an idealised worker
C)the input-to-output ratio of another worker
D)a referent

Question 55

What are the assumptions of Theory Y?

Question 56

The key to expectancy theory is that an individual's goals _________.

A)are not too high
B)match the goals of fellow workers and superiors
C)match the rewards provided by the organisation
D)are not too high and not too low

Question 57

Katie has just been asked to type up a report in two days using a software program she has never seen before.Katie wonders if she will be able to get her project accomplished on time and in the format wanted by her manager.This is an example of which variable in Vroom's expectancy theory?

A)Effort-performance linkage
B)Valence-reward linkage
C)Performance-reward linkage
D)Attractiveness

Question 58

Goal-setting tends to do well in _________, where its basic ideas align well with general cultural values.

A)the Middle East
B)Australia
C)South America
D)India and China

Question 59

In goal-setting theory, which feedback is the most powerful motivator?

A)Feedback from a panel of experts
B)Peer feedback
C)Self-feedback
D)Feedback from a superior

Question 60

In expectancy theory, a person may have the ability to reach a certain goal, but lack motivation because _________.

A)the goal is too easy
B)the goal is too hard
C)the person has no strong desire to reach the goal
D)the person's desire to reach the goal is too strong

Question 61

In addition to these changes, Acme managers explained how important their product was to the world economy.Which core dimension in the job characteristics model is this?

A)Task significance
B)Task identity
C)Skill variety
D)Autonomy

Question 62

Equity theory holds that employees who feel underpaid will decrease their level of effort and performance in response to feelings of inequity.

Question 63

What are the three variables of expectancy theory?

Question 64

What is the most powerful way to motivate employees, according to what employees say?

A)Employee peer groups
B)Threaten low-performing employees with losing their jobs
C)Use employee recognition programs
D)Music in the workplace

Question 65

Across cultures, the need for achievement seems to correlate with which of the following?

A)Acceptance of risk
B)Need for money
C)Little acceptance of risk
D)Need for security

Question 66

To increase the motivation through enrichment, Acme decides to increase the meaningfulness of the work.This might be done by _________.

A)giving workers more feedback
B)giving workers less feedback
C)decreasing autonomy of workers
D)increasing skill variety

Question 67

Equity theory has three referent categories to which workers compare themselves: persons, systems and self.

Question 68

Goal-setting theory states that having specific goals improves performance.

Question 69

The integrated model for motivation features the following basic sequence.

A)Effort → performance → rewards → individual goals
B)Needs → factors → extrinsic factors → individual goals
C)Effort → equity → goals → needs
D)Needs → goals → individual effort → organisational goals

Question 70

One way managers can motivate employees to support sustainability initiatives is to _________.

A)hire people who are already passionate about sustainability
B)offer them more health benefits
C)reduce their work hours
D)promote socialisation at the organisation

Question 71

According to expectancy theory, managers should give all workers the same rewards.

Question 72

Which statement accurately summarises the relationship between job satisfaction and telecommuting?

A)Telecommuters who dress casually have decreased motivation.
B)Telecommuters are highly motivated to perform work tasks but do not demonstrate greater job satisfaction.
C)Telecommuters who maintain a balance between work and family life have a decrease in both job satisfaction and motivation.
D)Telecommuters initially have an increase in job satisfaction, but as number of hours increased, job satisfaction levels off.

Question 73

In the integrated model for motivation, high achievers circumvent the entire sequence of steps for motivation because _________.

A)they are motivated by the organisation's assessment of their performance
B)they are internally motivated, not motivated by rewards
C)their only goal is domination
D)they are motivated by rewards only, not by internal factors

Question 74

Describe and discuss the job characteristics model.

Question 75

In today's diverse workforce, which factor do managers need to focus on most to maximise motivation?

A)Status and recognition
B)Effective career development plans
C)Remuneration and fringe benefits
D)Flexibility

Question 76

Vroom's expectancy theory would say that a worker with a higher expectation of performance will definitely apply more effort to a job.

Question 77

The JCM is seen in the integrated model of motivation in that jobs that are designed around the five JCM dimensions _________.

A)decrease motivation because the work is too easy to complete and the autonomy lacks structure
B)increase motivation by applying pressure to employees
C)decrease motivation by giving the employee too much autonomy
D)increase motivation because the worker enjoys the work itself and the autonomy it provides

Question 78

Workers in formerly socialist countries tend to differ from Western workers with respect to equity theory in that they expect _________.

A)inputs and outcomes to be equal
B)outcomes to be greater than inputs
C)nothing from the state
D)inputs to be greater than outcomes

Question 79

In the JCM, autonomy and feedback are core dimensions for a job.

Question 80

Goal-setting theory shows that feedback from a superior provides better motivation than self-generated feedback.