Deck 6: Overview of Cell Biology

Question 1

How many different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis in humans?

A)7
B)15
C)22
D)39

Answer 1

22

Question 2

What should the constant core temperature of the human body be?

A)28° C
B)37° C
C)43° C
D)57° C

Answer 2

37° C

Question 3

Inorganic materials are compounds that

A)contain only very small amounts of carbon.
B)contain moderate amounts of carbon.
C)contain large amounts of carbon.
D)do not contain carbon.

Answer 3

do not contain carbon.

Question 4

The steps,or rungs,of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are

A)acetic acids.
B)fatty acids.
C)pairs of nitrogenous bases.
D)sugar-phosphate compounds.

Question 5

The cell components that contain the centrioles are the

A)centrosomes.
B)Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
C)lysosomes.
D)ribosomes.

Question 6

In general,which of the following can human cells do?
1)Move,grow,react,and protect themselves
2)Repair damage and regulate life processes
3)Reproduce

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 7

Which of the following cause an increase in cellular activity that in turn causes biochemical reactions to occur more rapidly to meet the needs of the cell in stressful situations?

A)Acetic acids
B)Enzymes
C)Hormones
D)Nucleic acids

Question 8

What do the highly organized enzymes in the inner membranes of the mitochondria break down?
1)Carbohydrates
2)Fats
3)Proteins

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 9

Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A)Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
B)Nitric acid (HNO₃)
C)Potassium (K)and sodium (Na)
D)Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 10

During which of the following subphases of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle?

A)Anaphase
B)Metaphase
C)Prophase
D)Telophase

Question 11

Cytosine bonds only with

A)adenine.
B)guanine.
C)nitrogen.
D)thymine.

Question 12

A nucleotide is formed from a nitrogen-containing organic base,a ________________ molecule,and a phosphate molecule.

A)three-carbon sugar
B)five-carbon sugar
C)seven-carbon sugar
D)nine-carbon sugar

Question 13

Which of the following are compounds called purines?
1)Adenine and cytosine
2)Adenine and guanine
3)Adenine and thymine

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 14

Lysosomes are sometimes referred to as "suicide bags," because the enzymes they contain can break down and digest not only proteins and certain carbohydrates but also the cell itself should the lysosome's surrounding membrane rupture.Exposure to radiation may induce such a rupture.When this occurs what will happen to the cell?

A)It will multiply spontaneously.
B)It will divide very rapidly.
C)It is likely to die.
D)There will not be any effect on the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following are major tasks of the cytoplasm?
1)Accepts and builds up unrefined materials and assembles from these materials new substances such as carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins.
2)Breaks down organic materials to produce energy.
3)Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation.
4)Eliminates waste products.

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 16

The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called

A)carbohydrates.
B)fatty acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)polysaccharides.

Question 17

Adenine bonds only with

A)cytosine.
B)guanine.
C)hydrogen.
D)thymine.

Question 18

Antibodies are protein molecules produced by specialized cells in the bone marrow called

A)B lymphocytes.
B)R lymphocytes.
C)megakaryocytes.
D)oocytes.

Question 19

Which of the following is/are considered to be acellular tissue?

A)Bone
B)Fat
C)Muscle
D)Hair and nails

Question 20

In the human body mineral salts are necessary for
1)proper cell function.
2)creation of energy.
3)conduction of impulses along nerves.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 21

During mitosis,which phase of the cellular life cycle is the actual DNA synthesis period?

A)G₁
B)G₂
C)M
D)S

Question 22

What is a highly coiled strand that is one of two duplicated portions of DNA in a replicated chromosome that appears during cell division identified as?

A)A centrosome
B)A centromere
C)A chromatid
D)A curl

Question 23

What is any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons called?

A)Synthesis
B)Oxidation
C)Osmosis
D)Metabolism

Question 24

During what phase of mitosis are the centromeres severed followed by the sister chromatids moving apart and are then subsequently pulled toward opposite poles of the mitotic spindle?

A)Prophase
B)Metaphase
C)Anaphase
D)Telophase

Question 25

Fraternal twins may also be referred to as

A)dizygotic twins.
B)monozygotic twins.
C)polyzygotic twins.
D)trizygotic twins.