Deck 17: Resources From the Sea

Question 1

Finfish and shellfish provide approximately what percentage of animal protein consumed by humans around the world?

A)0.5%
B)1%
C)10%
D)20%
E)30%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Cods and related fishes are demersal.As a result,they are most likely to be caught commercially using which method?

A)Gill nets.
B)Purse sein.
C)Trawls.
D)Long line.
E)Hand line.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The richest fishing areas of the world are mostly located in waters:

A)Where coral reefs are common.
B)Where equatorial upwelling takes place.
C)In open waters far from coasts.
D)Where coastal upwelling takes place.
E)Around Antarctica and in the Arctic.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One of the following best describes commercial fisheries around the world:

A)Most have been affected by overfishing.
B)About 20% have been affected by overfishing.
C)All have been affected by overfishing.
D)All have been affected by overfishing but none have been exhausted.
E)None have been affected by overfishing in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 5

Traditional fisheries are those that:

A)Catches are routinely recorded.
B)Catch shellfish,not finfish.
C)Do not use boats.
D)Use relatively simple gear and methods.
E)Have catch quotas set by the UNCLOS Treaty.

Question 6

Fishing effort refers to all of the following except:

A)Number of fishing boats.
B)Number of fishermen.
C)Number and size of fishing nets.
D)Amount of time spent at sea.
E)Size of the catch.

Question 7

Continued catches above the maximum sustainable yield:

A)Can be increased to prevent overfishing.
B)Will result in underutilization.
C)Will result in a decrease of fishing effort.
D)Must be decreased in order to decrease population size.
E)Will result in overfishing and the crash of fish populations.

Question 8

An example of a marine non-renewable resource:

A)Shellfish.
B)Finfish.
C)Oil.
D)Seaweeds.
E)Whales.

Question 9

When did the world population reach 6 billion?

A)Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2010
B)Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2020
C)1985
D)1990
E)Late 1990s

Question 10

By definition,pelagic catches are those that are harvested from:

A)The open water.
B)The bottom.
C)Estuaries.
D)Waters where primary production is increased by upwelling.
E)The continental shelf.

Question 11

Most marine food resources are harvested from:

A)Coral reefs.
B)The continental shelf.
C)Open waters off the continental shelf.
D)Estuaries.
E)Mariculture ponds.

Question 12

Which of these areas would have the greatest amount of fish harvested annually?

A)Northwest Pacific.
B)Waters around Antarctica.
C)West Indian Ocean.
D)Southwest Atlantic.
E)Mediterranean.

Question 13

The largest fish catches are those of:

A)Tunas.
B)Herrings,sardines,and other clupeoid fishes.
C)Cod,haddocks,related fishes.
D)Salmon.
E)Sharks,rays,and skates.

Question 14

Fisheries management involves all of the following except:

A)Determining the optimal catch of a fish population.
B)Determining the commercial value of each catch.
C)Limiting the size and sex of the fish caught.
D)Restricting the number of fishing boats.
E)Determining the fishing gear that can be used.

Question 15

Clupeoid fishes are least likely to be consumed in what way?

A)In pet food.
B)Fish flour.
C)Fish meal
D)In products such as margarine.
E)Direct consumption.

Question 16

One nation where annual catches have not significantly decreased since the late 1980s due to the increased efforts of its fishing fleet is:

A)Japan.
B)Russia.
C)United States.
D)China.
E)Canada.

Question 17

The maximum sustainable yield is best defined as the:

A)Highest catch that can be taken without overfishing.
B)Maximum fishing effort allowed after overfishing is reached.
C)Highest catch that will pay the minimum cost of the fishing effort.
D)Minimum catch that will still allow the population to grow.
E)The annual size of the catch that will balance natural death and predation.

Question 18

Trawls are nets that:

A)Surround and trap fish.
B)Float on the surface.
C)Are allowed to drift along the surface.
D)Placed along the bottom to trap passing fishes.
E)Dragged along the bottom or through the water column.

Question 19

The exclusive economic zone (EEZ)of a nation is defined as being equal to how many nautical miles:

A)10.
B)20.
C)100.
D)200.
E)1,000.

Question 20

By definition,demersal catches are those that are harvested from:

A)The open water.
B)The bottom.
C)Estuaries.
D)Waters where primary production is increased by upwelling.
E)The continental shelf.

Question 21

In the United States,marine catches are managed by:

A)Limiting length of fishing season.
B)Limiting number of boats or fishers permitted.
C)Transplantation of artificially reared young.
D)All answers are correct.
E)Limiting length of fishing season and Limiting number of boats or fishers permitted only.

Question 22

Releasing farmed salmon fry to grow at sea and harvesting them when they return to the river where they were released is called:

A)Open mariculture.
B)Closed mariculture.
C)Salmon ranching.
D)Traditional salmon runs.
E)Intensive mariculture.

Question 23

The farming of salmon includes all the following problems except:

A)Higher levels of contaminants in farmed fish tissue.
B)Pollution released into environment.
C)Making salmon more expensive.
D)Threatens genetic identity of wild salmon.
E)Increased parasites in the fish.

Question 24

The "by-catch" is the name given to:

A)Junk species that are caught while fishing for more valuable species and are thus discarded.
B)Species caught for industrial purposes.
C)Krill and other shellfish.
D)Species raised in fish farms.
E)Species caught as part of traditional fisheries.

Question 25

Potential sources of energy that can be obtained from the sea include all of the following except:

A)Tides.
B)Waves.
C)Currents.
D)Differences in temperature between deep and shallow water.
E)Polymetallic nodules.

Question 26

By the early 2000s,farmed fish accounted for approximately what percentage of the total world consumption?

A)1%
B)2%
C)10%
D)20%
E)100%

Question 27

Which of the following is a renewable resource from the marine environment?

A)Oil
B)Gas
C)Tidal energy
D)Minerals

Question 28

In the North Altlantic,which fish stock appears to be experiencing growth due to conservation efforts?

A)Sharks
B)Tunas
C)Cod
D)Clupeids
E)Swordfish

Question 29

The massive decline of a particular fishery in New England waters caused the unemployment of numerous fishers and related workers in the United States and Canada in the 1980's.To date,this fishery has not recovered.Which fishery is this?

A)Salmon
B)Clupeids
C)Sea bass
D)Cod
E)Sharks

Question 30

Desalination plants:

A)Extract minerals for industrial use from seawater.
B)Convert seawater into fresh water.
C)Extract table salt from seawater.
D)Convert seawater into brackish water for industrial uses.
E)Extract oil from seawater.

Question 31

Other than manganese,polymetallic nodules contain relatively large amounts of:

A)Nickel.
B)Gold.
C)Coal.
D)Oil.
E)Silver.

Question 32

Offshore oil is drilled mostly from:

A)Deep sea.
B)Coral reefs.
C)Abyssal plains.
D)Continental shelf.
E)Mid-oceanic ridge.

Question 33

A fishery is regarded as collapsed when catches fall below what percent of historic high catches?

A)50%
B)40%
C)30%
D)20%
E)10%

Question 34

Seeding in mariculture refers to:

A)Feeding fry with food raised in land farms.
B)Enriching natural populations by releasing fish that have been farmed for a short time.
C)Removing diseased fishes.
D)The culture of shellfish on racks or baskets.
E)The farming of fish in open mariculture.

Question 35

Which of the following seafood choices should eco-minded consumers avoid to help protect fragile fisheries?

A)Pacific flounder
B)Pacific cod
C)Striped bass
D)Grouper
E)Tilapia

Question 36

Successful pharmaceutical uses for marine organisms include all of the following except:

A)Red seaweed extract used as laxative.
B)Sponge extract used as anti-inflammatory.
C)Squaline from sharks used to treat cancer.
D)Bryostating from bryozoans used to treat cancer.
E)Horseshoe crab blood used to test vaccines from contamination.

Question 37

The type of mariculture that takes place under more or less natural conditions with little manipulation by humans is known as:

A)Traditional mariculture.
B)Aquaculture.
C)Closed intensive mariculture.
D)Open mariculture.
E)Industrial mariculture.