Deck 18: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

In schizophrenia,the lateral and third ventricles of the brain are smaller than normal.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter receptors are blocked by antipsychotic drugs?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

Prenatal and perinatal factors that result in the onset of schizophrenia include:

A) viral infection.
B) maternal depression.
C) maternal smoking.
D) exposure to toxic waste.

Answer 3

viral infection.

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

A) Dopamine
B) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin

Question 5

What percentage of individuals experiencing depression will also experience a manic episode?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 6

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with:

A) schizophreniA.
B) major depression.
C) mania.
D) panic disorder.

Question 7

Exposure to a terrifying event may result in an onset of generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 8

What is the common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression?

A) They increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.
B) They increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse.
C) They decrease neurotransmitter levels in the post-synapse.
D) They decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse.

Question 9

Individuals with panic disorder are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Question 10

Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Blunted affect
B) Delusions
C) Poverty of speech
D) Lack of social interaction

Question 11

Schizophrenia is believed to develop as a result of neurodevelopmental defects occurring during fetal life.

Question 12

Mania is the most common mood disorder.

Question 13

Alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations,delusions,and thought disorders associated with schizophrenia?

A) Parietal lobe
B) Limbic system
C) Temporal lobe
D) Hypothalamus

Question 14

Approximately 50% of individuals with major depression will experience a manic episode.

Question 15

The dopamine hypothesis suggests a depletion of dopaminergic transmission contributes to the onset of schizophrenia.

Question 16

Loci on chromosomes 18 and 22 have been linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 17

What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?

A) Individuals with depression show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone.
B) Individuals with depression have a decreased plasma cortisol level despite administration of exogenous corticosteroids.
C) Individuals with depression continue to exhibit elevated plasma cortisol levels throughout the evening and early morning.
D) Individuals with depression have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed.

Question 18

People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)who have been exposed to trauma-related stimuli generally exhibit increased activation of the amygdala and diminished activity in some prefrontal cortical areas.

Question 19

What data confers the link between bipolar disorders and schizophrenia?

A) Bipolar individuals who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in Reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 22.
B) Schizophrenic individuals who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in serotonin linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 16.
C) Bipolar individuals who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 20.
D) Schizophrenic individuals who exhibit psychotic behaviors have deficits in Reelin expression linked to genetic loci located on chromosome 18.

Question 20

People with schizophrenia commonly experience incoherent speech,delusions,and hallucinations during a psychotic episode.

Question 21

Persistent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include:

A) depression.
B) hypertension.
C) difficulty sleeping.
D) poor nutrition.

Question 22

What are the most common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

A) Orthostatic hypotension and weight gain
B) Dry mouth and sexual dysfunction
C) Sleep disturbances and nausea
D) Hypertensive crisis and agitation

Question 23

Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat depression:

A) in pregnant women.
B) to enhance the effect of antidepressants.
C) as a first-line treatment before medications.
D) that is unipolar.

Question 24

General anxiety disorder is diagnosed when a person spends _____ months worrying excessively.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 25

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Fluent speech that is difficult to comprehend

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 26

A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotransmitter is found in depressed individuals?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 27

Individuals who eat cheese,sour cream,liver,and avocado when taking MAOIs may experience:

A) kidney damage.
B) hypertensive crisis.
C) orthostatic hypotension.
D) weight gain.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Inability to have emotional experiences

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 29

Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 30

What is thought to be the alteration produced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)when treating individuals with depression?

A) It produces an alteration in the monoamine systems.
B) It produces an alteration in serotonin.
C) It produces an alteration in norepinephrine.
D) It produces an alteration in the limbic system.

Question 31

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Characterized by a deficit in spontaneous or goal-directed activities

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Perceptions are experienced without external stimulation of the sense organs

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 33

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Persistent beliefs are contrary to educational and cultural background

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 34

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Absence of spontaneous speech

A)Delusions
B)Formal thought disorder
C)Anhedonia
D)Hallucinations
E)Alogia
F)Avolition

Question 35

Which electrolyte imbalance contributes to lithium toxicity?

A) Hypernatremia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypokalemia

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in generalized anxiety disorders (GAD)?

A) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 37

Twenty to thirty percent of individuals with depression have dysregulated:

A) sleep cycles.
B) pituitary function.
C) eating patterns.
D) thyroid function.

Question 38

Hallucinations,delusions,thought disorder,and bizarre behavior occurs with alterations in the:

A) temporal lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 39

Which hormone facilitates the effects of antidepressants drugs in about 25% of patients who do not respond to usual antidepressant medications?

A) 1-triiodothyronine (T₃)
B) Thyroxine (T₄)
C) Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
D) Cortisol

Question 40

What is a notable complication in panic disorder?

A) Avolition
B) Anhedonia
C) Alogia
D) Agoraphobia

Question 41

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Intensive autonomic arousal including lightheadedness,dyspnea,generalized sweating,and racing heart

A)Schizophrenia
B)Mania
C)Depression
D)Panic disorder
E)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 42

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Unremitting feeling of sadness and despair

A)Schizophrenia
B)Mania
C)Depression
D)Panic disorder
E)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 43

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Involves psychotic episodes

A)Schizophrenia
B)Mania
C)Depression
D)Panic disorder
E)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 44

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Characterized by elevated levels of euphoria

A)Schizophrenia
B)Mania
C)Depression
D)Panic disorder
E)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 45

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Repetitive,intrusive thoughts

A)Schizophrenia
B)Mania
C)Depression
D)Panic disorder
E)Obsessive-compulsive disorder