Deck 12: Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Question 1

FISH technology:

A) uses recombinant DNA technology.
B) detects hematopathologic chromosomal abnormalities.
C) detects oncogenic chromosomal abnormalities.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

all of the above.

Question 2

Match the assays and definitions.

Direct immunofluorescent assay

A)Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins.
B)Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level.
C)An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Answer 2

Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level.

Question 3

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.

Sandwich immunoassay

A)A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites.
B)The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.
C)A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites.
D)The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Answer 3

The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Question 4

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description.
Capture EIA

A)The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody.
B)Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface.
C)A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 5

In a changing clinical environment,the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA)has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA).A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is:

A) lower cost.
B) that it is slower in producing results.
C) that it is more technically challenging and requires more training and experience.
D) that it is problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 antinuclear antibody (ANA)titer.

Question 6

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques are used as substitutes for:

A) radioisotopes.
B) enzyme labels.
C) antibody substitutes.
D) both a and b

Question 7

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is:

A) the direct immunofluorescent assay.
B) the inhibition immunofluorescent assay.
C) the indirect immunofluorescent assay.
D) none of the above.

Question 8

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA)is:

A) a longer shelf life.
B) no need for automation.
C) no radioactive hazardous waste.
D) decreased risk of transmission of infectious diseases.

Question 9

A fluorescent substance or dye absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of another wavelength.

Question 10

Chemiluminescent enzyme labels often used in indirect procedures are:

A) alkaline phosphatase.
B) horseradish peroxidase.
C) beta-galactosidase.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA)is widely used for the detection of:

A) autoantibodies.
B) antibody to tissue antigen.
C) antibody to cellular antigen.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

When using a fluorescent substance or dye,the color of the emitted light depends on the nature of the substance.

Question 13

Magnetic labeling application uses:

A) automated DNA sequences.
B) DNA probe technology.
C) gel electrophoresis.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

Chemiluminescence refers to:

A) light emitted.
B) heat emitted.
C) a chemical reaction.
D) both a and c

Question 15

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description.
Competitive EIA

A)The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody.
B)Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface.
C)A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 16

Chemiluminescence:

A) has excellent sensitivity and dynamic range.
B) does not require sample radiation.
C) uses unstable chemiluminescent reagents and conjugates.
D) both a and b

Question 17

In fluorescent antibody microscopy using a fluorescent substance or dye,the incident light is infrared.

Question 18

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description.
Noncompetitive EIA

A)The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody.
B)Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface.
C)A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 19

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.

Competitive chemiluminescence

A)A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites.
B)The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.
C)A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites.
D)The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Question 20

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA),an enzyme must exhibit:

A) a high degree of stability.
B) extreme specificity.
C) absence from the antigen or antibody being tested.
D) all of the above.

Question 21

Match the assays and definitions.

Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

A)Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins.
B)Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level.
C)An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 22

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

Signal amplification technology

A)Semiconductor nanocrystals
B)Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles
C)Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles
D)Molecular cytogenetic technique
E)May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 23

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

A)Semiconductor nanocrystals
B)Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles
C)Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles
D)Molecular cytogenetic technique
E)May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 24

Match the assays and definitions.

Indirect immunofluorescent assay

A)Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins.
B)Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level.
C)An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 25

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

Quantum dots (Q dots)

A)Semiconductor nanocrystals
B)Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles
C)Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles
D)Molecular cytogenetic technique
E)May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 26

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

SQUID technology

A)Semiconductor nanocrystals
B)Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles
C)Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles
D)Molecular cytogenetic technique
E)May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 27

Complete the table by inserting the correct antibody with the type of assay
Examples of Immunoassay Types

A)Ruthenium label
B)Horseradish peroxidase
C)Europium or fluorescein

Question 28

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

Luminescent oxygen-channeling immunoassay (LOCI)

A)Semiconductor nanocrystals
B)Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles
C)Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles
D)Molecular cytogenetic technique
E)May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications