Deck 16: Organized Crime

Question 1

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes organized crime from a riotous mob?

A)There is a conspiracy to commit serious illegal acts.
B)There is specialization/division of labour.
C)There is a systematic pattern to the relationship of the offenders.
D)There is insulation against enforcement and prosecution.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the core characteristics of organized crime as specified by the European Communities and EUROPOL?

A)Collaboration of more than two people.
B)For a prolonged or indefinite period of time.
C)Who commit serious offences.
D)Who engage in laundering the revenue from these serious offences.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime,all of which are grouped into four categories.Which category do the characteristics of "continuing enterprise" and "career criminals" fall under?

A)structural/organizational
B)institutional
C)commercial
D)behavioural

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How many members does a chapter of outlaw motorcycle gang chapter usually have?

A)6-10
B)6-25
C)15-30
D)31-40

Question 5

There are two broad patterns to the structure of an organized criminal conspiracy.What is the name applied to the structure that is based on the specialized tasks of or resources available to the individuals involved in the conspiracy?

A)hierarchical
B)symmetrical
C)institutional
D)commercial

Question 6

In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City,Ianni (1974)identified two basic forms of relationships among the individuals involved in these groups.Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by close personal relationships among members?

A)associational
B)entrepreneurial
C)hierarchical
D)division of labour

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a name used by an outlaw motorcycle gang to refer to a specialized unit that carries out enforcement functions,including murder?

A)the Filthy Few
B)the SS Death Squad
C)the Black T-Shirt Squad
D)the Commission

Question 8

Unlawfully obtaining money,property or services from an individual or entity through coercion and intimidation is the definition of which of the following?

A)extortion
B)fraud
C)theft
D)robbery

Question 9

Which of the following is not a mandatory component of organized crime,as specified by the Criminal Code of Canada?

A)Three or more persons inside or outside Canada.
B)That has as a main activity one or more serious offences.
C)The offence or offences results in a material benefit.
D)The group has persisted over time or has formed randomly to commit a single offence

Question 10

Which of the following did the Cali Cartel from Colombia use to insulate upper echelons from enforcement and prosecution?

A)having associates of the cartel carry out much of the illegal activity
B)instituting a code of silence (omertà)
C)moving its leadership to countries other than Colombia and protecting them through corrupt police
D)using a cellular structure wherein offenders in one cell do not know the names or identities of those in other cells

Question 11

Which of the following can be considered a consensual crime?

A)counterfeiting
B)extortion
C)corporate fraud
D)loan sharking

Question 12

What is the term used in the textbook for organized crime that crosses national boundaries?

A)international organized crime
B)multinational organized crime
C)transnational organized crime
D)global entrepreneurial crime

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a predatory criminal activity?

A)gambling
B)extortion
C)theft
D)fraud

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that an organized crime group insulates the upper echelons of an organized crime group from enforcement and prosecution?

A)obeying the code of omertà
B)employing a puppet club
C)having contempt for civil society
D)keeping cell members of the organization unknown to associates in other cells

Question 15

What is the term used for someone who is a prospective member of an outlaw motorcycle gang?

A)hawg
B)puppet
C)one percenter
D)striker

Question 16

What is the term for an Italian-American mafia member who believes that anyone who follows the rules and laws is a sucker and deserves to be victimized?

A)Capo
B)wiseguy
C)Big Circle Boy
D)striker

Question 17

Which of the following criminal activities exemplifies the difference between consensual and predatory criminal activities?

A)drug trafficking and gambling
B)gambling and extortion
C)kidnapping and extortion
D)drug trafficking and counterfeiting

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a name used by members of the mafia to refer to each other?

A)goombah
B)wiseguy
C)made guy
D)good fellow

Question 19

Which of the following can be classified as both a predatory and a consensual crime associated with organized crime?

A)theft
B)the counterfeiting of consumer products
C)extortion
D)government fraud

Question 20

What is the term applied to the technique of legitimizing illegally earned revenue?

A)corruption
B)loan-sharking
C)money-laundering
D)papering

Question 21

Which of the following contradicts what the textbook says is the current state of organized crime in Canada?

A)There is a decreasing diversity of criminal groups.
B)The number of criminal groups is increasing.
C)Modern organized crime is increasingly characterizes as a fluid network of individuals.
D)Ethnicity is no longer the main binding force for organized crime groups.

Question 22

According to the textbook,which of the following are economic theories most applicable to?

A)consensual crimes,but not predatory crimes
B)predatory crimes and consensual crimes
C)neither predatory nor consensual crimes
D)predatory crimes,but not consensual crimes

Question 23

Which of the following crimes is a major activity for Russian/Eastern European organized crime groups in Canada?

A)tobacco smuggling
B)debit card fraud
C)human trafficking
D)gambling

Question 24

Which of the following theories forms the basis for ethnic succession theory?

A)deterrence
B)differential association
C)social control
D)strain

Question 25

According to Chapter 16,which of the following is NOT one of the roles Canada plays in the context of global organized crime?

A)a major producer of high grade marijuana
B)a major supplier of methamphetamines
C)a global centre for illegal weapons production
D)a North American centre for telemarking fraud

Question 26

Which of the following theoretical models describes organized crime as highly structured,with well-defined vertical power relations among members,and a division of labour?

A)the bureaucratic/hierarchical model
B)the syndicate model
C)the kinship model
D)the patron-client model

Question 27

Which of the following organizational structures best represents Al Capone's illegal enterprises?

A)the bureaucratic/hierarchical model.
B)the kinship model
C)the patron-client model
D)the network model

Question 28

Which of the following best explains how public policy creates an underground market?

A)by prohibiting goods or services or over-taxing them
B)by prohibiting goods or services or lowering taxes on them
C)by exporting goods to other countries
D)by maintaining taxes on goods in the face of dwindling supply and demand

Question 29

Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a loose system of power and "business" relationships with the mafiosi serving as a middleman or a broker?

A)the patron-client model
B)the kinship model
C)the bureaucratic/hierarchical model
D)the network model

Question 30

In which region does one find the origins of the 'ndrangheta?

A)Quebec
B)New York.
C)Sicily
D)Calabria

Question 31

Which of the contentions regarding La Cosa Nostra and Alien Conspiracy theory has been supported by scholarly research?

A)The LCN was imported from Sicily or Italy and that it is a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.
B)The LCN was imported from Sicily or Italy but there is no a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.
C)The LCN is a nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control but was not imported from Italy.
D)The origins of the LCN can be found in America but it is not nationwide criminal conspiracy with centralized control.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the position of the Don in the patron-client organizational model?

A)He is above the network of family and business relationships.
B)He rarely comes in contact with anyone who actually commits a crime.
C)He serves as an intermediary,bringing people and resources together.
D)He acts as a chief executive officer of the organization.

Question 33

Which city harbours most of the Canadian cell members of 'ndrangheta?

A)Toronto
B)Vancouver
C)Montreal
D)Winnipeg

Question 34

What name was originally applied to a Chinese organized crime network that was made up of former soldiers from mainland China and now constitutes one of Canada's most dominant criminal conspiracies?

A)the Kung Lok Triad
B)Chinese tongs
C)the Lords of Chinatown
D)the Big Circle Boys

Question 35

What is the most dominant outlaw motorcycle gang in Canada?

A)The Outlaws
B)Satan's Choice
C)Los Bravos
D)Hells Angels

Question 36

Which of the following genres or groups exemplifies ethnic succession theory?

A)outlaw motorcycle gangs
B)Chinese-Canadian crime groups
C)middle-class males who become involved in organized crime
D)drug traffickers

Question 37

During the 1920s the outlawing of liquor in the US helped to modernize organized crime.Which of the following best reflects this cause-effect relationship?

A)ethnic succession theory
B)alien conspiracy theory
C)group conflict theory
D)public policy impetus

Question 38

What was a major impetus behind the growth of organized crime in Russia in recent years?

A)prohibition outlawing the sale of alcohol
B)destruction of the French Connection as the main supplier of heroin to North America
C)the end of the Vietnam War
D)the fall of communism

Question 39

According to the textbook,which of the following is the network model of organized crime most applicable to?

A)drug smuggling and trafficking conspiracies
B)cybercrime conspiracies
C)extortion conspiracies
D)prostitution conspiracies

Question 40

Which type of illegal activity dominates Aboriginal organized crime in the Prairie Provinces?

A)smuggling
B)drug trafficking
C)counterfeiting
D)gambling

Question 41

The code of omertà has long been a central way to insulate the Sicilian mafia from enforcement and prosecution.

Question 42

In addition to illegal activities,members of organized crime groups may also be involved in legal businesses.

Question 43

Governments help create underground markets and organized crime through their policies.

Question 44

Hells Angels chapters are located only in Ontario and Quebec.

Question 45

Membership in an organized crime group is largely symbolic;it generally does not provide any benefits over-and-above what a traditional criminal would enjoy.

Question 46

Cigarettes and liquor only find their way to underground (black)markets when they are prohibited by the state.

Question 47

The motivation behind organized crime groups is often social and political change.

Question 48

The Criminal Code definition of organized crime includes groups that form randomly to commit a single offence.

Question 49

Alien conspiracy theory was first applied to Italian-American organized crime.

Question 50

Outlaw motorcycle gangs are a good example of ethnic succession theory.

Question 51

A key characteristic of organized crime is measures meant to insulate the group and its leadership in particular from enforcement and prosecution.

Question 52

Since the late 1940s,Italian-Canadian organized crime has been influenced most heavily by the Sicilian mafia.

Question 53

According to the textbook,the Criminal Code definition of organized crime is quite helpful in understanding the complexity of organized crime in Canada.

Question 54

Organized crime is considered one of the more irrational forms of crime.

Question 55

Most organized crime groups are not designed to last longer than their current leadership.

Question 56

Money laundering,violence and corruption are all considered tactics used by organized crime to help support their money-making ventures.

Question 57

According to Ianni,the historical trend in the structure of organized crime has been from associational networks to business networks.

Question 58

Vietnamese groups are the most widespread and powerful Asian criminal genres operating in Canada.

Question 59

Most organized crime groups share the same pattern of relationships among its members and hence similar organizational structures

Question 60

Consensual crime involves no victim.

Question 61

Within the context of organized crime,what is the difference between an associational network and an entrepreneurial network? Provide an example of each.

Question 62

The bureaucratic/hierarchical model views organized crime as a fluid and loosely knit network of like-minded criminal entrepreneurs,none of whom has any long-term authority over the others.

Question 63

How does ethnic succession theory explain the disproportionate number of members of ethnic minorities who are involved in organized crime?

Question 64

Identify and describe the key structural and organizational characteristics of organized crime.Use one or more organized crime genres or groups to illustrate your answer.

Question 65

Describe a few of the tactics used by organized crime groups to support their commercial activities.

Question 66

Identify and describe the key behavioural characteristics of organized crime.Use one or more organized crime genres or groups to illustrate your answer.

Question 67

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of applying economic theory to understanding underground markets and organized crime.

Question 68

In what ways is the definition of organized crime of the Commission of European Communities different from,and superior to,the Criminal Code of Canada definition?

Question 69

Explain why the problem of smuggling contraband cigarettes has been centred in the Akwesasne reserve in central Canada.

Question 70

What role does the government play in creating underground markets in marijuana and cigarettes in Canada? What are the main differences between the creation of these two underground markets as far as public policies are concerned?

Question 71

Describe the different patterns of relationships among offenders involved in organized crime.

Question 72

Explain alien conspiracy theory and apply it to an organized crime genre in North America (other than Italian organized crime).

Question 73

Apply ethnic succession theory to better understand the history of organized crime in Canada.

Question 74

Describe the role of the Don or Capo in the patron-client model of the structure of organized crime.

Question 75

How can organized crime be differentiated from unorganized crimes?

Question 76

Explain how public policies and geopolitical factors have made Canada a haven for smuggling.

Question 77

Summarize the trends in organized crime in recent years,with particular emphasis on what is replacing the traditional ethnic-basis for crime groups.

Question 78

Identify and describe the some of the defining commercial characteristics of organized crime.Use one or more organized crime genres or groups to illustrate your answer.

Question 79

Identify and describe the key institutional characteristics of organized crime.Use one or more organized crime genres or groups to illustrate your answer.

Question 80

Illustrate three ways in which the Lupollo family studied by Ianni and Reuss-Ianni acted more like a kinship group than a bureaucracy.