Deck 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Question 1

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Breast cancer manifests in familial patterns.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Environmental modification can reduce risk for developing diseases that have a genetic and environmental component.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for _____ % of all cases.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 5

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:

A) breast,colon,and prostate.
B) lung,ovarian,and breast.
C) colon,brain,and lung.
D) prostate,breast,and brain.

Question 6

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Question 7

The _____ of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population.

A) attributable risk
B) contingency risk
C) causal risk
D) relative risk

Question 8

Relative risks indicates the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Question 9

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia,their risk of developing the disease is about 25%,which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

Question 10

The data reporting "Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks" is an example of which concept?

A) Incidence
B) Prevalence
C) Ratio
D) Risk

Question 11

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?

A) A diet high in saturated fats
B) An increased production of cholesterol by the liver
C) A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
D) An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
E) A reduction in the co-enzyme HMG-CoA by the liver

Question 12

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

Question 13

The body weight of adopted children correlates significantly with the body weights of their adopted parents.

Question 14

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

Question 15

The recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member has a multifactorial disease.

Question 16

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

A) autoantibodies and HLA associations.
B) autoantibodies and obesity.
C) obesity and positive family history.
D) HLA associations and positive family history.

Question 17

Alzheimer disease is thought to have a genetic predisposition.

Question 18

Which diseases are more strongly determined by environmental and lifestyle changes rather than genetics?

A) Autism and spina bifida
B) Diabetes mellitus and heart disease
C) Measles and influenza
D) Epilepsy and cystic fibrosis

Question 19

If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer,her risk of developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.

A) two
B) three
C) six
D) ten

Question 20

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle?

A) Sodium intake
B) Physical inactivity
C) Psychosocial stress
D) Obesity

Question 21

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Yields an increased risk for some diseases

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 22

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Number of persons living with the disease

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 23

Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by a nonalcoholic parents have _____ of developing the alcoholism.

A) no increased risk
B) a twofold increased risk
C) a fourfold increased risk
D) a tenfold increased risk

Question 24

What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?

A) It stimulates beta₁-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate.
B) It stimulates the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)that increases water reabsorption.
C) It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention.
D) It inactivates serum bradykinin causing vasodilation.

Question 25

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

A) chromosomal testing.
B) direct observation.
C) liability thresholds.
D) relative risks.

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Risks based on direct observation of data

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 27

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Number of new cases (persons)detected with the disease

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 29

The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

A) Ovarian
B) Lung
C) Uterine
D) Pancreatic

Question 30

Studies have identified several genes that play what role in obesity?

A) Regulating appetite
B) Metabolizing fat
C) Absorbing fat
D) Altering satiety

Question 31

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 32

How does obesity act as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A) By reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces
B) By increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
C) By obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas
D) By stimulating the liver to increase glucose production

Question 33

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

A) LCAT genes
B) CHK1 and CHK2 genes
C) BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
D) TP53 and TP54 genes

Question 34

Which is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) There is partial insulin secretion.
B) There is autoimmunity.
C) There is insulin resistance.
D) Obesity is a common risk factor.

Question 35

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk