Deck 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography

Question 1

Which of the following terms are synonymous?
1)Automatic exposure control
2)Iterative reconstruction
3)Tube current modulation

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Answer 1

1 and 3 only

Question 2

A miscentering of ________ can produce as much as __________% increase in patient dose.

A)2 cm; 50
B)2 cm; 25
C)1 cm; 75
D)1 cm; 60

Answer 2

2 cm; 25

Question 3

Tube current modulation in CT scanning can

A)increase patient dose significantly.
B)increase patient dose only slightly.
C)help to reduce patient dose.
D)not affect patient dose.

Answer 3

help to reduce patient dose.

Question 4

In CT when a series of adjacent slices is obtained,some radiation will also scatter from the slice being made into the adjacent slices.What is this radiation called?

A)Forward scatter
B)Backscatter
C)Interslice scatter
D)Side scatter

Question 5

Which of the following is not typically used during a CT scan?
1)A tightly collimated x-ray beam
2)Direct patient shielding
3)Filtered back projection

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 6

Verifying that the center of the patient coincides with the center of the CT gantry is a significant part of dose reduction strategies that is under the control of the

A)CT technologist.
B)hospital or imaging facility administrator.
C)ordering physician.
D)patient.

Question 7

For mammography molybdenum filters allow a (an)_________________ than rhodium filters.

A)higher energy window
B)lower energy window
C)equal energy window
D)comparable energy window

Question 8

The entrance exposure from a CT examination may be compared with the entrance exposure received during which of the following procedures?

A)Screening mammography
B)A routine radiographic series of the lumbar spine with five projections
C)A routine radiographic series of the paranasal sinuses with four projections
D)A routine fluoroscopic examination

Question 9

Lower tube current is used in anatomic regions where there is ____________ attenuation because the anatomy is ____________ or _________ dense.

A)increased; thicker; more
B)decreased; thicker; more
C)increased; thinner; less
D)decreased; thinner; less

Question 10

In mammography maintaining and enhancing subject contrast is

A)not important.
B)minimally important.
C)of paramount importance for all patients.
D)only important for patients with dense breasts.

Question 11

During mammography,axillary projections should be done only on request of the

A)ordering physician.
B)patient.
C)radiologist.
D)technologist performing the examination.

Question 12

In CT because of higher effective energy of the x-ray beam,both ____________ and _______________ interactions contribute substantially to the image.

A)coherent; photodisintegration
B)classical; pair production
C)photoelectric; Compton
D)Compton; photodisintegration

Question 13

For routine head and body computed tomography examinations,effective doses fall into which of the following effective dose ranges?

A)1 to 10 mSv
B)20 to 30 mSv
C)40 to 50 mSv
D)60 to 70 mSv

Question 14

With higher radiation exposure to the patient during a computed tomography examination,there is

A)a decreased associated cancer risk because the radiation is more penetrating.
B)an increased associated cancer risk.
C)a negligible associated cancer risk because the radiation is less penetrating.
D)an extremely large cancer risk.

Question 15

Digital mammography units with the ability to enhance contrast with image gray-level manipulation offer

A)substantial improvement for patients with small breasts.
B)substantial improvement for patients with microcalcifications in small breasts.
C)substantial improvement for patients with dense breasts.
D)poor quality images for patients with dense breasts and microcalcifications.

Question 16

DLP represents the product of the CTDIVOL and the irradiated scan length.In what unit of measure is it usually expressed?

A)mGy-cm
B)mSv-cm
C)mGy-mSv
D)mSv-mRa

Question 17

Filtering refers to changing the projection data before doing the back projections to remove the

A)blurriness.
B)contrast.
C)grayness.
D)scattered radiation.

Question 18

Which of the following are relevant dose parameters in CT?
1)CT dose index (CTDI)
2)CTDIw
3)CTDIVOL
4)Dose length product (DLP)

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)2,3,and 4 only
C)1,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 19

In spiral image acquisition,the patient table moves during the acquisition so that a

A)single-dimension image is obtained.
B)three-dimensional data set is obtained.
C)four-dimensional data set is obtained.
D)six-dimensional data set is obtained.

Question 20

Which of the following terms are synonymous in relation to computed tomography?
1)Diagonal
2)Helical
3)Spiral

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 21

Which of the following groups advocate annual mammography screening or mammography screening at least every other year?
1)American College of Radiology
2)American Cancer Society
3)American Medical Association

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 22

The movement or advancement of the patient couch is known as

A)optimization.
B)iterative reconstruction.
C)tube current modulation.
D)table increment.

Question 23

______________ is the relationship between the movement or advancement of the patient couch and the x-ray beam collimator dimension.

A)Dose distribution
B)Iterative reconstruction
C)Pitch
D)Tube current modulation

Question 24

In computed tomography the dose at the edge of a beam does not decrease to _________ immediately.

A)15 cGy
B)10 cGy
C)5 cGy
D)0 (zero)

Question 25

In the early 2000s various publications calculated individual and population risks of cancer from CT based upon risk estimates from studies of which of the following groups of people?

A)Atomic bomb survivors
B)Early radiologists and radiographers
C)Patients undergoing treatment for thyroid cancer
D)The general public who were exposed to natural background radiation