Question 1

The nurse would expect to administer which drug when treating hyperemesis gravidarum?&#10;A)THC (Marinol)&#10;B)Haloperidol (Haldol)&#10;C)Dexamethasone (Prednisone)&#10;D)Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide is the drug of choice when treating hyperemesis gravidarum because no teratogenic effects have been reported with the use of this drug.THC is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer and cancer treatment.Haloperidol is used in the treatment of nausea associated with chemotherapy.Prednisone is used in the treatment of nausea associated with pregnancy, postsurgical state, chemotherapy, radiation, and bowel obstruction.

Question 2

What is an advantage of using benzodiazepines as an adjunctive treatment for nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy?&#10;A)The long half life will prolong the effectiveness of other drugs.&#10;B)They increase a sense of euphoria.&#10;C)The patient will not develop tolerance to the medications as quickly.&#10;D)The antianxiety effect helps, in addition to reducing the frequency of nausea and vomiting.

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam) are effective in reducing not only the frequency of nausea and vomiting, but also the anxiety often associated with chemotherapy.Benzodiazepines do not affect the effectiveness of other drugs.Although distraction can be an effective intervention, using benzodiazepines is not a method to achieve this goal.Tolerance to benzodiazepines can develop quickly; they do not affect the development of tolerance to other drugs.

Question 3

A patient going on vacation asks the nurse what she can give to her 3 year old child who becomes car sick.Which response(s) would be accurate? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)&#34;Positioning techniques such as placing the child facing forward and blocking out scenery through the side windows can be helpful.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;There is no such thing as car sickness.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;If your child does vomit, give over the counter Benadryl.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;I would check with the pharmacist regarding over the counter products available for young children.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Positioning techniques that help block out the rapid peripheral movement assist young children who suffer from motion sickness.Over the counter products are available to medicate a young child.A health care provider should recommend dosages and evaluate other medications being currently given.Motion sickness is very real, and dismissing a patient's complaints is unprofessional.Benadryl is not effective for treating nausea or vomiting.

Question 4

The nurse is assessing a patient with nausea and vomiting.Which additional autonomic symptoms that often accompany vomiting will the nurse observe?&#10;A)Bradycardia, diarrhea, and flushing&#10;B)Pallor, sweating, and tachycardia&#10;C)Urinary urgency, chills, and dizziness&#10;D)Fever, hyperventilation, and bradycardia

Accepted Answer

Autonomic symptoms of pallor, sweating, and tachycardia cause additional discomfort associated with vomiting.Bradycardia, diarrhea, flushing, urinary urgency, chills, dizziness, fever, and hyperventilation are not autonomic symptoms associated with vomiting.

Question 5

A patient is beginning the second round of high dose cisplatin.Severe, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) occurred following the first treatment, requiring 72 hours of continuous IV hydration.In addition to her chemotherapy regimen, which medication would be best to administer?

A)Prochlorperazine (Compazine) suppository daily, on the day of treatment and the next 3 days
B)Anticholinergic agents, such as diphenhydramine or meclizine
C)Parenteral ondansetron 1 hour before chemotherapy, with oral ondansetron to continue for the next 4 days
D)Parenteral ondansetron during chemotherapy, with prochlorperazine suppositories daily for 1 week

Accepted Answer

With the patient's first treatment history and the emetogenic chemotherapy agent, cisplatin, ondansetron has shown to be the most effective for prevention of severe nausea and vomiting.Prochlorperazine and anticholinergic agents are not used for the treatment of CINV.The ondansetron should be administered 1 hour before the chemotherapy and continued for the next several days to prevent vomiting and dehydration associated with chemotherapy administration.

Question 6

What is the purpose for the nurse administering metoclopramide (Reglan) IV postoperatively?&#10;A)Prolong the effects of anesthesia.&#10;B)Decrease the potential for thrombus formation.&#10;C)Prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting.&#10;D)Decrease postoperative pain.

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is an antiemetic and antagonist of dopamine and serotonin receptors.In addition to acting on receptor sites in the brain, metoclopramide increases sphincter tone in the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces nausea and vomiting.Metoclopramide does not affect anesthesia or the vascular system, and does not have analgesic effects.

Question 7

Which herb has been used in many cultures to provide relief of nausea associated with pregnancy?&#10;A)Mint&#10;B)Hyssop&#10;C)Echinacea&#10;D)Ginger

Accepted Answer

Ginger is an herb used in many cultures to treat pregnancy induced nausea and vomiting.Mint is often used to treat mild dyspepsia.Hyssop is used as an expectorant and anticatarrhal.Echinacea is used to boost the immune system.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a 27-year-old patient taking a cannabinoid during chemotherapy.Which consideration will the nurse take into account?&#10;A)Antihistamines may potentiate the effects.&#10;B)Monitor the patient for fluid volume excess.&#10;C)Previous use of marijuana requires increased dosage.&#10;D)Inform the patient to avoid the intake of potassium.

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines, alcohol, analgesics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and sedative hypnotics increase toxic effects.Fluid volume excess is not an adverse effect of cannabinoids.Previous use does not necessarily require increased dosage.There are no dietary restrictions with the use of cannabinoids.

Question 9

What condition is occurring when a patient experiences nausea immediately on entering the clinic to receive another course of chemotherapy?&#10;A)Psychogenic&#10;B)Chemotherapy induced&#10;C)Hyperemesis gravidarum&#10;D)Anticipatory nausea and vomiting

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting is a conditioned response triggered by the sight or smell of the clinic or hospital or by the knowledge that treatment is imminent.Delayed reaction from a previous treatment would have occurred in a shorter interval after the other treatment.Delayed emesis occurs 24 to 120 hours after the administration of chemotherapy.Although smells can trigger nausea, this is not likely the cause of this patient's sickness.Hyperemesis gravidarum is excessive vomiting and nausea associated with pregnancy.

Question 10

What is the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in vomiting? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Initiates or induce vomiting&#10;B)Coordinates the vomiting reflex&#10;C)Activates the vomit center (VC) to induce vomiting&#10;D)Samples blood and spinal fluid for potentially toxic substances

Accepted Answer

The CTZ stimulates the VC to induce vomiting as well as samples blood and spinal fluid for potentially toxic substances.The CTZ does not initiate vomiting or coordinate the vomiting reflex.

Question 11

A patient expresses concerns about motion sickness.Which medication is most effective in preventing motion sickness?&#10;A)Serotonin antagonists&#10;B)Phenothiazines&#10;C)Corticosteroids&#10;D)Anticholinergics

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient expresses concerns about motion sickness.Which...

Question 12

A prepared childbirth nurse educator is discussing potential discomforts during pregnancy with a group of women.When relaying information about nausea and vomiting, the nurse will include which statement(s)? (Select all that apply.)

A)The majority of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting.
B)Severe, persistent vomiting during pregnancy is known as anticipatory vomiting.
C)Vomiting during pregnancy is more common among primigravidas.
D)Prior fetal loss puts a woman at higher risk.
E)Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can occur at any time of the day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A prepared childbirth nurse educator is discussing...

Question 13

Why does the nurse monitor daily weights prior to the administration of antiemetic medications to chemotherapy patients?&#10;A)Antiemetics are calculated according to body surface area.&#10;B)Antiemetics are toxic, and the minimal dosage should be administered.&#10;C)Weight loss is a common adverse effect associated with chemotherapy, and dosages may need to be readjusted.&#10;D)Fluid overload is common, and antiemetic dosages are increased as treatment progresses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does the nurse monitor daily weights...

Question 14

Why is drug therapy important for selected causes of nausea and vomiting? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Relieves the distress associated with nausea and vomiting&#10;B)Prevents aspiration of gastric contents into the lung&#10;C)Prevents dehydration&#10;D)Prevents electrolyte imbalances&#10;E)Increases intracranial pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is drug therapy important for selected...

Question 15

The nurse is administering medications to various patients during morning medication pass.The patient at the lowest risk of having an adverse reaction is the patient receiving:&#10;A)ondansetron.&#10;B)scopolamine.&#10;C)promethazine.&#10;D)dexamethasone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is administering medications to various...

Question 16

The recovery room nurse is preparing to assist with the care of several postoperative patients.Which patient would the nurse prioritize care for regarding the potential for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?

A)A 5-year-old child undergoing a closed reduction procedure with regional anesthesia
B)A 50-year-old woman undergoing a total hysterectomy with general anesthesia
C)A 27-year-old man undergoing a middle ear manipulation with general anesthesia
D)An 80-year-old man undergoing a total hip replacement with spinal anesthesia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The recovery room nurse is preparing to...

Deck 34: Drugs Used to Treat Nausea and Vomiting