Deck 25: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 1

After the early period of primary HIV infection (viremia),the patient enters a period of clinical latency that lasts a median of _______ years.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Answer 1

10

Question 2

Which procedure is considered to be a screening procedure for the detection of HIV?

A) EIA
B) Western blot
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D) Southern blot

Answer 2

EIA

Question 3

Typically,patients in the early stages of HIV infection:

A) are completely asymptomatic.
B) show mild,chronic lymphadenopathy.
C) are jaundiced.
D) either a or b

Answer 3

either a or b

Question 4

In addition to lymphocytes,___________ and skin cells can be infected by HIV.

A)macrophages
B)monocytes
C)cells in the lymph nodes
D)all of the above

Question 5

The HIV infectious process begins when the protein on the viral envelope binds to the protein receptor _______ on the surface of a target cell.

A)CD8
B)CD4
C)p24
D)p26

Question 6

Which of the following statements is (are)true about retroviruses?

A) They contain a single,positive-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA).
B) They contain a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase in their core.
C) They reverse the normal process of transcription in which DNA is converted to RNA.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

Which is the first detectable viral antibody in the blood of a patient with HIV infection?*

A) p24
B) gp41
C) gp120
D) gp160

Question 8

The structures gp41 and gp120 are viral:

A) lipids.
B) proteins.
C) glycoproteins.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 9

Immunologic activation of CD4+ cells latently infected with HIV induces the production of multiple viral particles,leading to cell death and the depletion of:

A) CD4+ lymphocytes.
B) CD8+ lymphocytes.
C) B lymphocytes.
D) granulocytes.

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV.

Pattern 1: North and South America,Western Europe,Scandinavia,Australia,New Zealand.

A)Primarily a disease of heterosexuals
B)Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS
C)Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers

Question 11

In HIV infections,a window period of seronegativity extends from the time of initial infection up to:

A) 2 weeks.
B) 2 to 6 weeks or longer.
C) 6 to 12 weeks or longer.
D) 4 to 8 months or longer.

Question 12

If an HIV-infected patient has an initial negative antibody assay for HIV but demonstrates a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)result 10 days later,what is the most likely cause?

A) A false-negative result was caused by a technical error.
B) The antibody titer was too low to be detected by the original antibody assay.
C) The patient was in the window phase of the infection.
D) Both b and c

Question 13

In some countries (e.g. ,sub-Saharan Africa,Thailand,India)(1)_________ of HIV-1 infections are acquired through heterosexual transmission in contrast to (2)_______ in the United States and Western Europe.

A)less than 10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)more than 90%

Question 14

The major structural protein (core)of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)type 1 (HIV-1)is composed of:

A) gp41.
B) p24.
C) gp120.
D) both a and c

Question 15

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)attaches itself to receptor sites by means of:

A) p24.
B) p31.
C) gp120.
D) gp160.

Question 16

Which gene is responsible for the coding of reverse transcriptase in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A) env
B) gag
C) pol
D) tat

Question 17

Which procedure is a popular confirmatory procedure for HIV infection?

A) Line immunoassay
B) Western blot test
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D) mRNA assay

Question 18

A protein included in the core of the HIV-1 virus is called:

A) gp41.
B) p24.
C) p25.
D) either b or c

Question 19

A positive Western blot test (WB)for HIV infection is indicated by the presence of __________ bands.

A)p24
B)gp60 and gp160
C)p24 and p31
D)p24 and gp41

Question 20

The most frequent malignancy or opportunistic infection observed in AIDS patients is:

A) Pneumocystis jiroveci.
B) Kaposi's sarcoma.
C) toxoplasmosis.
D) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Question 21

Match the phases of drug testing with the appropriate description.
Phase II

A)This phase lasts about 2 years.The number of volunteers is 100 to 300 persons with the disease to assess the effectiveness of a drug and to observe for adverse side reactions.
B)This phase lasts about 1 year and includes 20 to 80 healthy volunteers who are tested for the safety of new drug.
C)This phase lasts about 3 years.The number of patients with a specific disease is 1000 to 3000 to further verify effectiveness and identify any specific negative side effects of the drug.

Question 22

Match the phases of drug testing with the appropriate description.
Phase I

A)This phase lasts about 2 years.The number of volunteers is 100 to 300 persons with the disease to assess the effectiveness of a drug and to observe for adverse side reactions.
B)This phase lasts about 1 year and includes 20 to 80 healthy volunteers who are tested for the safety of new drug.
C)This phase lasts about 3 years.The number of patients with a specific disease is 1000 to 3000 to further verify effectiveness and identify any specific negative side effects of the drug.

Question 23

HIV is held within leukocytes and carried in fluid (e.g. ,blood,semen)to the body of another person.

Question 24

Match the phases of drug testing with the appropriate description.
Phase III

A)This phase lasts about 2 years.The number of volunteers is 100 to 300 persons with the disease to assess the effectiveness of a drug and to observe for adverse side reactions.
B)This phase lasts about 1 year and includes 20 to 80 healthy volunteers who are tested for the safety of new drug.
C)This phase lasts about 3 years.The number of patients with a specific disease is 1000 to 3000 to further verify effectiveness and identify any specific negative side effects of the drug.

Question 25

Human immunodeficiency virus can enter the body with cells associated with HIV.

Question 26

MATCHING
Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV.

Pattern 3: Eastern Europe,North Africa,Middle East,Asia,Pacific (excluding Australia and New Zealand).

A)Primarily a disease of heterosexuals
B)Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS
C)Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers

Question 27

The mode of viral transmission is not associated with the viral subtype.

Question 28

MATCHING
Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV.

Pattern 2: Africa,Caribbean,parts of South America.

A)Primarily a disease of heterosexuals
B)Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS
C)Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers