Question 1

Immune complex reactions can:&#10;A) suppress or augment the immune response.&#10;B) inhibit tumor cell destruction.&#10;C) be deposited in blood vessel walls,glomerular membranes,and other sites.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are caused by the deposition of immune complexes in blood vessel walls and tissues.Repeated antigen exposure leads to sensitization with the production of an insoluble antigen-antibody complex.Immune complexes are produced as part of the normal immune response and are usually cleared by mechanisms involving complement.However,immune complexes cause disease in various situations.Failure to clear immune complexes can result from the saturation of mechanisms involving excessive ongoing production of immune complexes,as well as antigenemia caused by chronic infection.
The formation of immune complexes under normal conditions protects the host because these complexes facilitate the clearance of various antigens and invading microorganisms by the mononuclear phagocyte system.In immune complex reactions (disease),antigen-antibody complexes form in the soluble or fluid phase of tissues or in the blood and assume unique biological functions,such as interaction with complement and with cellular receptors.

Question 2

MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Anaphylactoid reaction&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction&#10;

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactoid reactions are not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction.

Question 3

MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Immediate hypersensitivity&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction&#10;

Accepted Answer

Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by antigen-antibody interactions, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage.

Answer: A
 Cell-mediated hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by T cells instead of antibodies, leading to tissue damage and inflammation.

Answer: C
 Delayed-type hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a subsequent exposure to an antigen, and is dependent on the host's immune response to the antigen.

Answer: D
 Non-immunologic hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity reaction that is not mediated by the immune system or antigen-antibody interactions.

Question 4

Asthma is an example of a _____________ hypersensitivity reaction.&#10;A) type I&#10;B) type II&#10;C) type III&#10;D) type IV

Accepted Answer

Asthma is an example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, which is immediate and IgE-mediated. This type of reaction is characterized by the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, leading to bronchoconstriction and other symptoms.

Question 5

Fill in the blanks in the table.&#10;Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions&#10;  &#10;Options for 1-4:&#10;A)Anaphylactic&#10;B)T cell-dependent&#10;C)Cytotoxic&#10;D)Immune complex&#10;Options for 5 and 6:&#10;A)IgM&#10;B)IgG&#10;C)IgE&#10;D)None&#10;Options for 7:&#10;A)Yes&#10;B)No&#10;Options for 8-11:&#10;A)Anaphylaxis,hay fever,asthma,food allergy&#10;B)Thrombocytopenia,transfusion reactions,hemolytic disease of newborn&#10;C)Allergy or infection,contact dermatitis&#10;D)Arthus reaction,serum sickness&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the blanks in the table.&#10;Classification...

Question 6

Anaphylaxis is characterized by all the following statements except:&#10;A) it can cause death caused by asphyxiation.&#10;B) there is massive release of histamine from mast cells and basophils.&#10;C) there was prior sensitization to an allergen.&#10;D) it is associated with a significant increase in eosinophils in the circulating blood.

Accepted Answer

A generalized (anaphylactic)reaction is produced by mediators such as cytokines and vasoactive amines (e.g. ,histamine)from mast cells.Anaphylactic reactions are dramatic and rapid in onset.The physiologic effects of the primary and secondary mediators on the target organs,such as the cardiovascular or respiratory system,gastrointestinal tract,or the skin,define the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Question 7

Table 26-1&#10;Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions&#10; &#10;Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example of a ____________ hypersensitivity reaction.&#10;A) type I&#10;B) type II&#10;C) type III&#10;D) type IV

Accepted Answer

Examples of antibody-dependent,complement-mediated cytotoxic (type II)reactions include immediate (acute)transfusion reactions and immune hemolytic anemias (e.g. ,hemolytic disease of the newborn).

Question 8

Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for:&#10;A) contact sensitivity.&#10;B) elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens.&#10;C) rejection of foreign graft tissue.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

· Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for the following immunologic events:
· Contact sensitivity
· Delayed hypersensitivity
· Immunity to viral and fungal antigens
· Immunity to intracellular organisms
· Rejection of foreign tissue grafts
· Elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens
· Formation of chronic granulomas
· Under some conditions,the activities of cell-mediated immunity may not be beneficial.

Question 9

The Arthus reaction is associated with the immune phenomenon of:&#10;A) deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels.&#10;B) release of histamine from tissue basophils.&#10;C) destruction of body tissue by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.&#10;D) phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

Farmer's lung and the Arthus reaction are examples of local immune complex diseases.Immune complexes can exhibit a spectrum of biological activities,including suppression or augmentation of the immune response by interacting with B and T cells,inhibition of tumor cell destruction,and deposition in blood vessel walls,glomerular membranes,and other sites.These deposits interrupt normal physiologic processes because of tissue damage secondary to the activation of complement and resulting activities such as mediating immune adherence and attracting leukocytes and macrophages to the sites of immune complex deposition.The release of enzymes and possibly other agents damages the tissues.

Question 10

MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Immunization,or sensitization&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Immunization,or...

Question 11

Histamine can:&#10;A) lead to constriction of bronchial smooth muscle.&#10;B) exert an anticoagulant effect.&#10;C) cause decreased capillary permeability.&#10;D) enhance opsonization in phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Histamine can:&#10;A) lead to constriction of bronchial...

Question 12

Type I hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by:&#10;A) activation of complement.&#10;B) antigen cross-links with IgE on mast cells.&#10;C) being potentially fatal.&#10;D) both b and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type I hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by:&#10;A)...

Question 13

The components involved in a positive skin test for tuberculosis (TB)are:&#10;A) T lymphocytes and macrophages.&#10;B) segmented neutrophils and monocytes.&#10;C) B lymphocytes and macrophages.&#10;D) IgE antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The components involved in a positive skin...

Question 14

Fill in the blanks in the table with the appropriate primary actions.&#10; &#10;A)Increases vascular permeability.&#10;B)Contracts smooth muscle.&#10;C)Alters bronchial smooth muscle and enhances the effects of histamine on target organs.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the blanks in the table...

Question 15

MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Delayed hypersensitivity&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;&#10;Delayed...

Deck 26: Hypersensitivity Reactions