Deck 3: Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

A) a cell wall
B) a cell membrane
C) plasma membrane
D) plasmalemma
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cell membranes are said to be

A) impermeable.
B) freely permeable.
C) selectively permeable.
D) actively permeable.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the ________ environment.

A) internal
B) external

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The thickest protein fibers from the following group are

A) microtubules.
B) neurofilaments.
C) microfilaments.
D) myosin molecules.
E) keratin filaments.

Question 5

The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as

A) cytosol.
B) protoplasm.
C) extracellular fluid.
D) cytoplasm.
E) plasma.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

A) bind to ligands
B) regulate the passage of ions
C) act as transport molecules for various solutes
D) anchor or stabilize the cell membrane
E) produce energy

Question 7

A liposome is

A) only an additive to creams and lotions.
B) only a drug-delivery vehicle.
C) only a type of lipid.
D) only a structural component of cell membranes.
E) an additive to creams and lotions and a drug-delivery vehicle.

Question 8

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is TRUE except one.Identify the exception.

A) The mitochondrial cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
B) The matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production.
C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae.
D) The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA.
E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a membrane lipid?

A) sphingolipids
B) cholesterol
C) phospholipids
D) All are membrane lipids.

Question 10

Ribosomal RNA is formed by

A) the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Golgi complexes.
C) lysosomes.
D) mitochondria.
E) nucleoli.

Question 11

Which cellular organelle is a lipid bilayer that controls which objects can leave or enter the cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) nucleus
D) plasma membrane
E) ribosome

Question 12

The cellular organelle(s)responsible for packaging and transporting proteins is/are the

A) microtubules.
B) mitochondria.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ribosomes.
E) Golgi complex.

Question 13

When cancer develops in one tissue and spreads to another via the blood or the lymph,the cancer is said to have undergone what process?

A) differentiation
B) metastasis
C) cytokinesis
D) mutation

Question 14

What is/are the major role(s)of the phospholipid bilayer?

A) the absorption of fats only
B) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules only
C) to provide a framework for membrane proteins only
D) to carry water-soluble molecules through a hydrophobic environment only
E) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins

Question 15

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except one.Identify the exception.

A) lysosome
B) cilia
C) centriole
D) ribosome
E) cytoskeleton

Question 16

Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective

A) mitochondria.
B) Golgi bodies.
C) lysosomes.
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 17

In humans,only ________ cells have flagella.

A) respiratory tract lining
B) intestine lining
C) stomach lining
D) sperm
E) uterine tube lining

Question 18

The space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as

A) the peritoneal cavity.
B) the lumen.
C) the extracellular space.
D) the epidural space.
E) the tract.

Question 19

Intermediate filaments

A) provide the cell with strength.
B) stabilize the position of organelles.
C) transport materials within the cytoplasm.
D) form the neurofilaments in nerve cells.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

An immunoliposome is a liposome that

A) suppresses the immune system.
B) stimulates the immune system.
C) can recognize cancer cells.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 21

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A) ribosomes.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nucleus.
D) mitochondria.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 22

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) nucleoli
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes?

A) air
B) water
C) acid
D) enzymes
E) base

Question 24

The control center for cellular operations is the

A) nucleus.
B) mitochondria.
C) Golgi complex.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) ribosomes.

Question 25

The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin,a protein-based hormone.Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells?

A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) microvilli
D) lysosomes

Question 26

Microvilli are found

A) mostly in muscle cells.
B) on the inside of cell membranes.
C) in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones.
D) in cells that are actively engaged in absorption.
E) only on cells lining the reproductive tract.

Question 27

The nucleus stores all the information needed to synthesize which of the following molecules?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) phospholipids
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to

A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage.
B) the Golgi complex for packaging.
C) the lysosome for modification.
D) the cell membrane for secretion.
E) the nucleus for cellular use.

Question 29

Which does NOT accurately complete the sentence? One of the major functions of both types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)is the

A) synthesis of biomolecules.
B) storage of genetic material for the cell.
C) transport of biomolecules.
D) storage of biomolecules.

Question 30

Which cellular organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondria
D) nucleus
E) ribosome

Question 31

Microtubules

A) are composed of tubulin.
B) are hollow, filamentous structures.
C) form cilia that aid in cell movement.
D) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 32

Peroxisomes

A) use an enzyme to destroy H₂O₂ that is toxic to the cell.
B) are a type of lysosome.
C) are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles.
D) are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids.
E) All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes.

Question 33

The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is ________ adipose (fat)cells.

A) greater than
B) less than
C) equal to

Question 34

If a cell lacked lysosomes,it would not be able to

A) synthesize lipids.
B) produce enzymes.
C) digest cellular wastes and bacteria.
D) destroy H₂O₂.
E) transport water-soluble molecules.

Question 35

All of the following are synthesized along various sites of the endoplasmic reticulum except one.Identify the exception.

A) proteins
B) fatty acids
C) steroids
D) RNA
E) phospholipids

Question 36

Centrioles

A) function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell.
B) direct the movement of DNA during cell division.
C) hold the cell's ribosomes in place.
D) are white blood cells out of vessels.
E) provide shape and stability to a cell.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

A) fatty acids
B) steroids
C) proteins
D) lipids
E) All are synthesized in the SER.

Question 38

If the adrenal cortex produces lipid based hormones such as aldosterone,which organelle would be higher in cells of the adrenal cortex than in the adrenal medulla?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondria
C) ribosome
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

The term secretion refers to

A) the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space for a particular use.
B) synthesis of a protein for export from the cell.
C) the manufacture and assembly of a material.
D) storage of a material, until it is time for it to leave the cell.
E) None of the answers describe secretion.

Question 40

All of the structures listed below are involved in storage,EXCEPT

A) lysosomes.
B) peroxisomes.
C) secretory vesicles.
D) storage vesicles.
E) All are involved in cellular storage.

Question 41

Every substance that enters or leaves the internal environment of the body must cross an epithelium.

Question 42

The types of junction proteins important in growth and development are

A) claudins.
B) occludins.
C) CAMs.
D) connexins.
E) integrins.

Question 43

Functions of epithelia include all of the following EXCEPT

A) providing physical protection.
B) controlling permeability.
C) producing specialized secretions.
D) storing energy reserves.
E) movement.

Question 44

The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called

A) basolateral epithelium.
B) endothelium.
C) luteal cells.
D) the vasa recta.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 45

Functions of connective tissue include

A) establishing a structural framework for the body.
B) transporting fluids and dissolved materials.
C) providing protection for delicate organs.
D) storing energy reserves.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Cells that store fat are called

A) fibroblasts.
B) liposomes.
C) adipocytes.
D) mast cells.
E) melanocytes.

Question 47

Movement of material between cells is known as the ________ pathway.

A) transcellular
B) paracellular
C) metacellular
D) transendothelial
E) cisendothelial

Question 48

Which type of tissue below has minimal extracellular matrix?

A) epithelial only
B) connective only
C) neural only
D) muscle only
E) epithelial, neural, and muscle

Question 49

Glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are

A) endocrine glands.
B) mixed glands.
C) exocrine glands.
D) unicellular glands.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 50

The type of protein found in gap junctions is the

A) claudin.
B) occludin.
C) cadherin.
D) connexin.
E) integrin.

Question 51

All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction.Identify the exception.

A) desmosomes
B) tight junctions
C) gap junctions
D) loose junctions
E) adherens junctions

Question 52

The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.It does not secrete any enzymes or absorb any nutrients,but it does need to stand up to significant friction and stress.The type of epithelium most likely lining the esophagus would be:

A) cuboidal epithelium.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) stratified squamous epithelium.
E) transitional epithelium.

Question 53

Epithelia are connected to underlying connective tissues by

A) a basement membrane only.
B) protein filaments embedded in glycoprotein only.
C) a basal lamina only.
D) a basement membrane and protein filaments embedded in glycoprotein only.
E) a basement membrane, protein filaments embedded in glycoprotein, and a basal lamina.

Question 54

Each of the following is a primary tissue type except one.Identify the exception.

A) muscle tissue
B) neural tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue

Question 55

Disappearance of which type of junction most likely contributes to the metastasis of cancer cells throughout the body?

A) gap
B) tight
C) anchoring

Question 56

Epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials,such as ions and nutrients,usually have ________ on their apical surface.

A) mitochondria
B) cilia or flagella
C) microvilli
D) junctional complexes
E) vesicles

Question 57

Due to the fact that they divide frequently,epithelia are prone to the genetic mutations associated with cancer.

Question 58

Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence.
1)The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
2)A secretory vesicle is formed.
3)A transport vesicle is formed.
4)The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 1, 3, 4, 2
D) 4, 3, 1, 2
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 59

The function of microvilli,often seen on the apical membrane of transporting epithelia,is to

A) increase the movement of extracellular fluid.
B) increase the resistance of the cell to viruses.
C) increase the cell's surface area.
D) increase the toughness of the cell.
E) allow the cell to move through a fluid medium.

Question 60

Exocrine glands

A) may make either mucous or serous secretions.
B) release their secretions into the external environment.
C) release their secretions through open tubes, called ducts.
D) may work as single cells or as a multicellular organ.
E) All of the statements are true.

Question 61

Match the cell type to its tissue or function.
A.cartilage
B.destroys bone matrix
C.loose connective tissue
D.fat
E.maintains bone matrix
fibroblast

Question 62

It modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell.

Question 63

The "powerhouse" of the cell,ATP is produced here.

Question 64

The term meaning a mitotic population of cells that persists into adulthood applies to

A) stem cells.
B) totipotent cells.
C) apoptosis.
D) nurse cells.
E) gametocytes.

Question 65

Match the cell type to its tissue or function.
A.cartilage
B.destroys bone matrix
C.loose connective tissue
D.fat
E.maintains bone matrix
chondrocyte

Question 66

Match the type of cell junction with the best description.Answers may be used once,more than once,or not at all
A.gap junction
B.tight junction
C.anchoring junction
simplest cell-cell junction

Question 67

Match the type of cell junction with the best description.Answers may be used once,more than once,or not at all
A.gap junction
B.tight junction
C.anchoring junction
can be cell-matrix junctions

Question 68

The heaviest organ in the body is the

A) liver.
B) brain.
C) skin.
D) stomach.
E) urinary bladder.

Question 69

These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules.

Question 70

Groups of tissues that carry out related functions may form structures known as

A) cells.
B) organs.
C) organelles.
D) organisms.
E) impossible to tell from the information given

Question 71

Loose connective tissue functions in

A) supporting small glands.
B) supporting epithelia.
C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 72

Plasma is

A) found within the circulatory system.
B) the fluid portion of blood.
C) a subdivision of the ECF.
D) sometimes donated instead of blood.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 73

The term meaning programmed cell death is

A) necrosis.
B) apoptosis.
C) oncogenesis.
D) diuresis.
E) cytocide.

Question 74

Match the cell type to its tissue or function.
A.cartilage
B.destroys bone matrix
C.loose connective tissue
D.fat
E.maintains bone matrix
osteoclast

Question 75

Match the type of cell junction with the best description.Answers may be used once,more than once,or not at all
A.gap junction
B.tight junction
C.anchoring junction
their loss is characteristic of cancer

Question 76

Match the type of cell junction with the best description.Answers may be used once,more than once,or not at all
A.gap junction
B.tight junction
C.anchoring junction
contributes to the blood-brain barrier

Question 77

It is the digestive system of a cell,degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components.

Question 78

Match the cell type to its tissue or function.
A.cartilage
B.destroys bone matrix
C.loose connective tissue
D.fat
E.maintains bone matrix
osteocyte

Question 79

Nucleoli function in the production of ________.

Question 80

Match the cell type to its tissue or function.
A.cartilage
B.destroys bone matrix
C.loose connective tissue
D.fat
E.maintains bone matrix
adipocyte