Deck 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends

Question 1

To Horney,basic anxiety is:

A) the foundation of neurosis.
B) the fear of the unknown.
C) a latent trait.
D) a cardinal trait.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which statement does not reflect Horney's views about childhood?

A) The fulfillment of safety needs of children can ensure their endurance to traumatic events.
B) Biological forces are more important than social forces in shaping personality.
C) There should be no discrimination based on gender.
D) A child's security depends entirely on how the parents treat the child.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is true of Horney's theory on personality?

A) It relates only to an adult's personality development.
B) It focuses on aggression as the core of personality.
C) It reflects a feminist viewpoint of psychoanalysis.
D) It stresses biological determinants of personality.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Horney believed that _____ people must repress their personal desires and cannot defend against abuse.

A) powerful
B) submissive
C) indifferent
D) affectionate

Question 5

What factor in Horney's childhood is reflected in her personality theory?

A) Her sufferance of sexual conflict
B) Her loneliness as an only child
C) Her fear of being unwanted by her parents
D) Her exhibition of perfectionist tendencies

Question 6

Helplessness,fear,and hostility create what Horney called _____.

A) basic negativism
B) basic anxiety
C) cognitive complexity
D) conditions of worth

Question 7

In Horney's view,a child who isolates himself and refuses to play with others may be experiencing:

A) the castration anxiety.
B) self-actualization.
C) withdrawal.
D) the Oedipus complex.

Question 8

According to Horney,one of the self-protective devices used to cope with basic anxiety involves:

A) creating feelings of loss and regret.
B) manifesting physical symptoms of pain.
C) withdrawing from people psychologically.
D) acting out sexually.

Question 9

As a child,Horney was:

A) excessively pampered.
B) interested in sports.
C) ambitious and rebellious.
D) severely punished.

Question 10

In Horney's view,in which of the following ways do children strive to protect against basic anxiety?

A) By seeking affection or love
B) By attaining power
C) By withdrawing from people
D) All of these are correct.

Question 11

According to Horney,children can develop feelings of security in spite of traumatic events when:

A) they are provided with a structured routine.
B) parents show warmth and affection.
C) parents treat them like adults.
D) they are provided with unrestricted freedom.

Question 12

Horney strongly disagreed with Freud about:

A) free association.
B) the importance of the superego.
C) penis envy.
D) the nature of the unconscious.

Question 13

In Horney's view,the more _____ a child feels,the more the child represses his or her hostility toward the parents.

A) protected
B) secure
C) ambitious
D) guilt

Question 14

Horney agreed with Freud about the:

A) importance of the early childhood years in shaping the adult personality.
B) primacy of instincts.
C) dominant role of the unconscious.
D) greater impact of biological forces as compared to social factors on personality.

Question 15

Horney's theory was influenced by her:

A) close association with Jung.
B) personal experiences.
C) work with Anna Freud.
D) experience with Allport.

Question 16

Horney compensated for her feelings of helplessness as a child by:

A) giving in to her parents' demands.
B) using rage and retribution toward everyone.
C) striving for academic success.
D) avoiding members of the opposite sex.

Question 17

Horney decided to undergo psychoanalysis after:

A) failing to secure admission into a law school.
B) realizing her inability to alleviate her depression and emotional problems otherwise.
C) realizing that despite her happiness,she did not have fulfillment in life.
D) facing verbal and physical racial discrimination.

Question 18

Karen Horney incorporated her own childhood experience of _____ into her theory.

A) sexual abuse
B) physical abuse
C) racial discrimination
D) neglect and want for love

Question 19

Which of the following is the reason for the breakdown of Horney's relationship with Erich Fromm?

A) Horney felt rejected when Fromm made disparaging comments about her appearance.
B) Fromm gave Horney's daughter,Marriane,the confidence to confront her mother for the first time.
C) Horney did not feel any attachment to Fromm who was 15 years older than her.
D) Horney suffered from loneliness in Fromm's absence,who travelled extensively on business.

Question 20

In Horney's view,the more afraid a child is of his or her parents,_____.

A) the more the child represses hostility
B) the lesser the child represses hostility
C) the lesser the child's guilt
D) the greater the child's guilt

Question 21

All of the following are neurotic needs according to Horney except:

A) safety.
B) power.
C) admiration.
D) exploitation.

Question 22

The idealized self-image of the neurotic person leads to a problem Horney called the:

A) Jonah complex.
B) midlife crisis.
C) realistic self-image.
D) tyranny of the shoulds.

Question 23

According to Horney,neurotic needs are:

A) irrational defenses against anxiety.
B) spontaneous and seemingly purposeless behaviors.
C) the innate needs to understand and overcome difficulties.
D) consciously planned aspects of behavior.

Question 24

The four self-protective mechanisms that were proposed by Horney:

A) indicate a person's drive for perfection.
B) defend against basic anxiety.
C) provide happiness and pleasure.
D) guarantee food,shelter,warmth,and love.

Question 25

According to Horney,people who rely on their own resources,have a great need for privacy and deny feelings for others represent the _____ personality type.

A) psychotic
B) detached
C) aggressive
D) compliant

Question 26

Which of the following is true of neurotic trends as described by Horney?

A) They are elaborations of the self-protective mechanisms.
B) They are displayed indiscriminately in any and all situations.
C) They are compulsive attitudes and behaviors.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 27

In Horney's view,_____ includes the neurotic needs for self-sufficiency,perfection,and narrow limits to life.

A) gaining affection
B) withdrawing
C) attaining power
D) being submissive

Question 28

In Horney' view,a person with a(n)_____ personality type would need to feel superior to others by automatic recognition of his or her uniqueness without struggle or involvement with others.

A) aggressive
B) compliant
C) dominant
D) detached

Question 29

In Horney's view,the self-image of a neurotic:

A) does not develop until he or she reaches middle age.
B) is based on an unrealistic self-appraisal.
C) does not differ from that of the normal person.
D) is formed due to the predominance of the shadow archetype.

Question 30

Horney believed that people with a(n)_____ personality type may become highly successful in their careers,although the work itself will not provide them any intrinsic satisfaction.

A) detached
B) withdrawing
C) compliant
D) aggressive

Question 31

The neurotic needs,as proposed by Horney,should become a cause for concern if a person:

A) manifests any of them,even in a transient sense.
B) is found to pursue one of them compulsively.
C) experiences more than three of them.
D) exhibits all of the neurotic needs.

Question 32

In Horney's system,conflict in personality:

A) derives from incompatibility among the three neurotic trends.
B) decreases in intensity when one neurotic trend prevails over the others.
C) decides the outcome of determinism versus free will for an individual.
D) occurs between the anima and the animus archetype.

Question 33

To Horney,a person who is excessively dependent on others belongs to the _____ personality type.

A) aggressive
B) compliant
C) detached
D) withdrawing

Question 34

As noted by Horney,individuals who manipulate others to achieve their own ends represent the neurotic trend of moving _____ people.

A) toward
B) against
C) with
D) away from

Question 35

According to Horney,individuals of the aggressive personality type try to protect themselves against anxiety by expressing the neurotic need for _____.

A) perfection
B) self-sufficiency
C) admiration
D) affection

Question 36

According to Horney,a normal person differs from a neurotic in that a normal person:

A) experiences no conflict among the neurotic trends.
B) expresses all neurotic trends as circumstances warrant.
C) experiences only one of the neurotic trends.
D) shows complete absence of neurotic trends.

Question 37

According to Horney,people with a compliant personality:

A) are insensitive to the needs of others.
B) are incapable of manipulating others.
C) regard themselves as superior to others.
D) feel helpless and weak about themselves.

Question 38

Horney's compliant personality is similar to Adler's:

A) avoiding type.
B) defying type.
C) getting type.
D) ruling type.

Question 39

According to Horney,the neurotic trend of moving toward other people is associated with the:

A) compliant personality.
B) aggressive personality.
C) detached personality.
D) intuitive personality.

Question 40

Horney believed that a self-image is constructed by a(n)_____ person built on a realistic appraisal of their own abilities,potentials,and weaknesses.

A) normal
B) neurotic
C) detached
D) introverted

Question 41

Identify a true statement about the flight from womanhood as proposed by Horney.

A) It leads to the denial of femininity.
B) It inhibits sexual desire.
C) It results in distrusting and resenting men.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 42

Horney used _____ to assess the functioning of the human personality.

A) hypnosis
B) neurological evaluation
C) projective tests and self-report inventories
D) free association and dream analysis

Question 43

Horney's idea that men envy women because of a woman's capacity for motherhood:

A) showed that men desire to be women.
B) was later accepted by Freud.
C) was based on the pleasure of experiencing childbirth.
D) was not displayed by most of her male patients.

Question 44

Horney believed that neuroses and conflicts can be avoided when children are raised:

A) with love,acceptance,and trust.
B) with independence and discipline.
C) to compromise with others.
D) to become power oriented.

Question 45

Horney believed that dreams were:

A) reliable sources of true memories.
B) nothing more than reflections of the past.
C) prospective in nature.
D) actual attempts to resolve problems.

Question 46

According to Horney,a woman's sense of inferiority is:

A) realistic and true for all women.
B) a consequence of penis envy.
C) biologically based.
D) socially and culturally based.

Question 47

Identify a true statement about Horney's belief regarding the construction of an idealized self-image.

A) It leads to a state of self-regret.
B) It is doomed to failure.
C) It is based on perfection.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 48

Between the two types of competitiveness identified by researchers,competing to excel (CE):

A) is linked to feelings of loneliness.
B) deals with a need to dominate others.
C) is linked to having a low self-esteem.
D) deals with surpassing one's personal goals.

Question 49

In Horney's view,although childhood influences are important,_____.

A) middle age is the phase of transformation from extraversion to introversion
B) later experiences also shape personality due to the flexibility of human nature
C) adolescent experiences are more important than the earliest childhood experiences
D) the idealized self-image of a person will be the greatest influence throughout his or her life

Question 50

Horney believed that men often express and compensate for womb envy:

A) by undergoing sex-change surgeries.
B) with feelings of depression and inferiority.
C) by seeking achievement in their work.
D) through the mechanism of reaction formation.

Question 51

In the context of neurotic competitiveness as proposed by Horney,hyper-competitive men:

A) scored high in self-esteem.
B) were obsessed in competing only with themselves.
C) were likely to be found across all cultures.
D) believed women to be unworthy of respect or consideration.

Question 52

According to Horney,the urge toward self-realization derives from:

A) an innate potential to fulfill life's ultimate goal.
B) the impact of social forces in adolescence.
C) our need to become self-sufficient.
D) a continuous conflict among the neurotic trends.

Question 53

Which of the following has been found to be true according to research on the neurotic trends as proposed by Horney?

A) College students preparing for careers in helping professions such as nursing and social work scored higher in compliance.
B) Children who scored highest on the detached scale were found to be low in school achievement and have psychiatric problems.
C) Shy girls with the neurotic trend of moving away from people became aloof adults with marital and job instability.
D) Aggressive and ill-tempered children with the neurotic trend of moving against people were found to have inaccurate and negative self-images.

Question 54

Unlike Freud,Horney:

A) believed in a cooperative therapist-client working relationship.
B) was too passive and distant with her patients.
C) delved into presumed infantile sexual fantasies.
D) placed more emphasis on the ego than on the id.

Question 55

In context of defining roles,Horney believes that modern women experience psychological conflict between:

A) adolescence and middle age.
B) love and work.
C) love for their children and love for their parents.
D) the ego and the superego.

Question 56

Horney was opposed to:

A) taking verbatim notes of her sessions.
B) formulating hypotheses.
C) testing her hypotheses in therapeutic situations.
D) making clinical observations of her patients.

Question 57

Horney' concept of the real self and self-realization were used by _____.

A) Frederick Taylor
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Jung

Question 58

Horney's actual research approach relied mainly on:

A) experimental observations to measure response to stimuli.
B) correlational research involving self-report inventories.
C) behavioral assessment through case studies.
D) hypnosis and neurological assessments.

Question 59

In Horney's view,the Oedipus complex in boys:

A) develops when parents act to undermine a child's security.
B) does not exist.
C) is biologically based.
D) results from the envy of the female capacity for motherhood.

Question 60

In the context of the free association method used by Horney to assess the functioning of her patients' personality,which of the following statements is true?

A) She followed Freud's lead in trying to probe their unconscious mind.
B) She delved into their presumed infantile sexual fantasies.
C) She focused on her patients' visible emotional reactions toward her.
D) She believed that patients would always be truthful about their feelings about the events they remembered.

Question 61

In Horney's view,neurotic needs were actual rational solutions to one's problems.

Question 62

Karen Horney was against the use of self-analysis,free association,and dream analysis.

Question 63

According to Horney,neurotic needs become less severe and are likely be overcome in late childhood even with no intervention on the part of the parents.

Question 64

List the 10 neurotic needs identified by Horney,and classify them on the four ways in which an individual protects himself or herself against basic anxiety.

Question 65

Describe the change in Horney's attitude and behavior toward her parents after the age of eight.Mention how this affected her adult personality.

Question 66

Horney selected the case study method that is similar to the method used by Freud,Jung,and Adler while working with their patients.

Question 67

According to Horney,neurotics tend to look for a problem in other people but blame themselves for it.

Question 68

Horney agreed with Freud's belief that therapy should be passive and intellectual.

Question 69

Define basic anxiety.Describe the different ways in which we try to protect ourselves against basic anxiety in our childhood.

Question 70

Although Karen Horney was married,she was constantly looking for other relationships.

Question 71

A person,according to Horney,will manifest all 10 neurotic needs to some degree.

Question 72

According to Horney,there are three categories of behaviors and attitudes toward oneself and others that express a person's needs.

Question 73

According to Horney,basic anxiety is the "all-pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world."

Question 74

A valid criticism of Horney's personality theory by Freudians is that her theory:

A) emphasizes excessively on sexuality.
B) does not address trauma in childhood.
C) denies the importance of biological instincts.
D) is greatly influenced by rural European culture.

Question 75

According to Horney,a person exhibiting a neurotic trend of moving against other people is most likely to have a neurotic need for perfection.

Question 76

Horney considered neurotic competitiveness as an indiscriminate need to win at all costs.

Question 77

Horney suffered from an inferiority complex from events that occurred when she was a young girl.

Question 78

Karen Horney was influenced by Freud,but she argued that men envied women because of their capacity for motherhood.

Question 79

Today,there is a renewed interest in Horney's ideas:

A) primarily due to her opposition to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality inventory.
B) primarily due to the women's movement that began in the 1960s.
C) since Horney believed only biological contributions affect personality.
D) since Horney made much use of research data from sociology and anthropology.

Question 80

Horney proposed the concept of the idealized self-image that helps us to improve and control their personality.