Deck 15: Egoism,pleasure,and Indifference

Question 1

Stoics and ______ would agree that one cannot become just or courageous if one behaves in an unjust or cowardly manner.

A)act consequentialists
B)hedonists
C)ethical moralists
D)utilitarians

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hedonism is the philosophy that believes that ______.

A)character is the key to a happy life.
B)pleasure is the sole good.
C)people should be detached from the world.
D)serving others is the ultimate goal.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ______ reacted to the collapse of the closed social system of the city-states by offering advice to individuals in what for them was a crumbling world.

A)Stoics
B)Romans
C)English
D)French

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Epictetus advocated a philosophy of ______,believing that this practice would constitute progress for the individual.

A)morality
B)ethics
C)hedonism
D)indifference

Question 5

The foremost exponent of hedonism was ______.

A)Epicurus
B)Epictetus
C)Aristotle
D)Socrates

Question 6

Stoicism is ______.

A)a philosophy that advocates acceptance of life and events
B)character
C)is pessimistic in tone
D)both a philosophy that advocates acceptance of life and events and is pessimistic in tone

Question 7

Stoicism preaches that people should be ______.

A)always pursuing pleasure.
B)seeking to live a virtuous life
C)indifferent to external events in life
D)actively attempting to convert others to the faith

Question 8

A stoic is one who is indifferent to ______.

A)virtues
B)others
C)external events
D)everything which is his or her own doing

Question 9

One of the main effects of ______ is that it places the onus for becoming good or bad directly on the individual.

A)virtue
B)tradition
C)character
D)stoicism

Question 10

Stoicism dominated Roman thinking about moral philosophy until ______ replaced it.

A)nichomachean ethics
B)epicurian ethics
C)christianity
D)politics

Question 11

Both stoicism and hedonism provide a means for dealing with events that are ______.

A)foreseeable
B)unforeseen
C)within our control
D)beyond our control

Question 12

What is a philosophy that has been refined and developed over time from its initiation by Zeno (3rd century BCE)?

A)Kantism
B)Stoicism
C)Virtue ethics
D)Hedonism

Question 13

The hedonist believes that pleasure ______.

A)is one of many goods
B)is the sole good
C)is not the highest good
D)can never be attained

Question 14

Stoics assumed that good or evil depends on the ______.

A)virtues given at birth
B)self
C)interpretation of free will
D)presentation of the divine plan

Question 15

Traditionally,hedonism has been expressed as the view that ______.

A)pain alone is intrinsically good
B)pleasure alone is intrinsically bad
C)pleasure alone is intrinsically good
D)pain alone is intrinsically bad

Question 16

Stoicism includes a belief in ______.

A)predestination
B)reincarnation
C)incantation
D)rejuvenation

Question 17

The ______,with their tradition of public service,admired commitment to serving the public part of the Stoic philosophy.

A)English
B)Romans
C)French
D)Chinese

Question 18

Which of the following phrases best describes the mindset of a stoic?

A)Life is predictable.
B)Everything turns out to be bad.
C)Everything happens by chance.
D)Nothing happens by chance.

Question 19

To stoics,______ should not be considered a bad thing because it has been predestined by God and therefore must be considered good.

A)death
B)hedonism
C)life
D)all of these

Question 20

Stoics believe all that happens in the world is fixed according to some ______ divine plan.

A)unworldly
B)preconceived
C)justified
D)reincarnated

Question 21

The psychological hedonist pursues ______.

A)only pleasure and avoids pain in his life
B)moderate pleasure in his life
C)only his psychological well being
D)both pleasures and pains in his life

Question 22

What type of hedonism sees the pursuit of pleasure as normative?

A)ethical
B)pleasurable
C)moral
D)psychological

Question 23

What involves putting one's own well-being above that of others?

A)Pleasure
B)Altruism
C)Pain
D)Egoism

Question 24

Epicurus,an early hedonist concluded that the aim of human existence should be ______.

A)unlimited pleasure seeking and indulgence
B)withdrawal from the world
C)making the world a better place
D)a healthy body and a tranquil mind

Question 25

Epicurus and other hedonists believed ______.

A)that excessive and harmful indulgences were to be sought.
B)public service was important.
C)excessive pursuit of pleasure can be self-defeating and bring pain.
D)advocated unlimited sensuality,orgies,etc.

Question 26

Critics point out that psychological egoism cannot be proved because ______.

A)it is not possible to interpret motives in an egotistical manner
B)it is possible to interpret all motives in an egotistical manner
C)it is not possible to interpret motives in a hedonistic manner
D)it is not possible to interpret motives at all

Question 27

Epicurus's main aim was to establish a philosophy concerned with the attainment of ______.

A)happiness
B)pleasure
C)pain
D)morality

Question 28

Which philosopher was a believer in psychological egoism,and tried to give a more general account of it by listing motives and showing how each could be read as
Egotistical acts or intentions?

A)John Locke
B)Thomas Hobbes
C)John Rawls
D)Immanuel Kant

Question 29

When an egoist thinks of others ______.

A)he is motivated to do the right thing
B)he is concerned with how others view him
C)it is merely as a means to his or her own ends
D)it is for the greater good of all

Question 30

In both of its forms,______ can be criticized for attempting to provide a single explanation for every human act.

A)honesty
B)hedonism
C)pessimism
D)morality

Question 31

Hinman (1998)argues that ______ does not amount to a moral theory at all.

A)hedonism
B)self-interest
C)egoism
D)altruism

Question 32

Psychological egoism is a theory,which holds that ______.

A)all human behavior is motivated by self-interest.
B)truly altruistic behavior is natural and commonplace.
C)the unlimited pursuit of pleasure is good for both individuals and society.
D)virtue is learned from parents.

Question 33

The psychological egoist believes that our actions are ______.

A)always motivated by our own interests
B)usually motivated by our own interests
C)seldom motivated by our own interests
D)never motivated by our own interests

Question 34

Epicurus felt that religion ______

A)was the ultimate source of all morals.
B)could be a helpful guide in living a moral life.
C)was a hindrance to happiness.
D)served the interests of the ruling classes.

Question 35

Hobbes believed that when people demonstrated charity,they were really emphasizing ______.

A)altruistic intentions
B)their own cynicism
C)egotistical altruism
D)their own superiority

Question 36

Proponents of ______ suspect that altruistic explanations of behavior are superficial and without substance.

A)psychological hedonism
B)ethical hedonism
C)psychological egoism
D)ethical egoism

Question 37

Epicurius stated that the "aim" of human existence was ______.

A)avoid the corruption of pleasure
B)to fear death
C)flourishment of life
D)health of the body and tranquility of the mind

Question 38

In Epicurus's view,the proper way to live is to live ______ and at the same time not suffer any of the undesirable effects of that living.

A)pleasantly
B)morally
C)ethically
D)justly

Question 39

What is attained by philosophical understanding and practical wisdom?

A)pleasure
B)character
C)tranquility
D)morality

Question 40

When looking at ______,Hobbes concluded that the reason we feel it for others' misfortunes is that we are reminded that the same thing might happen to us.

A)charity
B)altruism
C)pity
D)compassion

Question 41

Both stoics and hedonists would agree that one cannot become just or courageous if
one behaves in an unjust or cowardly manner.

Question 42

Whereas psychological egoism is a theory about how people actual behave,ethical egoism is a theory about how ______.

A)others ought to behave
B)others think we ought to behave
C)we think others ought to behave
D)we ought to behave

Question 43

The two main theories of Egoism are psychological and sociological.

Question 44

What claims that promoting one's own greatest good is always to act in accordance with reason and morality?

A)psychological hedonism
B)ethical hedonism
C)psychological egoism
D)ethical egoism

Question 45

The famous political philosopher Thomas Hobbs argued against psychological
egoism.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of ethical egoism?

A)It is an outdated theory applicable only to ancient societies.
B)It suggests true altruism is not possible.
C)It does not assist in resolving conflicts.
D)It suggests egoists cannot have friendships.

Question 47

Ethical egoism is consistent with Kant's theory of duty.

Question 48

Proponents of ethical egoism suspect that altruistic explanations of behavior are
superficial and without substance.

Question 49

Stoicism shares the concern of ______ with individual character because it argues that developing the appropriate stoic frame of mind will lead us to virtue.

A)virtue ethics
B)act consequentialism
C)hypothetical consequentialism
D)ethical egoists

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT part of the consideration undertaken by egoists when facing an ethical dilemma?

A)What act would most benefit me?
B)The most ethical action is that which is best for the most.
C)Will others benefit from the action that most benefits me?
D)How will my self-interest be best promoted?

Question 51

Stoicism,egoism and hedonism today ______.

A)are widely followed by moral philosophers.
B)are inconsistent with the values of modern consumer society.
C)have little support among moral philosophers.
D)are consistent with the philosophy of Kant.

Question 52

Stoicism was a product of changes in ancient Greece.

Question 53

Ayn Rand argued that ______ is a destructive idea,devaluing the individual.

A)hedonism
B)self-interest
C)egoism
D)altruism

Question 54

Stoics believe in predestination.

Question 55

If a particular act would benefit our own self-interest as well as the interests of
others,that act will not be considered contrary to the goals of ethical egoism.

Question 56

One of the main effects of stoicism is that it places the onus for becoming good or
bad directly on the individual.

Question 57

______ would respond to issues such as world hunger by claiming that starving people should be helped only when it is their own self-interest to do so.

A)Virtue ethics
B)Act consequentialism
C)Hypothetical consequentialism
D)Ethical egoists

Question 58

If a particular act would benefit our own ______ as well as those of others,that act will not be considered contrary to the goals of ethical egoism.

A)hedonism
B)self-interest
C)egoism
D)altruism

Question 59

For ethical hedonists,the question of how one ought to live is answered by the idea
that the good life consists of a life of pleasure and that a person ought to act in such a
way as to acquire pleasure.

Question 60

The first step in an ethical egoism evaluation of an ethical dilemma is the question ______?

A)will others benefit from what will benefit me most
B)which option has the lowest risk of causing pain
C)what would a virtuous person do
D)what act/option would most benefit me

Question 61

According to Stoics,our ______ are not to be taken into account,and we ought to
be indifferent to them.

Question 62

Ayn Rand was a supporter of the theory of ______.

Question 63

The two forms of hedonism theory are ______.

Question 64

An early advocate of Hedonism was the Greek philosopher ______.

Question 65

Define predestination.

Question 66

What are the two forms of egoism?

Question 67

Of the three theories discussed in the chapter,only ______ has any significant
following in the field of moral philosophy.

Question 68

An early advocate of Stoicism was the Greek philosopher ______.

Question 69

The first step in analysis from the perspective of Ethical Egoism is to ask what acts
would most ______.

Question 70

Hedonism advocates the pursuit of ______ as the normative.