Deck 2: Molecular Interactions

Question 1

The largest carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides because they are composed of ________ molecules bonded together with one another.

A) amino acid
B) nucleotide
C) purine
D) pyrimidine
E) sugar

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is a way to recognize a carbohydrate by looking at its name only?

A) It always ends in -ase.
B) It ends in -ose
C) It begins with nucleo-.
D) It begins with proteo-.
E) It begins with lipo-.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of these statements about carbohydrates are true except one.Identify the exception.

A) Simple sugars include lactose, glucose, and ribose.
B) Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate on earth.
C) Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide made by animal cells.
D) Polysaccharides are important both for energy storage and to provide structure to cells.
E) Glycogen is important both for energy storage and to provide structure for cells.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Stanley Miller set out to demonstrate an explanation for the origins of organic molecules using a combination of simple organic molecules,heat and periodic burst of electricity through the mixture,ultimately producing what kind of molecules?

A) carbohydrates
B) amino acids
C) lipids
D) glycoproteins
E) nucleic acids

Question 5

The weak interactions between atoms that keep atoms near each other but don't tightly bind them together are called

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) van der Waals forces.
C) ionic bonds.
D) hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.
E) van der Waals forces and ionic bonds.

Question 6

A positively charged ion is called a(n)

A) electron.
B) proton.
C) neutron.
D) cation.
E) anion.

Question 7

The organic molecules known as phospholipids are key components of cell membranes and composed of what monomeric units?

A) amino acids
B) nucleotides
C) glycerol
D) fatty acids
E) both glycerol and fatty acids

Question 8

The most important polar molecule is ________ because it is practically a universal solvent.

A) water
B) bicarbonate
C) sodium chloride
D) magnesium sulfate
E) nucleic acid

Question 9

The chemical bonding behavior of an atom is directly determined by

A) the number of protons.
B) the number of neutrons.
C) the number and arrangement of electrons.
D) the size of the atom.
E) the mass of the atom.

Question 10

A molecule referred to as highly soluble is

A) very likely to dissolve in water.
B) not very likely to dissolve in water.
C) called aqueous.
D) very likely to dissolve in water and is called aqueous.
E) not very likely to dissolve in water and is called aqueous.

Question 11

Which of the following are examples of cations?

A) SO₄^2-
B) Ca²⁺
C) HPO₄^2-
D) HCO₃^-
E) Cl^-

Question 12

Which group of elements makes up more than 90% of the body's mass?

A) O, H, Na
B) C, Na, K
C) O, Ca, H
D) Ca, C, O
E) O, C, H

Question 13

When an enzyme reaches its saturation point,

A) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very high.
B) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low.
C) the amount of product produced continues to increase.
D) the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases.
E) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low and the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases.

Question 14

Chromium is

A) a major essential element.
B) a minor essential element.
C) a dietary supplement with no natural role in the body.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time,so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to

A) increase the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them.
B) decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them.
C) increase the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.
D) decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.
E) both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.

Question 16

Essential amino acids that are used to build proteins

A) exist in twenty six different configurations.
B) are linked together by ionic chemical bonds in proteins.
C) can be used medically for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
D) can be derived from the foods we eat and digest.
E) can only be made by cells within our bodies.

Question 17

A free radical is a

A) charged particle.
B) molecule with an extra electron.
C) molecule with an extra neutron.
D) molecule with an extra proton.
E) molecule with an unpaired electron.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential element for a living organism?

A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) mercury
D) oxygen
E) nitrogen

Question 19

Glycosylated molecules are those formed with which group of organic compounds?

A) lipids
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) lipoproteins

Question 20

Atoms in a covalent molecule

A) share electrons in single pairs.
B) share electrons in double pairs.
C) share electrons in triple pairs.
D) share electrons singly, never in pairs.
E) can share electrons in single pairs, double pairs, or triple pairs.

Question 21

A component of an important buffer in the human body is

A) NaCl.
B) H⁺.
C) HCl.
D) HCO₃^-.
E) H₂O.

Question 22

An ion has gained or lost ________.

Question 23

Protein specificity is

A) the activation of a specific protein that is needed to perform a particular function.
B) the degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand.
C) the ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands.
D) the degree to which a protein-ligand complex initiates a response.
E) the degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand and the ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands.

Question 24

Nucleic acids are polymers of units called

A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) bases.
D) ribose.
E) nucleotides.

Question 25

Which of the following substances is most alkaline?

A) lemon juice, pH = 2
B) urine, pH = 6
C) tomato juice, pH = 4
D) white wine, pH = 3
E) stomach secretions, pH = 1

Question 26

If a substance has a pH that is less than 7,it is considered

A) neutral.
B) acidic.
C) alkaline.
D) a buffer.
E) a salt.

Question 27

Polymers are a typical formation of ________ molecules.

A) organic
B) inorganic
C) either organic or inorganic

Question 28

In regard to lipids,the term unsaturated refers to

A) the lack of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid.
B) the presence of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid.
C) the ring structure of steroids.
D) glycerol, which acts as an anchor for joined fatty acids.
E) fats, such as butter and lard, which come from animal sources.

Question 29

Cholesterol is

A) a precursor to steroid hormones.
B) a structural component of cell membranes.
C) a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body.
D) a precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes.
E) a precursor to steroid hormones, a structural component of cell membranes, and a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body.

Question 30

The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of

A) solvent per volume of solute.
B) solute per volume of solvent.
C) solvent per volume of solution.
D) solute per volume of solution.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 31

According to the rules of complementary base pairing,a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would only pair with a nucleotide containing the base

A) thymine.
B) adenine.
C) uracil.
D) cytosine.
E) guanine.

Question 32

Isotopes of the same element differ by having different numbers of ________.

Question 33

The most important energy-transferring compound in cells is a nucleotide known as

A) glucose.
B) fructose.
C) protein.
D) adenosine triphosphate.
E) deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 34

A nucleotide consists of a

A) five-carbon sugar and phosphate group.
B) five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base.
C) phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
D) five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
E) five-carbon sugar and an amino acid.

Question 35

The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of the ________ structure of a protein.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentanary

Question 36

Which bases below are purines?
1)adenine
2)cytosine
3)guanine
4)thymine
5)uracil

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 1 and 3
E) 2, 4, and 5

Question 37

Which of the following is a common feature of soluble proteins?

A) structural support
B) noncovalent interaction
C) receptor binding
D) chemical modulation
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

The identity of an element can be determined by the number of ________.

Question 39

Interactions between different globular or fibrous polypeptide chains result in which type of structure?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentagonal

Question 40

Each amino acid differs from others in the

A) number of central carbon atoms.
B) size of the amino group.
C) number of carboxyl groups.
D) chemical structure of the R group.
E) number of peptide bonds in the molecule.

Question 41

Match each class of biomolecules to the correct statement about it.
A.carbohydrates
B.lipids
C.proteins
D.nucleotides
ATP and DNA are examples; they transfer energy and encode genetic information.

Question 42

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
C

Question 43

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
sodium

Question 44

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
phosphorus

Question 45

This particle has a charge of +1 and a mass of 1.

Question 46

Match each bond type with its description.
A.van der Waals
B.ionic
C.hydrogen
D.covalent
These result when two atoms share a pair of electrons.

Question 47

Match each bond type with its description.
A.van der Waals
B.ionic
C.hydrogen
D.covalent
These are weak attractive forces between the nucleus of one atom and the electrons of another atom close by.

Question 48

This particle has a charge of -1 and a negligible mass.

Question 49

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
O₂

Question 50

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
potassium

Question 51

Match each class of biomolecules to the correct statement about it.
A.carbohydrates
B.lipids
C.proteins
D.nucleotides
Triglycerides and steroids are members of this group.As a class they are hydrophobic.

Question 52

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
CO₂

Question 53

Match each class of biomolecules to the correct statement about it.
A.carbohydrates
B.lipids
C.proteins
D.nucleotides
Composed of units called amino acids,these can be linked into chains over 100 peptides long.

Question 54

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
calcium

Question 55

Match each class of biomolecules to the correct statement about it.
A.carbohydrates
B.lipids
C.proteins
D.nucleotides
Glucose and ribose are examples; these molecules provide energy or structure.

Question 56

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
This particle has a neutral charge and a mass of
1.

Question 57

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
lead

Question 58

Match each bond type with its description.
A.van der Waals
B.ionic
C.hydrogen
D.covalent
This results when an atom has such a strong attraction for electrons that it pulls one or more electrons completely away from another atom.

Question 59

Match the symbol with the correct element:
A.P
B.Na
C.Ca
D.C
E.K
F.Pb
carbon

Question 60

Match each bond type with its description.
A.van der Waals
B.ionic
C.hydrogen
D.covalent
These are weak attractive forces between hydrogen and certain other atoms.

Question 61

For the following questions,match the type of modulator with the best description below.
A.involved in phosphorylation
B.cannot be displaced by competition
C.bind to proteins away from the active site
D.reversible antagonist
irreversible antagonist

Question 62

A(n)________ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number.

Question 63

Match each level of protein structure with its description.
A.primary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.quaternary
the three-dimensional shape of an amino acid chain; can be fibrous or globular

Question 64

A combination of two or more atoms that has physical and chemical properties that differ from the atoms that compose it is called a(n)________.

Question 65

Match each level of protein structure with its description.
A.primary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.quaternary
applies to proteins containing more than one peptide chain

Question 66

For the following questions,match the type of modulator with the best description below.
A.involved in phosphorylation
B.cannot be displaced by competition
C.bind to proteins away from the active site
D.reversible antagonist
competitive inhibitor

Question 67

For the following questions,match the type of modulator with the best description below.
A.involved in phosphorylation
B.cannot be displaced by competition
C.bind to proteins away from the active site
D.reversible antagonist
allosteric modulator

Question 68

Match each level of protein structure with its description.
A.primary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.quaternary
the sequence and number of amino acids in the chain

Question 69

Electrons travel around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n)________.

Question 70

Match the descriptions to the correct protein category.
A.fibrous
B.globular
soluble in water

Question 71

Match each level of protein structure with its description.
A.primary
B.secondary
C.tertiary
D.quaternary
the spatial arrangement of amino acids; can be a helix or a pleated sheet

Question 72

When two or more atoms are chemically linked,the smallest unit of the resulting material is referred to as a(n)________.

Question 73

For the following questions,match the type of modulator with the best description below.
A.involved in phosphorylation
B.cannot be displaced by competition
C.bind to proteins away from the active site
D.reversible antagonist
covalent modulator

Question 74

The smallest unit of an element is a(n)________.

Question 75

The center of an atom is called the ________.

Question 76

Match the descriptions to the correct protein category.
A.fibrous
B.globular
keratin

Question 77

Match the descriptions to the correct protein category.
A.fibrous
B.globular
structural components

Question 78

Ions with a positive charge are called ________.

Question 79

Match the descriptions to the correct protein category.
A.fibrous
B.globular
lipid carriers

Question 80

Match the descriptions to the correct protein category.
A.fibrous
B.globular
disulfide bond